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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Influence Of Grassland Management And Grazing By Different Farm Animals On Animal Performance And Flora Alterations, W. Jentsch, H.-D. Matthes, A. Admasu, H. Möhring
Influence Of Grassland Management And Grazing By Different Farm Animals On Animal Performance And Flora Alterations, W. Jentsch, H.-D. Matthes, A. Admasu, H. Möhring
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objectives of this study were to test the possibilities of using different farm animals for landscape care on extensive pasture, taking into account their particular performance, and to analyse alterations of the flora in consequence of grazing by different animals and various pasture management. Salers had the highest (836g/d) and Galloways (584g/d) the lowest live weight gain as compared with the other breeds (771g/d). Lambs had higher live weight when grazing together with cattle and horses (mixed grazing) than under one species grazing. The number of legume increased and that of grass decreased. Following 3 years the grazing animals …
Forage Management For Extending The Grazing Season, David W. Koch, C. M. Lux, J. W. Flake
Forage Management For Extending The Grazing Season, David W. Koch, C. M. Lux, J. W. Flake
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Studies were conducted to determine ways to extend grazing season with forages adequate to meet the needs of grazing animals and to reduce the cost of livestock production. Perennial grasses were swathed, windrowed and left in the field until they were winter-grazed with bred heifers. Corn (Zea mays L.) was stockpiled for winter grazing with lambs and ewes. Windrowed grasses increased in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared with stored hay, but crude protein content, heifer weight gain and body condition change was similar for both forages. An economic value of $218 ha-1 from …
Semiarid Grassland And Winter Cereals For Lamb Production In Northeast Patagonia, Argentina, D. P. Miñón, G. G. Durañona, J. C. García Vinent, H. D. Giorgetti, G. D. Rodríguez
Semiarid Grassland And Winter Cereals For Lamb Production In Northeast Patagonia, Argentina, D. P. Miñón, G. G. Durañona, J. C. García Vinent, H. D. Giorgetti, G. D. Rodríguez
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In northeastern Patagonia where grain crops often led to harvest failure, low yields and a high drought risk, a lamb production system was established. On a 10 years old agriculture wheat cropping was interrupted in 1996, allowing re-vegetation through exclusion of grazing. Natural grassland recovered, prevailing the species Stipa tenuis, Piptochaetium napostaense, Stipa ambigua. Part of the plot was sown to wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum). In 1999, to improve sheep feeding, oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were sown for grazing during winter-spring season. In this system Corriedale sheep, Texel x australian …
Intake Characteristics And Performance Of Contrasting Grass Varieties Continuously Stocked With Sheep, R. J. Orr, J. E. Cook, R. A. Champion, A. J. Rook
Intake Characteristics And Performance Of Contrasting Grass Varieties Continuously Stocked With Sheep, R. J. Orr, J. E. Cook, R. A. Champion, A. J. Rook
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Fifteen intermediate-heading perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties were grazed by sheep under continuous variable stocking management. Mean daily grass dry matter intake per ewe was positively correlated with liveweight gain per ewe (r = 0.63) and per ha (r = 0.58) over an 8-month grazing season. Daily intake was not correlated with grazing time (r = 0.12) but was positively correlated with instantaneous dry matter intake rate (r = 0.75). Breeding varieties with high intake rate characteristics should allow increases in the contribution of grazed grass to grassland-based livestock farming. There is now a …
Herbivore Preference For Afternoon- And Morning-Cut Forages And Adoption Of Cutting Management Strategies, H. F. Mayland, J. C. Burns, D. S. Fisher, Glenn E. Shewmaker, R. Carlstrom, D. S. Cash
Herbivore Preference For Afternoon- And Morning-Cut Forages And Adoption Of Cutting Management Strategies, H. F. Mayland, J. C. Burns, D. S. Fisher, Glenn E. Shewmaker, R. Carlstrom, D. S. Cash
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Photosynthesizing forage plants accumulate total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) during daylight, but then TNC concentrations are reduced during the night. Afternoon-cut forage (PM) has greater TNC value and thus economic value, than morning-cut (AM). Livestock prefer PM-cut hay and this can be readily demonstrated by offering animals a choice of hays cut in PM and AM. Alfalfa growers in the western United States are readily adopting PM-cutting technology to increase profits.
Intake And Qualitative Aspects Of Guinea Grass Grazed By Sheep Over Three Different Seasons, Willem A. Van Niekerk
Intake And Qualitative Aspects Of Guinea Grass Grazed By Sheep Over Three Different Seasons, Willem A. Van Niekerk
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of season on intake by sheep as well as certain selected qualitative characteristics of Panicum maximum (cv Gatton) (Guinea grass) at the mature growing stage. The lower DM content of the spring and summer grass (41.6 and 40.2%) did not hamper DOMI (48.1 and 26.7 W0.75/d), respectively. The N concentration of the spring and summer grass was well within the limit required for optimal rumen microbial production (1.8 - 2.0%). The high cell wall components of the winter grass resulted most probably in a significant lower IVDOM value …
Short-Term High-Performance Pastures In Temperate Eastern Australia, Rob Eccles
Short-Term High-Performance Pastures In Temperate Eastern Australia, Rob Eccles
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In exclusively rain-fed/grass-fed grazing systems, Short Term High-Performance Pastures (HPP) are used in specialised finishing paddocks to produce high-quality feed, enabling livestock to maximise their genetic production potential and meet market carcass specifications at the youngest age possible. This strategy not only achieves premium prices but also requires just 8% of a breeding enterprise’s land to finish animals. Described are the range of species choices and combinations used in different environments of the Australian Eastern high rainfall zone, the reasons these species are used and the options available to meet animal requirements strategically. Instead of a monoculture of fodder crops, …
Understanding The Effects Of A Tannin Extract On Forage Protein Digestion In The Rumen And Abomasum Using A Dynamic Artificial Digestive System Coupled To A Digestomic Approach, T. Sayd, C. Chambon, A. Torrent, S. Blinet, L. Theron, V. Niderkorn
Understanding The Effects Of A Tannin Extract On Forage Protein Digestion In The Rumen And Abomasum Using A Dynamic Artificial Digestive System Coupled To A Digestomic Approach, T. Sayd, C. Chambon, A. Torrent, S. Blinet, L. Theron, V. Niderkorn
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Improving the use efficiency of dietary protein in ruminants is a major challenge to decrease feed supplementation and significantly decrease nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of tannins on protein digestion in the rumen and in conditions simulating the abomasum, using a dynamic in vitro digestive system coupled to a digestomic approach. Three ruminally-cannulated sheep fed with alfalfa hay were infused daily with a solution of tannins, while three other sheep were infused with water (control). Standardized ruminal fluid was introduced into the digester, which simulated the transit of digesta …
Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections In Grazing Domestic Ruminants, M. Eysker
Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections In Grazing Domestic Ruminants, M. Eysker
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
World wide gastrointestinal nematode infections impair production of ruminants. Particularly in small ruminants control of these infections is seriously hampered by the development of resistance of the parasites against anthelmintic drugs. This implies that alternative control measures have to be implemented in order to maintain a sustainable ruminant industry. In this paper the various possibilities to achieve this are briefly discussed. The possibilities discussed include grazing management, vaccination, selective breeding, biological control, nutrition and the use of bioactive forages such as for instance plants containing condensed tannins. At the end it is concluded that combinations of these options should preferably …
Bloat In Ruminants: The Cell Rupture Hypothesis, B. P. Berg, T. A. Mcallister, K.-J. Cheng
Bloat In Ruminants: The Cell Rupture Hypothesis, B. P. Berg, T. A. Mcallister, K.-J. Cheng
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar with a low initial rate of digestion (LIRD), AC Grazeland B, was developed to test the hypothesis that the rate of cell rupture was a cause of frothy bloat in cattle or sheep. The amount of cell wall increases and digestibility declines as plants mature. Thus the cell rupture theory also predicts that the bloat potential of alfalfa is related to maturity. This study compared the digestibility of cell walls (NDF) in LIRD cultivars with that of a standard, Beaver, in relation to maturity and bloat incidence. Fresh alfalfa was fed to wethers …
Dags In Sheep Grazing Temperate Pastures: Causes And Consequences Of Faecal Adhesion To Wool, Garry C. Waghorn
Dags In Sheep Grazing Temperate Pastures: Causes And Consequences Of Faecal Adhesion To Wool, Garry C. Waghorn
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Dags are the accumulation of faeces on wool in the perianal (breech) region of sheep and are a common problem in sheep fed good quality ryegrass based pastures in New Zealand. Their removal, or prevention, is costly but the consequences of doing nothing are severe. There is a high correlation between dags and flystrike (development of maggots) on sheep with dags, and dags reduce fleece value, live-weight gain and reproductive performance. Information summarised here suggests a range of factors contribute to the incidence of dags: lush (high quality) feeds, high voluntary feed intakes, presence of parasites in the gastro-intestinal tract, …
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P < 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P < 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P < 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P < 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects.
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using …
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
It is imperative that sheep production systems in southern Australia continue to be refined so producers remain financially viable but at the same time the environment is not degraded. As part of a national thrust for development and promotion of better production systems, one research site has been established in Victoria where pastures and animal production are measured together with water and nutrient movement. Results for pasture growth rates over two years are presented here and will be used to develop best industry practice at completion of the project.
Sugar Cane Silage (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Hydrolyzed With Calcium Hydroxide, J. A. Lima, E. A. Cunha, E. F. Júnior, M. S. Bueno, F. Okamoto
Sugar Cane Silage (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Hydrolyzed With Calcium Hydroxide, J. A. Lima, E. A. Cunha, E. F. Júnior, M. S. Bueno, F. Okamoto
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Alfalfa Saponin On Fermentation Functions And Protozoal Populations In The Rumen Of Sheep, Ming Hu, Dexun Lu, Wenyi Niu, Xiaoping Ren, Ren Na, Jing Yi
Effects Of Alfalfa Saponin On Fermentation Functions And Protozoal Populations In The Rumen Of Sheep, Ming Hu, Dexun Lu, Wenyi Niu, Xiaoping Ren, Ren Na, Jing Yi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Carcass Characteristics Of Sheep Fed High Moisture Corn Silage With Or Without Whole Sunflower Or Urea Finished In Feedlot, C. C. Jobim, F. A. F. Macedo, A. F. Branco, L. Lombardy
Carcass Characteristics Of Sheep Fed High Moisture Corn Silage With Or Without Whole Sunflower Or Urea Finished In Feedlot, C. C. Jobim, F. A. F. Macedo, A. F. Branco, L. Lombardy
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Sericea Lespedeza‐-A Natural Dewormer For Sheep And Goats, Thomas H. Terrill
Sericea Lespedeza‐-A Natural Dewormer For Sheep And Goats, Thomas H. Terrill
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Oxytropis Species Consumption On Sheep Forage Preference In Northeastern Qing‐Tibetan Plateau, Shengyao Wang, Kun Wang, Yonglai Zh.
Effect Of Oxytropis Species Consumption On Sheep Forage Preference In Northeastern Qing‐Tibetan Plateau, Shengyao Wang, Kun Wang, Yonglai Zh.
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Performance Of Ile‐De‐France Lambs Fed Up With Diets Containing Sugar Cane Forage Variety Or Corn Silage, A. G. Silva Sobrinho, G. M. B. Moreno, A. G. Leão, C. M. B. Loureiro, A. A. M. Sampaio
Performance Of Ile‐De‐France Lambs Fed Up With Diets Containing Sugar Cane Forage Variety Or Corn Silage, A. G. Silva Sobrinho, G. M. B. Moreno, A. G. Leão, C. M. B. Loureiro, A. A. M. Sampaio
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Nutrients Intake By The Ile‐De‐France Lambs Fed Up With Diets Containing Sugar Cane Forage Variety Or Corn Silage, A. G. Silva Sobrinho, G. M. B. Moreno, A. G. Leão, C. M. B. Loureiro, A. A. M. Sampaio
Nutrients Intake By The Ile‐De‐France Lambs Fed Up With Diets Containing Sugar Cane Forage Variety Or Corn Silage, A. G. Silva Sobrinho, G. M. B. Moreno, A. G. Leão, C. M. B. Loureiro, A. A. M. Sampaio
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Functional Plant In Sheep Foraging, Ling Wang, Guowei Chen, Xiao Shun, Deli Wang
The Role Of Functional Plant In Sheep Foraging, Ling Wang, Guowei Chen, Xiao Shun, Deli Wang
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Identifying And Solving Mineral Deficiencies In Sheep And Goats In Inner Mongolia, Adrian Williams, Dunyuan Hao
Identifying And Solving Mineral Deficiencies In Sheep And Goats In Inner Mongolia, Adrian Williams, Dunyuan Hao
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.