Life Sciences Commons^™

Neural Substrates Of Sound–Touch Synesthesia After A Thalamic Lesion, Michael S. Beauchamp, Tony Ro

Publications and Research

Neural plasticity induced by stroke can mediate positive outcomes, such as recovery of function, but can also result in the formation of abnormal connections with negative consequences for perception and cognition. In three experiments using blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural substrates of acquired auditory-tactile synesthesia, in which certain sounds can produce an intense somatosensory tingling sensation in a patient with a thalamic lesion. Compared with nine normal controls, the first experiment showed that the patient had a threefold greater BOLD response to sounds in the parietal operculum, the location of secondary somatosensory cortex. …

Medial Temporal Lobe Bold Activity At Rest Predicts Individual Differences In Memory Ability In Hhealthy Young Adults, Gagan S. Wig, Scott T. Grafton, Kathryn E. Demos, George L. Wolford, Steven E. Petersen, William M. Kelley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Human beings differ in their ability to form and retrieve lasting long-term memories. To explore the source of these individual differences, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in healthy young adults (n = 50) during periods of resting fixation that were interleaved with periods of simple cognitive tasks. We report that medial temporal lobe BOLD activity during periods of rest predicts individual differences in memory ability. Specifically, individuals who exhibited greater magnitudes of task-induced deactivations in medial temporal lobe BOLD signal (as compared to periods of rest) demonstrated superior memory during offline testing. This relationship …

Dynamics Of Apomyoglobin In The Α-To-Β Transition And Of Partially Unfolded Aggregated Protein, E. Fabiani, A. M. Stadler, D. Madern, M. M. Koza, M. Tehei, M. Hirai, G. Zaccai

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Changes of molecular dynamics in the α-to-β transition associated with amyloid fibril formation were explored on apo-myoglobin (ApoMb) as a model system. Circular dichroism, neutron and X-ray scattering experiments were performed as a function of temperature on the protein, at different solvent conditions. A significant change in molecular dynamics was observed at the α-to-β transition at about 55 ˚C, indicating a more resilient high temperature β structure phase. A similar effect at approximately the same temperature was observed in holo-myoglobin, associated with partial unfolding and protein aggregation. A study in a wide temperature range between 20 K and 360 K …

Factors That Affect Performance On Executive Functioning After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Sapna Mahesh Patel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Research suggests that individuals who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) experience declines in neuropsychological functioning post-operatively. This decline has been observed in up to 80% of patients early after surgery, and in up to 30% of patients after six months. Many studies have examined the potential effects of CABG on neuropsychological functioning in general, and numerous studies have found that executive functions are impaired in particular. However, none have examined what factors contribute to observed executive dysfunction after CABG. This study investigated the role of memory functions on executive functions in a selected sample of patients undergoing CABG. This …

Cross-Modal Interaction Between Vision And Hearing: A Speed—Accuracy Analysis, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Cross-modal facilitation of response time (RT) is said to occur in a selective attention task when the introduction of an irrelevant sound increases the speed at which visual stimuli are detected and identified. To investigate the source of the facilitation in RT, we asked participants to rapidly identify the color of lights in the quiet and when accompanied by a pulse of noise. The resulting measures of accuracy and RT were used to derive speed-accuracy trade-off functions (SATFs) separately for the noise and the no-noise conditions. The two resulting SATFs have similar slopes and intercepts and, thus, can be treated …

Cross-Modal Interaction Between Vision And Hearing: A Speed—Accuracy Analysis, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Cross-modal facilitation of response time (RT) is said to occur in a selective attention task when the introduction of an irrelevant sound increases the speed at which visual stimuli are detected and identified. To investigate the source of the facilitation in RT, we asked participants to rapidly identify the color of lights in the quiet and when accompanied by a pulse of noise. The resulting measures of accuracy and RT were used to derive speed-accuracy trade-off functions (SATFs) separately for the noise and the no-noise conditions. The two resulting SATFs have similar slopes and intercepts and, thus, can be treated …

A Songbird Forebrain Area Potentially Involved In Auditory Discrimination And Memory Formation, Raphael Pinaud, Thomas A. Terleph

Biology Faculty Publications

Songbirds rely on auditory processing of natural communication signals for a number of social behaviors, including mate selection, individual recognition and the rare behavior of vocal learning - the ability to learn vocalizations through imitation of an adult model, rather than by instinct. Like mammals, songbirds possess a set of interconnected ascending and descending auditory brain pathways that process acoustic information and that are presumably involved in the perceptual processing of vocal communication signals. Most auditory areas studied to date are located in the caudomedial forebrain of the songbird and include the thalamo-recipient field L (subfields L1, L2 and L3), …

Constructive Perception Of Self-Motion, Jan E. Holly, Gin Mccollum

Gin McCollum

This review focusses attention on a ragged edge of our knowledge of self-motion perception, where understanding ends but there are experimental results to indicate that present approaches to analysis are inadequate. Although self-motion perception displays processes of “top-down” construction, it is typically analyzed as if it is nothing more than a deformation of the stimulus, using a “bottom-up” and input/output approach beginning with the transduction of the stimulus. Analysis often focusses on the extent to which passive transduction of the movement stimulus is accurate. Some perceptual processes that deform or transform the stimulus arise from the way known properties of …

Melody Recognition At Fast And Slow Tempos: Effects Of Age, Experience, And Familiarity, W.J. Dowling, J.C. Bartlett, Andrea Halpern, M.W. Andrews

Faculty Journal Articles

Eighty-one listeners defined by three age ranges (18–30, 31–59, and over 60 years) and three levels of musical experience performed an immediate recognition task requiring the detection of alterations in melodies. On each trial, a brief melody was presented, followed 5 sec later by a test stimulus that either was identical to the target or had two pitches changed, for a same–different judgment. Each melody pair was presented at 0.6 note/sec, 3.0 notes/sec, or 6.0 notes/sec. Performance was better with familiar melodies than with unfamiliar melodies. Overall performance declined slightly with age and improved substantially with increasing experience, in agreement …

Effects Of Timbre And Tempo Change On Memory For Music, Andrea Halpern, D. Mullensiefen

Faculty Journal Articles

We investigated the effects of different encoding tasks and of manipulations of two supposedly surface parameters of music on implicit and explicit memory for tunes. In two experiments, participants were first asked to either categorize instrument or judge familiarity of 40 unfamiliar short tunes. Subsequently, participants were asked to give explicit and implicit memory ratings for a list of 80 tunes, which included 40 previously heard. Half of the 40 previously heard tunes differed in timbre (Experiment 1) or tempo (Experiment 2) in comparison with the first exposure. A third experiment compared similarity ratings of the tunes that varied in …

Psycho-Social Effects Of A Brain-Training Program Among Healthy Older Adults, Desma Hurley, M. Jean Turner, William C. Bailey

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Grounded in cognitive neuroscience and social exchange theory, this research evaluated the relationship between changes in cognitive functioning and two psycho-social dimensions of life among healthy adults over the age of 70 (N=12). Specific psycho-social dimensions examined were social interaction and depression. Six females and six males participated in the study. All were white, college-educated individuals residing in a life-care residential retirement community. The participants used the Posit Science® Brain Fitness Program™, an auditory-based computer training program that improves memory and speed of processing, for forty hours over an eight-week period. Pre- and post-tests related to social interaction and depressive …

Brain Bases Of Individual Differences In Cognition, Chantel Prat, Marcel Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

A Decrease In Brain Activation Associated With Driving When Listening To Someone Speak, Marcel Just, Timothy Keller, Jacquelyn Cynkar

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Autism-Like Behavioral Phenotypes In Btbr Ttf/J Mice. Genes, Hewlet Mcfarlane

Hewlet McFarlane

No abstract provided.

Fmri Investigation Of Working Memory For Faces In Autism: Visual Coding And Underconnectivity With Frontal Areas, Hideya Koshino, Rajesh Kana, Timothy Keller, Vladimir Cherkassky, Nancy Minshew, Marcel Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Understanding Evaluation Of Faces On Social Dimensions., Alex Todorov, Said Chris, Andrew Engell, Nicholas Oosterhof

Andrew Engell

Using Fmri Brain Activation To Identify Cognitive States Associated With Perception Of Tools And Dwellings, Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Robert A. Mason, Vicente L. Malave, Wei Wang, Tom M. Mitchell, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Modifying The Brain Activation Of Poor Readers During Sentence Comprehension With Extended Remedial Instruction: A Longitudinal Study Of Neuroplasticity, Ann Meyler, Timothy A. Keller, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, John D. E. Gabrieli, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

What Brain Imaging Can Tell Us About Embodied Meaning, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Theory Of Mind Disruption And Recruitment Of The Right Hemisphere During Narrative Comprehension In Autism, Robert A. Mason, Diane L. Williams, Rajesh K. Kana, Nancy J. Minshew, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated With The Meanings Of Nouns, Tom M. Mitchell, Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Andrew Carlson, Kai-Min Chang, Vicente L. Malave, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

The Role Of The Amygdala In Implicit Evaluation Of Emotionally Neutral Faces., Alex Todorov, Andrew D. Engell

Andrew D. Engell