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2004

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon Jan 2004

Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various chemical compounds contribute to the naturally pleasant flavor of milk. Over time, however, and with unwanted chemical reactions, loss of flavor is inevitable. This study was conducted to identify and quantify volatile flavor compounds associated with off-flavored and commercial reduced-fat milk products. Fresh milk was used for the preparation of altered milk samples having off-flavors such as "light-oxidized" and "high-acid." Milk lacking freshness (i.e., milk produced two weeks before sampling and maintained at 40oF in the dark) also was compared with fresh unaltered milk and two commercial milk samples. For headspace analysis, milk samples were subjected to SPME-GC for …

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Effect Of A New Teat Dip On Somatic Cell Count, Incidence Of Mastitis, And Milk Production In A Commercial Dairy (2004), John E. Shirley, W.F. Miller, J. Rottinghaus, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

Effect Of A New Teat Dip On Somatic Cell Count, Incidence Of Mastitis, And Milk Production In A Commercial Dairy (2004), John E. Shirley, W.F. Miller, J. Rottinghaus, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Five hundred and thirty Holstein cows located in a commercial dairy herd near Birdseye, Indiana, were used to evaluate an iodophor (0.50% iodine) teat dip containing a new conditioner. The new teat dip (Dinerin) was evaluated against a common commercial teat dip (WestAgro Iodozyne pre-dip and West- Agro Blockade post dip). The study was conducted February 17 through June 25, 2004. Cows treated with Dinerin teat dip had lower somatic cell counts and produced more milk than those treated with the WestAgro products.; Dairy Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004;

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Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Johne's disease was characterized as a significant disease in cattle before the start of the 20th century. The disease causes a chronic wasting away and non-responsive diarrhea, coupled with a long incubation period and difficulty in diagnosis until late in the course of disease. As a result, it has become a costly aggravation to dairy producers over the years. Of even greater concern, however, is the more recent incrimination of the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subspecies pseudotuberculosis (MAP), as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans. Because MAP is present in milk of cows with advanced Johne's disease, and …

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Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van Jan 2004

Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The primary advantages of reducing age at first calving (AFC) include reducing rearing costs as well as reducing time in which the heifer is only a capital drain on farm resources. The primary disadvantage of reducing AFC is that it is frequently associated with a reduction in first-lactation milk yield. Despite this reduction in first-lactation milk yield, production per year of herd life is typically increased by reduced AFC. Furthermore, although the first lactation yield may be influenced by AFC, future lactations are decidedly not. In addition, stayability and health of cows are not influenced by reduced AFC as long …

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Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk Jan 2004

Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Accelerated-growth feeding programs are the newest buzz word in calf rearing. Accelerated programs require a milk replacer containing more crude protein and less fat content than traditional milk replacers. These programs are generally phase-feeding programs that increase the amount of milk replacer as the calf advances in age. In addition, changes in the calf starter are necessary to achieve optimal performance. These programs increase weight gain during the liquid-feeding period and may positively impact calf health. Changes in the composition and amount of milk replacer used increase the cost of the accelerated program, compared with that of conventional programs. Gains …

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Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 2004

Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various percentages (1.2% to 13%) of β- cyclodextrin (β"“CD) were added to water or pasteurized whole milk to study β-CD crystallization patterns. Influential factors such as crystallization time (4 to 12 h), crystallization temperature (45º vs. 72ºF), and centrifugation speed (25 to 3000 x g) were investigated. Optimized crystallization conditions were verified in antibiotic-tainted raw milk samples via the enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay and by solids partitioning. In water, β-CD precipitate increased significantly as β-CD concentration and crystallization time increased, but was independent of the centrifugation speed. In pasteurized whole milk, precipitate increased as β-CD concentration, crystallization time, and centrifugation speed …

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Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Yeast And Fibrolytic Enzymes (2004), Evan C. Titgemeyer, B.J. Johnson, John E. Shirley Jan 2004

Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Yeast And Fibrolytic Enzymes (2004), Evan C. Titgemeyer, B.J. Johnson, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effect of supplementing typical dairy diets with yeast and fibrolytic enzymes on dairy cow performance. Twentyfour Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of yeast (Procreatin-7, a live culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and various amounts of FP800 (a fibrolytic enzyme mixture) on lactation performance. Treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial design consisting of 8 treatments: 0, 5, 10, or 15 g of FP800 per day and 0 or 5 g of Procreatin-7 per day. Design and conduct of the experiment allowed at least 10 observations in each of the 8 treatment combinations. Within …

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Serving Temperature Effects On Milk Flavor, Milk Aftertaste, And Volatile-Compound Quantification In Nonfat And Whole Milk, L.L. Francis, S.H. Kong, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon Jan 2004

Serving Temperature Effects On Milk Flavor, Milk Aftertaste, And Volatile-Compound Quantification In Nonfat And Whole Milk, L.L. Francis, S.H. Kong, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Many people seem to prefer to drink milk when it is cold. Research describing flavor and aftertaste of milk, and then correlating these traits with their chemical composition, has not previously been done. The objectives of this study were to describe milk flavor and aftertaste by using a descriptive sensory panel and to quantify the headspace volatiles of nonfat and whole milk as a function of serving temperature. Headspace volatile compounds of milk samples served at 40°F and 60°F were quantified by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis, with a 75-μm Carboxen- PDMS fiber, sampling milk at 140oF for 30 minutes, …

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Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner Jan 2004

Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows were arranged in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin Square design to evaluate the effect of soaking frequency and volume of water per soaking on lactating cows housed in a tunnel-ventilated and evaporative-cooled freestall barn. Rectal temperature, respiration rate, and body surface temperatures were measured every 5 minutes. Treatments were: control (C); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.26 gallons (5L); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.53 gallons (5H); soaking every 10 minutes with 0.26 gallons (10L); or soaking every 10 minutes with 0.53 gallons (10H). Average ambient temperature and humidity were 86.5ºF and 68% outside …

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Inseminations At Estrus Induced By The Presynch Protocol Before Timed Artification Insemination (2004), A.P. Phatak, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2004

Inseminations At Estrus Induced By The Presynch Protocol Before Timed Artification Insemination (2004), A.P. Phatak, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A controlled field study examined conception rates after two timed-AI (TAI) breeding protocols conducted on two commercial dairy farms. Estrous cycles in postpartum lactating cows were presynchronized with two injections of PGF2" given 14 days apart (Presynch) and then, after 12 days, the standard Ovsynch protocol (injection of GnRH 7 days before and 48 h after an injection of PGF2", with one TAI at 12 to 16 hours after the second GnRH injection) or Heatsynch protocol (injection of GnRH 7 days before an injection of PGF2", followed 24 h later by 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and one TAI …

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Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic Jan 2004

Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lactating dairy cattle were used to evaluate three different cooling systems. Eight cows were arranged in a replicated Latinsquare design and assigned to each of four treatments. Treatments were control, lowpressure soaking (LPS), high-pressure misting with 1.7 gallons per minute of water (HP-1.7), or high-pressure misting with 3.4 gallons per minute of water (HP-3.4). Cows were allowed to become heat stressed in a free-stall facility, and then were moved to a tie-stall barn for 2 hours of observations during four hot and humid afternoons. Respiration rates declined when heat abatement systems were used. Respiration rates at the end of the …

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Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Differing Levels And Direction Of Supplemental Airflow (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic Jan 2004

Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Differing Levels And Direction Of Supplemental Airflow (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seven heat-stressed, lactating Holstein cows were exposed to six different cooling systems to evaluate the effects of air velocity and direction of airflow. Cows were arranged in a 7 x 7 Latin-square design. Six cooling treatments were compared with a control. Supplemental airflow was provided by axial flow at one of three velocities: 500, 750, or 900 cubic feet per minute (CFM). Airflow was either from the front to rear (FRT) or from the right side (SIDE) of the cow. Combined cooling treatments were FRT-500, FRT- 750, FRT-900, SIDE-500, SIDE-750, or SIDE-900. All cooling systems used a lowpressure soaking system …

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K-State Turfgrass Research 2004, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2004

K-State Turfgrass Research 2004, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Turfgrass Research 2004 contains results of projects done by K-State faculty and graduate students. Some of these results will be presented at the Kansas Turfgrass Field Day at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center in Manhattan on August 5. The enclosed articles present summaries of research projects have been recently completed, or will be completed in the next year or two. Specifically, this yearʼs report presents summaries of research on environmental stresses, turfgrass establishment and culture, and cultivar evaluations.

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Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2004 Jan 2004

Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2004

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report of agricultural research from Southwest Research-Extension Center of Kansas State University.

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Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" by members of the media, found its way into the United States and was diagnosed in December, 2003, in a Holstein dairy cow of Canadian origin. A significant disruption to the beef cattle industry immediately followed the announcement of this finding; within a matter of weeks, however, a degree of normalcy began to return to the industry. When consumers and cattle producers alike learned of the extensive firewall system that had been put in place years earlier by the USDA and the FDA to reduce the likelihood of entry of this disease …

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Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We developed an in vitro assay to assess ruminal availability of protein in liquid feeds containing soluble protein/nitrogen. Microbial mass accumulating as a result of assimilation of dietary nitrogen by ruminal microbes during an in vitro fermentation is measured. In the assay, microbial growth is most limited by the availability of protein/nitrogen, so microbial mass is proportional to the amount of available nitrogen in the sample. In liquid feeds that we generated in the laboratory, ruminal nitrogen availability decreased in response to mild heating, and the decline was greater for feedstuffs containing true protein rather than urea. Addition of salt …

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Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers (2004), G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers (2004), G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy level on amino acid utilization in growing steers. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (503 lb) were limit-fed (6.2 lb/day dry matter) a diet based on soybean hulls (83%), wheat straw (7.6%), and cane molasses (4.1%). The treatments consisted of the infusion of two methionine levels (0 or 3 g/d) and three energy levels (0, 1.3, or 2.6 Mcal ME/day) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Energy was supplied through ruminal infusion of acetate, propionate, and butyrate and through abomasal infusion of glucose and fat in increasing amounts. …

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Effects Of Ammonia Load On Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers (2004), M.S. Awawdeh, K.C. Mccuistion, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

Effects Of Ammonia Load On Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers (2004), M.S. Awawdeh, K.C. Mccuistion, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ruminally cannulated steers were used in two experiments to study effects of rumen ammonia load on methionine and leucine utilization. All steers were limit-fed a diet based on soybean hulls, received ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and abomasal infusions of glucose to provide energy, and received an abomasal infusion containing a mixture of all essential amino acids except methionine in Exp. 1 or leucine in Exp. 2. Treatments were arranged as 3 x 2 factorials and included urea (0, 40, or 80 g/day) infused ruminally and methionine (2 or 5 g/day) infused abomasally in Exp. 1 and leucine (0, …

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Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics (2004), Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics (2004), Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six hundred sixty-five crossbred beef heifers initially weighing 495 lb were used to evaluate rectal temperature and plasma glucose, lactate, and urea nitrogen at initial processing as indicators of health status of newly arrived receiving cattle. We also evaluated the relationship between bovine respiratory disease (BRD), weight gain, and carcass characteristics. An increased number of treatments for BRD was associated with lower (linear, P<0.01) plasma glucose and lactate concentrations at initial processing. Elevated rectal temperatures at initial processing were associated with a greater number of treatments for BRD (linear, P<0.03). Initial body weight, final body weight, and average daily gain during the receiving period were progressively less (linear, P<0.01) as the number of treatments for BRD increased, whereas grazing-period gain was progressively greater with more frequent treatment for BRD during the receiving period (linear, P<0.01). Finishing-period gain, final body weight, hot carcass weight, fat thickness, and marbling score were linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increased treatmentfor BRD during the receiving period. These data suggest that initial plasma glucose and lactate concentrations might be associated with the health of newly arrived receiving cattle and that increased incidence of BRD in cattle is associated with lower weight gain and carcass quality.

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Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels (2004), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels (2004), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred thirteen Hereford x Angus heifer calves (average weight = 515 lb) were allotted to one of three treatments: 1) control, no vaccine; 2) a 2-cc subcutaneous injection of One-Shot® (Pfizer Animal Health), a Mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica vaccine, three weeks before weaning; or 3) a ½-cc intradermal injection of One-Shot, three weeks before weaning. All heifers were weighed and blood samples harvested at time of injection, three weeks later at weaning, and then 28 days later. After weaning, heifers were confined to a common pen and fed free-choice brome hay and approximately 5 lb/head daily of a concentrate. Blood …

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Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga (2004), A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger Jan 2004

Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga (2004), A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recently, a new product, Eazi-Breed CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone), was approved for estrus synchronization in beef heifers. In previous studies the CIDR has produced excellent estrus synchrony, but it is more costly than the commonly used progestin, melengestrol acetate (MGA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the CIDR to MGA in a shorter-term timed breeding program. Seventy-seven commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned to one of two treatments, CIDR (n=38) or MGA (n=39). Each heifer in the CIDR treatment group received a CIDR on day 1, which was removed on day 7. The MGA treatment …

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Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier Jan 2004

Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield similar fertility rates to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether an injection of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) at CIDR (vaginal insert containing progesterone) insertion enhances pregnancy rates. Replacement beef heifers (n=2,077) from 12 locations were assigned randomly to each of four estrussynchronization protocols. All heifers received a CIDR for 7 days, and an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on the day of CIDR removal. For treatment EAI, heifers were observed for estrus for 84 hours after PGF administration and were inseminated 6 to 12 hours …

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Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers (2004), Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers (2004), Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Transfer factors are antigen-specific products of T lymphocytes that are capable of transferring delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. We evaluated bovine transfer factor (TF) for use in receiving cattle. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 665) initially weighing 495 lb were used to determine the effects of TF on the health and performance of beef cattle during a 36-day receiving period. Heifers were processed within 24 hours after arrival. Treatments were subcutaneous injection with 1.5 ml of Micotil®/100 lb of body weight or oral administration of 700 mg of TF isolated from bovine colostrum. Heifers given TF during initial processing received …

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Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan (2004), B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan (2004), B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan growth-promoting implants were compared in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation (Ward Feed Yard; Larned, Kansas) to evaluate effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred steers (n=1843; 827 lb body weight) were implanted with either Component TE-S or Component TE-S with Tylan and were fed a finishing ration based on steam-flaked corn for an average of 116 days before slaughter. Cattle were assigned randomly to the implant treatments at processing and were allotted to 12 pens, containing an average of 154 steers each. No differences were detected in dry matter …

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Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers (2004), R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston Jan 2004

Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers (2004), R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted at the KSU Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center, Hays, Kansas, to measure feedlot gain and carcass traits of serially slaughtered, yearling crossbred heifers. In Exp. 1, 159 heifers averaging 792 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at 21-day intervals beginning at 92 days on feed. In Exp. 2, 181 heifers averaging 759 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at intervals of 19, 23 and 21 day, respectively, starting at 127 days. In both experiments, final weight, gain, and carcass weight increased with …

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Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs (2004), E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh Jan 2004

Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs (2004), E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Commercial cow/calf pairs (Angus based, n=103) were used to determine the effect of calf weaning age on cow body weight and body condition score (scale=1 to 9) and calf performance in terms of subcutaneous fat and marbling deposition. Only cows with male progeny (steers, n=52; bulls, n=51) were used in this study. Treatments were: 1) early-weaned bulls, 2) early-weaned steers, 3) traditionally weaned bulls, and 4) traditionally weaned steers. Cow/calf pairs grazed pastures at four different locations. Calving began February 1, 2003, and ended in early April. In the early-weaned treatment group, calves were weaned June 25, with an average …

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Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline (2004), D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline (2004), D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-four Anaplasma marginale seropositive cows from a herd of 236 were allocated to treatments: 5 animals served as untreated controls, and 29 animals were treated with three injections of long-acting oxytetracycline at three-day intervals. Fourteen days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 89% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Seventyfour days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 86% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Use of injectable long-acting oxytetracycline was not effective in eliminating the carrier state of Anaplasma marginale from infected animals.

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Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick Jan 2004

Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether inclusion of a CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone) in protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α(PGF) would enhance fertility. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 2,630) from 14 locations were assigned randomly to each of five estrus-synchronization protocols using PGF with GnRH and(or) a CIDR. Protocols were Control, CO-Synch, COSynch+ CIDR, Hybrid-Synch, and Hybrid-Synch+CIDR. The percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of estrus synchronization was 66.8%, the percentage of cycling cows …

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Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots (2004), M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee Jan 2004

Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots (2004), M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During times of heavy infestations by birds, feedlots can have 25 to 30% increases in feed usage, thereby resulting in large economic losses. Because starlings, blackbirds, grackles, and other avian pests normally feed during daylight hours, we hypothesized that feeding cattle at night would minimize feed contamination and feed loss due to bird infestation. Crossbred beef heifers (n=96; 770 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding at night on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed for 107 days during the months of November to March, when large bird populations were observed. Feed was delivered once daily at …

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Influence Of Fall Protein Supplementation With A Self-Fed Liquid Supplement On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass Prairie Range (2004), Donald A. Llewellyn, B.T. Gray, T.T. Marston, C.A. Bandyk Jan 2004

Influence Of Fall Protein Supplementation With A Self-Fed Liquid Supplement On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass Prairie Range (2004), Donald A. Llewellyn, B.T. Gray, T.T. Marston, C.A. Bandyk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effect of providing a liquid, high-protein supplement during the fall grazing period on beef cow and calf performance. Mature, pregnant, spring-calving cows (n=122) grazing native range were assigned to supplementation treatments. All calves were weaned on October 15. Control cows received no fall supplementation and then were handfed a dry supplement (40% crude protein; as fed basis) from December 17 until calving. Supplemented cows were either allowed access to a liquid protein supplement (40% crude protein; as-fed basis) approximately 2 months before weaning until calving (fall supplementation from August 14 to December 17) or from weaning until …

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