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- Cattle (3)
- Selection (3)
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- Growth (2)
- Heritability (2)
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- Genetic Analysis (1)
- Genotype by environment interaction (1)
- Hevea brasiliensis (1)
- Litter Size (1)
- Mice (1)
- Milk production (1)
- Mixed Model Method (1)
- Nitrogen Retention (1)
- Pedigree (1)
- Pigs. Body Composition (1)
- Reproductive Traits (1)
Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Errors In Pedigree On Three Methods Of Estimating Breeding Value For Litter Size, Backfat And Average Daily Gain In Swine, T. E. Long, R. K. Johnson, J. W. Keele
Effects Of Errors In Pedigree On Three Methods Of Estimating Breeding Value For Litter Size, Backfat And Average Daily Gain In Swine, T. E. Long, R. K. Johnson, J. W. Keele
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Estimated breeding value (EBV) was calculated based on either individual phenotype (SP), an index of individual phenotype and full- and half-sib family averages (SI) or Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Calculations were done with correct data or data with 5, 10, 15 or 20% of the records per generation containing pedigree errors. Traits considered were litter size (LS), backfat (BF) and average daily gain (ADG). When data were correct, BLUP resulted in an advantage in expected genetic gain over SP of 22, 7.2 or 30.8% for LS, BF and ADG, respectively, and over SI of 9.6, 3.8 or 21.4%. When …
Alternative Methods Of Selection For Litter Size In Mice: I. Characterization Of Base Population And Development Of Methods, A. C. Clutter, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. K. Johnson
Alternative Methods Of Selection For Litter Size In Mice: I. Characterization Of Base Population And Development Of Methods, A. C. Clutter, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. K. Johnson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Studies on a base population of mice were used to establish an index of components of litter size and a physiological model for measuring uterine capacity to be used subsequently in a selection experiment evaluating alternative methods for practicing selection to increase litter size. Heritability estimates of litter size, ovulation rate and ova success (fraction of ova resulting in fully formed pups) were .18, .33 and .15, respectively. No significant genetic or phenotypic correlation was found between overall ovulation rate and ova success. Phenotypic means and genetic variances were higher for characteristics measured on the right than on the left …
Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 1. Genetic Parameters For First And Second Lactation Milk Yields Of Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck
Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 1. Genetic Parameters For First And Second Lactation Milk Yields Of Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Genetic and environmental (co)variance components for 4% FCM yield were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade cows from herds stratified by within-herd SD for 305d mature equivalent milk and time period. Data were lactation records from 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI b d s that calved for the first time from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas.
Sire and residual variance components for FCM increased with SD in all time periods and were slightly larger for second than for first lactations. Residual components were of uniform size across time periods within each SD class, but sire components …
Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 2. Genetic Relationships Between Milk Yield And Calving Interval In Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck
Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 2. Genetic Relationships Between Milk Yield And Calving Interval In Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances for mature equivalent yield of 4% FCM and calving interval were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade Holstein cows in first and second parity. Data were 305d mature equivalent lactation records and calving dates for 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI sires first calving from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas. Data were divided into three time periods, and herds were partitioned into three within-herd-year phenotypic SD classifications for milk yield. Average FCM yield and calving interval increased with SD in all time periods for both parities. Genetic variance of calving interval showed no …
Alternative Animal Models With Maternal Effects And Foster Dams, L. Dale Van Vleck
Alternative Animal Models With Maternal Effects And Foster Dams, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Effects of foster dams can be included in genetic evaluations using animal models with maternal effects in several ways. The alternatives discussed involve minor changes in computing strategies from strategies used with reduced animal models that predict breeding values for direct and maternal effects. The easiest alternative is to assign foster dams to groups by breed and time period and add equations for fixed effects of breed-period. Random and, assumed, independent effects of foster dams can be nested in breed-period groups. If foster dams do not repeat. then those effects can be absorbed into equations for other fixed effects, additive …
Twinning In Cattle: 111. Effects Of Twinning On Dystocia, Reproductive Traits, Calf Survival, Calf Growth And Cow Productivity, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Twinning In Cattle: 111. Effects Of Twinning On Dystocia, Reproductive Traits, Calf Survival, Calf Growth And Cow Productivity, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
An evaluation of natural twinning in beef cattle revealed that cows birthing twins had shorter (P < .0l) gestation lengths, more (P < .0l) retained placentas, more (P < .01) dystocia, more (P < .0l) days to estrus, lower (P < .0l) conception rates and more (P < .01) days to pregnancy than cows birthing singles. Days to estrus, conception rate and days to pregnancy were not affected by number of calves reared (1 vs 2) in cows birthing twins. Survival at birth was greater (P < .0l) for single- than for twin-born calves, but twins and singles did not differ (P > .05) in postnatal survival. When dystocia was experienced, calf survival at birth was 95% vs 73% for singles vs twins compared with 99% vs 92% when no dystocia was experienced. Calves born twins were lighter (P < .01) at birth, 100 d and 200 d, but twins and singles did not differ in postweaning gains. Total calf weights at 100 d per cow calving were 12% greater (P < .01) in cows birthing twins vs singles when twin calves reared by foster dams were! excluded. The potential increase in cow productivity for total calf weight at 100 d is 40% if calf survival rates of twins with dystocia relative to survival rates of twins without dystocia were comparable to survival rates of singles with and without dystocia, and if cows birthing twins were fed and managed to obtain conception rates equal to those of cows birthing singles. Identification of cows gestating twins to provide for their higher prepartum nutritive requirements and calving assistance at parturition is necessary to make twinning in cattle an economically viable technology.
Absorption Of Equations For Non-Parents For An Animal Model With Maternal Effects And Genetic Groups, L. Dale Van Vleck
Absorption Of Equations For Non-Parents For An Animal Model With Maternal Effects And Genetic Groups, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Rules for forming the mixed-model equations for the reduced animal model with all relationships and including maternal effects have been set out by Quaas and Pollak. They also have shown how to simplify the mixed-model equations when genetic group effects are included in the model with what has become known as the Q-P transformation. Westell has given rules for calculating the coefficients for the Q-P transformed equations that are associated with the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix and genetic group effects. Those rules can be extended to include maternal effects and genetic groups for maternal as well as direct …
Nutritive Value Of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) Meal: Utilization By Growing Pigs Of Semipurified Diets In Which Rubber Seed Meal Partially Replaced Soybean Meal, G. M. Babatunde, W. G. Pond, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Nutritive Value Of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) Meal: Utilization By Growing Pigs Of Semipurified Diets In Which Rubber Seed Meal Partially Replaced Soybean Meal, G. M. Babatunde, W. G. Pond, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Thirty-six four-way cross (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire) growing bmws and gilts were used to investigate the effects of replacing graded levels of protein from soybean meal with equivalent levels of protein from rubber seed meal in 16% CP semipurified diets on the performance characteristics, hematocrit, plasma metabolites and N utilization of pigs.
Breeding Value Prediction With Maternal Genetic Groups, L. Dale Van Vleck
Breeding Value Prediction With Maternal Genetic Groups, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
For models with only additive direct genetic effects, the rules of Westell combined with the Q-P transformation can be used to calculate the coefficients of mixed-model equations corresponding to the inverse elements of the numerator relationship matrix and group effects that are used to account for selection on ancestors that do not have records. Groups generally can be assigned on the basis of most recent ancestors without records. When maternal effects are in the model, most recent female ancestors without records contribute maternal effects to their progeny. If the vectors for additive direct and maternal effects do not include the …
Twinning In Cattle: Ii. Genetic And Environmental Effects On Ovulation Rate In Puberal Heifers And Postpartum Cows And The Effects Of Ovulation Rate On Embryonic Survival, S.E. Echternkamp, K. E. Gregory, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Twinning In Cattle: Ii. Genetic And Environmental Effects On Ovulation Rate In Puberal Heifers And Postpartum Cows And The Effects Of Ovulation Rate On Embryonic Survival, S.E. Echternkamp, K. E. Gregory, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The potential of ovulation rate before 18 to 21 mo of age in puberal heifers as an indirect selection criterion for twinning rate was considered. Heritability (h2) was .07 ± .03 for single observations and .34 ± .18 for the mean of 7.9 estrous cycles per heifer. Estimated repeatability (r) of ovulation rate was ≤h2, indicating negligible permanent environmental effects. Expected h2 for mean ovulation rate (assuming h2 = r = .07 for single observations) for increasing numbers of estrous cycles would be as follows: 4, .23; 6, .31; 8, .38; and 10, .43. …
Genotype By Environment Interactions For Milk And Fat Production Across Regions Of The United States, M. J. Carabano, K. M. Wade, L. Dale Van Vleck
Genotype By Environment Interactions For Milk And Fat Production Across Regions Of The United States, M. J. Carabano, K. M. Wade, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
(Co)variance components for regional production of milk, fat, and fat percentage were estimated via multiple-trait REML using DHIA data from California, New York, and Wisconsin. Data consisted of registered and grade first lactation yields of Holstein cattle from 1970 through 1984. Records were limited to daughters from sires common to the pairs of states analyzed. Averaged numbers of records from California, New York, and Wisconsin were 419,185, 460,296, and 449,866. Genetic correlations between New York and Wisconsin for milk, fat, and fat percentage (.99, .98, and .99) were larger than those between California and New York (.95, .95, and .98) …
Differences In Cathepsin B + L And Calcium-Dependent Protease Activities Among Breed Type And Their Relationship To Beef Tenderness, M. Johnson, Chris R. Calkins, R. D. Huffman, D. D. Johnson, D. D. Hargrove
Differences In Cathepsin B + L And Calcium-Dependent Protease Activities Among Breed Type And Their Relationship To Beef Tenderness, M. Johnson, Chris R. Calkins, R. D. Huffman, D. D. Johnson, D. D. Hargrove
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Activities of acidic proteases (cathepsin B + L) and neutral, calcium-dependent proteases (CDP) were quantified to determine whether differences in proteolytic activity could explain differences in meat tenderness among breed types. Steers (n = 32) of known percentage Angus (A) and Brahman (B) breeding were used to establish differences in meat tendemess (A; 3/4A-1/4B; 1/2A-1/2B; 1/4A-3/4B). Samples were removed from the longissimus muscle within 1 h postmortem and within 2 h were frozen for subsequent determination of cathepsin B + L, CDP-I, CDP-II and CDP-inhibitor activities. Warner- Bratzler shear (WBS) was assessed after 1, 5 and 10 d of postmortem …
Myofibrillar Protein Turnover In Feed-Restricted And Realimented Beef Cattle, Steven J. Jones, D. Starkey, Chris R. Calkins, J.D. Crouse
Myofibrillar Protein Turnover In Feed-Restricted And Realimented Beef Cattle, Steven J. Jones, D. Starkey, Chris R. Calkins, J.D. Crouse
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feed restriction and repletion on myofibrillar protein turnover in cattle. Crossbred steer calves (n = 12) about 310 d of age were assigned randomly to a diet of corn and silage that was 1) provided ad libitum for 146 d (ALC) or 2) restricted so steers gained .2 kg/d for 80 d but received ad libitum access to feed thereafter for 66 d (RFC). At 27, 55, 97, 118 and 146 d a 24-h urine sample and a blood sample were obtained. Urine was analyzed for Nτ-methylhistidine …
Efficacy Of The Urea Dilution Technique In Estimating Empty Body Composition Of Pigs Weighing 50 Kilograms, L. I. Chiba, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Efficacy Of The Urea Dilution Technique In Estimating Empty Body Composition Of Pigs Weighing 50 Kilograms, L. I. Chiba, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The efficacy of the urea dilution technique in estimating the empty body composition of pigs weighing 50 kg was evaluated in three trials using 17 contemporary (Large White x Landrace x Hampshire x Duroc) and 8 Nebraska Gene Pool x contemporary pigs. Blood samples were collected via ear catheter before infusion (-60, -30 and 0 min) and at various times (3 to 90 min) after urea infusion (2.16 mmol/kg live BW), and analyzed for plasma urea. Backfat thickness of live pigs from the contemporary line was measured ultrasonically. Pigs then were killed by euthanasic injection. and total bodies (with gastrointestinal …
Twinning In Cattle: 1. Foundation Animals And Genetic And Environmental Effects On Winning Rate, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Twinning In Cattle: 1. Foundation Animals And Genetic And Environmental Effects On Winning Rate, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Foundation cows were selected using prior records from one of two sources, private herds or other projects at the Research Center. Comparing twinning rates before and after selection, the repeatability was lower for those from the fist (.08) than for those from the second (.16) source with a combined value of .12. Realized heritability of single-parity twinning rate estimated from selection of parents and response in daughters of foundation females was .06. Paternal half-sib estimate of heritability of twinning rate was .02 ± .07. Estimates of repeatability computed from calving records of females born in the project indicate that permanent …