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1990

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Articles 1 - 21 of 21

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Defoliation Effects On Production And Morphological Development Of Little Bluestem, J. J. Mullahey, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller Nov 1990

Defoliation Effects On Production And Morphological Development Of Little Bluestem, J. J. Mullahey, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Response of key warm-season grasses to time, frequency, and duration of defoliation is needed to develop grazing systems for the Nebraska Sandhills. A 3- year (1986 to 1988) study was conducted on a Valentine fine sand (mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamments) at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman, Nebraska, to determine the effect of defoliation on little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash]. Treatments were: 1 defoliation (to 7 cm) on 10 June, 10 July, or 10 Aug.; 2 defoliations on 10 June and 10 Aug.; and 3 defoliations on 10 June, 10 July, and 10 Aug. Control plants were harvested …

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Warm-Season Grass Establishment As Affected By Post-Planting Atrazine Application, C. C. Bahler, Lowell E. Moser, T. Griffin, Kenneth P. Vogel Sep 1990

Warm-Season Grass Establishment As Affected By Post-Planting Atrazine Application, C. C. Bahler, Lowell E. Moser, T. Griffin, Kenneth P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] provides effective weed control during big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatrum L.) establishment. However, most other desirable warm-season grasses are susceptible to atrazine injury at establishment. The objective of this study was to determine if atrazine applications after seedling would affect susceptible warm-season grass establishment. Big bluestem, switchgrass, Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] were needed into greenhouse flats or field plots and 2.2 kg a.i. atrazine/ha applied at 0 (atrazine control), 7, 14, or 21 days after …

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Registration Of 15 Germplasm Lines Of Grain Sorghum And Sweet Sorghum, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson May 1990

Registration Of 15 Germplasm Lines Of Grain Sorghum And Sweet Sorghum, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four inbred lines (N97-N100) and 11 pairs of A and B (male-sterile and maintainer) lines (N101-N111) of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. The lines contain one or more traits that may have value for use in producing hybrids and/or conducting breeding and management studies. All A-lines have milo (A1) cytoplasm.

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Registration Of 10 Sudangrass Inbred Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of 10 Sudangrass Inbred Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Ten pairs of A and B (male-sterile and maintainer) inbred lines (N112 to N121, Reg. no. GP 261 to 270, PI 535797 to 535806)of sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. The major objective in the development of these lines was reduction in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) to facilitate the production of sudangrass hybrids low in HCN-p. While good progress in lowering HCN-p has been made in most lines, some still exceed the level found in 'Piper' sudangrass …

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Registration Of Np36 And Np37, Two Random-Mating Grain Sorghum Populations Selected For Reduced Dhurrin Content, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson, A. Sotomayor-Rios May 1990

Registration Of Np36 And Np37, Two Random-Mating Grain Sorghum Populations Selected For Reduced Dhurrin Content, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson, A. Sotomayor-Rios

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP36 and NP37 grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Reg. no. GP-244 and GP-245; PI 535780 and PI 535781), two random-mating populations of grain sorghum, were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. Both populations were selected for reduced dhurrin content, and they have potential value as sources of A- and B-lines of grain sorghum for use in producing low-dhurrin sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. NP37 also contains the bmr-6 gene for brown midribs and, therefore, may be useful in producing sorghum-sudangrass or forage sorghum hybrids with brown midribs.

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Registration Of Np33 Np34 And Np35 Three Broadly Based Random-Mating Populations Of Sudangrass, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of Np33 Np34 And Np35 Three Broadly Based Random-Mating Populations Of Sudangrass, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP33, NP34, and NP35 Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-241, GP-242, and GP-243; PI 535777, PI 535778, and PI 535779) are three related random-mating populations that were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. These populations represent a broad range of genetic diversity for a variety of agronomic traits and dhurrin level, and NP34 and NP35 contain the ms3 gene for male sterility.

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Registration Of Np30, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Regrowth Potential, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of Np30, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Regrowth Potential, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP30 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-238, PI 535774) is a low-dhurrin, random-mating population developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. The population was released in April 1989. NP30 was synthesized from 85 S1 families selected from a total of 757 families that were evaluated for regrowth potential. The germplasm sources evaluated included 50 S1 families from the NP25(3) sudangrass population, 90 from NP28(2), 284 from NP29(4), 200 from NP31(5), 50 from NP32(5), and 83 S1 families from miscellaneous breeding lines low in dhurrin. The …

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Registration Of Np29, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Tolerance To Early Spring Seeding, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of Np29, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Tolerance To Early Spring Seeding, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP29 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-237, PI 535773) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and was released in April 1989. Germplasm sources involved in the synthesis of this population included 10 low-dhurrin sudangrass populations, seven of which contained the ms3 gene for genetic male-sterility. Included were NP23(2); NP25(3); NP32(4); three experimental populations that were composited to make up NP31(4); an unreleased population; and three populations representing Cycle 0, Cycle I, and Cycle 2 from an earlier selection experiment to improve tolerance to early spring …

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Registration Of Np28 Sudangrass Germplasm, A Composite Of 90 Low-Dhurrin Self-Pollinated Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of Np28 Sudangrass Germplasm, A Composite Of 90 Low-Dhurrin Self-Pollinated Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP28 Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-236, PI 535772), a population developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, was released in April 1989. NP28 is a composite consisting of equal quantities of seed of 90 low-dhurrin, highly self-pollinated lines of sudangrass. Each of the lines was derived by seven or more generations of selfing following one or more crosses among seven sources of sudangrass germplasm. The sources included low-dhurrin selections from 'Piper'; low-dhurrin breeding lines from the University of Wisconsin; two sudangrass B-lines (maintainers for A1 cytoplasm) …

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Registration Of Np31 And Np32 Two Populations Of Sudangrass Selected For Low Dhurrin Content, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel May 1990

Registration Of Np31 And Np32 Two Populations Of Sudangrass Selected For Low Dhurrin Content, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP31 and NP32 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no.GP-239 and GP-240; PI 535775 and PI 535776), two populations developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, were released in April 1989. These populations are potential sources of low-dhurrin germplasm for public and private sudangrass breeding programs. NP31 also contains the ms3 gene for genetic male sterility and NP32 may be a source of sudangrass B-lines.

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Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert Apr 1990

Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Samples of soil, mulch, and the soil/mulch interface zone were collected from commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fields typical in their use of mulch under Arkansas conditions. Mulches included J-year-old hardwood sawdust, 5-year-old hardwood sawdust, and 1-year-old pine needle mulch. Herbicide adsorption (Kd values) of the samples was determined for diuron, terbacil, and simazine. The soils, mulches, and interfaces adsorbed nearly 10 times as much diuron and more than twice as much simazine as terbacil. Adsorption of the herbicides was three to five times greater to the mulches than to the soils. Adsorption was significantly correlated with the …

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Improvement Of Carrot Stands With Plant Biostimulants And Fluid Drilling, Douglas C. Sanders, Jacqueline A. Ricotta, Laurie Hodges Feb 1990

Improvement Of Carrot Stands With Plant Biostimulants And Fluid Drilling, Douglas C. Sanders, Jacqueline A. Ricotta, Laurie Hodges

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

We determined if application of certain naturally occurring compounds would stimulate emergence, growth, and development of carrot (Daucus carota L.). The commercially available biostimulants Agro-Lig, Enersol (humic acids), and Ergostim (folic acid) were added at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v) to Laponite 508 (magnesium sulfate) gel used in fluid drilling. Agro-Lig, Enersol and Ergostim increased carrot emergence >2-fold as measured by number of roots as compared to untreated seed. Number of carrots increased 50% to 75% when biostimulants were incorporated into the gel, compared to fluid-drilled seed without the biostimulants. When biostimulants were applied as a drench over untreated …

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Evaluation Of Seeding Rates Of Au Triumph And Endophyte-Infected Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. M. Ball Jan 1990

Evaluation Of Seeding Rates Of Au Triumph And Endophyte-Infected Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. M. Ball

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increased difficulty in stand establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has been reported by producers since the introduction of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan Jones and Gams)-free tall fescue seed into the market place. This has encouraged the use of higher seeding rates for endophyte-free tall fescue without scientific basis. The objective of this study was to determine whether ‘AU Triumph’, and endophyte-free cultivar, and endophyte-infected ‘Kentucky 31’ differ in minimum seeding rates for successful establishment. Experiments were established at two locations in each of two years, using a randomized complete block with four replications. Soils at the two locations …

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Fescues With Large Roots Are Drought Tolerant, H. A. Torbert, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen Jan 1990

Fescues With Large Roots Are Drought Tolerant, H. A. Torbert, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Consideration of root/soil interactions is essential in, adapting tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to soil and climatic conditions of the Coastal Plain region of the southeast. Sandy soils of the region are very susceptible to the formation of hardpans. These compacted layers often restrict plant root development to the plow layer (0 to 6 in.) and prevent plant roots from reaching available moisture and nutrients in the subsoil horizons. Plants grown under these conditions are shallow rooted and will be subjected to water stress up to 50% of the time during the growing season. Although implements are available to penetrate …

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A Review Of The Agronomic Characteristics Of Endophyte-Free And Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. D. Lacefield, D. M. Ball Jan 1990

A Review Of The Agronomic Characteristics Of Endophyte-Free And Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. D. Lacefield, D. M. Ball

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agronomic differences between endophyte- (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan Jones and Gams) free and endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) exist, and should be considered when implementing a management strategy. Although dry matter yield of tall fescue does not generally appear to be influenced by endophyte infection status, endophyte infection has been shown to improve seedling performance and survival, is associated with insect and nematode resistance, drought resistance, improved nitrogen assimilation, and higher seed set. Considering all biologically valuable characters of the endophyte-tall fescue relationship, survival of endophyte-infected tall fescue is probably better than that of endophyte-free tall fescue, especially in drought- …

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Heritability Of Root Characteristics Affecting Mineral Uptake In Tall Fescue, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. C. Kingery Jan 1990

Heritability Of Root Characteristics Affecting Mineral Uptake In Tall Fescue, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. C. Kingery

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modification of plant roots can potentially increase the area. of adaptation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Limited information is available on the heritability of root diameter and root volume in tall fescue. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with'50 random 'Kentucky 31' (Ky-31) tall fescue parents and their progeny grown in aerated nutrient solution during four separate time intervals. Measurements of root volume, root diameter, shoot Mg concentration, and shoot K/(Mg + Ca) ratio were made six weeks after clonal material was transplanted in nutrient solution. Heritability estimates for root volume, root diameter, shoot Mg concentration, and shoot K/(Mg …

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Sulfur Deficiency In Poinsettia, Mary E. Dale, Ellen T. Paparozzi, James D. Carr Jan 1990

Sulfur Deficiency In Poinsettia, Mary E. Dale, Ellen T. Paparozzi, James D. Carr

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cuttings of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch ‘Dark Red Annette Hegg’ were grown hydroponically in minus S Hoagland’s solution modified to supply 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg S/liter for 8 weeks. Nutrient solution changes; visual observations, sampling of tissue, and measurement of electrical conductivity and pH were done every 2 weeks. Deficiency symptoms appeared after 4 weeks of growth in treatments supplying 0 or 1 mg S/liter and occasionally in treatments supplying 2 mg S/liter. Symptoms included reddening of the petiole and main vein of new leaves followed by yellowing of these leaves. Leaf tissue S levels ranged …

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Stability Of Iaa And Iba In Nutrient Medium To Several Tissue Culture Procedures, Scott Nissen, Ellen Sutter Jan 1990

Stability Of Iaa And Iba In Nutrient Medium To Several Tissue Culture Procedures, Scott Nissen, Ellen Sutter

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The relative stabilities of IAA and IBA under various tissue culture procedures were determined. IBA was significantly more stable than IAA to autoclaving. IBA was also found to be more stable than IAA in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) under growth chamber conditions. The stabilities of IBA and IAA were similar in agar-solidified MS. Light provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs promoted degradation of IAA and IBA in both liquid and agar media. Activated charcoal in concentrations as high as 5% was found to adsorb more than 97% of IAA and IBA in liquid MS. These results have important implications …

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Rust Reaction And Pubescence In Alubia Beans, Haytham Z. Zaiter, Dermot P. Coyne, James R. Steadman Jan 1990

Rust Reaction And Pubescence In Alubia Beans, Haytham Z. Zaiter, Dermot P. Coyne, James R. Steadman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sixteen Alubia lines (15 with long, straight hairs and one with short, hooked hairs on trifoliolate leaves) derived from single-plant selections made in an Alubia landrace (Argentine) were used to evaluate the relation of abaxial leaf pubescence to reaction to rust in a greenhouse experiment. The pinto cultivar UI-114 (short, hooked hairs) was used as a susceptible check. One plant per pot, replicated six times, in a randomized complete-block design was used. The primary leaves and the sixth trifoliolates of all plants from 12- and 50-day-old plants, respectively, were inoculated with a water suspension of urediniospores (105 cells/ml) of rust …

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Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert Jan 1990

Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Samples of soil, mulch, and the soil/mulch interface zone were collected from commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fields typical in their use of mulch under Arkansas conditions. Mulches included 1-year-old hardwood sawdust, 5-year-old hardwood sawdust, and 1-year-old pine needle mulch. Herbicide adsorption (Kd values) of the samples was determined for diuron, terbacil, and simazine. The soils, mulches, and interfaces adsorbed nearly 10 times as much diuron and more than twice as much simazine as terbacil. Adsorption of the herbicides was three to five times greater to the mulches than to the soils. Adsorption was significantly correlated with the …

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Yield And Quality Response Of Subirrigated Meadow Vegetation To Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Sulfur Fertilizer, James T. Nichols, Patrick E. Reece, Gary W. Hergert, Lowell E. Moser Jan 1990

Yield And Quality Response Of Subirrigated Meadow Vegetation To Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Sulfur Fertilizer, James T. Nichols, Patrick E. Reece, Gary W. Hergert, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Production practices that increase hay yields are important for beef cattle producers in the Nebraska Sandhills. This study evaluated the responses of subirrigated meadow vegetation to fertilization with N, P, and S over a 4-yr period. A factorial array of four levels of N (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha-1), two levels of P (0 and 20 kg ha-1) and two levels of S (0 and 22 kg ha-1) were applied each year to the same plots, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Average dry matter yields were increased by N, P, …

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