Life Sciences Commons^™

Toxicology Of Synthetic Pyrethroids In Aquatic Organisms: An Overview, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats, D. M. Symonik, S. D. Dyer, L. K. Timson, G. J. Atchison

Steven P. Bradbury

The aquatic toxicology of the photostable synthetic pyrethroid insecticides as it affects two important groups of susceptible organisms — fish and aquatic insects — is discussed. The sensitivity of these aquatic species to the pyrethroids is dependent on several factors, including toxicokinetics, target site (nervous system), sensitivity and possible secondary mechanisms of action, as well as chemical and physical properties of the aquatic medium that influence toxicity and bioavailability. Uptake rates and routes of fenvalerate greatly affected the toxicity of fenvalerate to mosquito larvae. LD50 values were determined for cuticular and dietary exposure routes by utilizing radiolabeled fenvalerate at the …

Thermal Desorption Of Hazardous And Toxic Organic Compounds, Manuel S. Nolau

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to study the thermal desorption behavior of toxic organic compounds, specifically o-xylene, p-xylene, ethyl benzene, p-chlorotoluene, and anthracene, from soil with respect to temperature and time, and to develop a mathematical model that will describe this desorption behavior. The model will allow prediction of the concentration of an organic contaminant in commercial soil desorption system over time given a known set of parameters of the specific chemical as well as flow rate and temperature. For this purpose, two sets of experiments were done: These are identified as 1. Thermal desorption and 2. plug flow …

Study Of An Analytical Method For Benzo(A)Pyrene Metabolites In Human Urine, Zheng Ouyang

Theses

A method developed by Becher and Bjorseth for analysis of PAH metabolites in urine was employed to investigate human exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) - an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen. Preliminary results are presented showing the relationship between exposure to BaP and urinary elimination. Although the correlation between the two variables is not statistically significant, there appears to be a positive association with selected exposure varibles such as smoking. The identification of an association may establish urinary BaP as a marker of exposure.

However, detailed study of the analytical procedure indicated that recoveries with this method were as low as 3-8% for …

Microbial Competition In The Biodegradation Of Phenol, Mary Ellen Frank

Theses

Three phenol degraders were isolated from the mixed liquor of the Livingston, NJ municipal treatment plant. Shaker flask experiments using one of the degraders (a Pseudomonas sp.) resulted in the determination of its kinetic rate constants. The second phenol degrader (a Xanthamonas) lost its phenol degrading ability while being stored, and its kinetic rate constants could not be determined. The third phenol degrader (a Pseudomonas cepacia) formed flocs which interfered with the spectrophotometric determination of biomass and therefore its kinetic rate constants also could not be determined.

Mixed culture experiments were carried out using a the Pseudomonas sp. and a …

Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics Of Pyrethroid Insecticides In Fish, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats

Steven P. Bradbury

The pyrethroid insecticides are extremely toxic to fish, with 96—h LC50 values generally below 10 μg/L and i.p. and i.v. LD50 values below 20 mg/kg. Corresponding LD50 values in mammals and birds are in the range of several hundred to several thousand milligrams per kilogram. This review examines pyrethroid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in fish as critical factors associated with species selectivity. Studies with permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have established that rates of metabolism and elimination in rainbow trout are significantly lower than those reported for birds and mammals. Comparatively low lethal brain pyrethroid concentrations and nonneural aspects of pyrethroid intoxication …

Immunologic, Hematologic, And Endocrine Responses To Subacute And Subchronic Exposures To Graded, Subanesthetic Levels Of Nitrous Oxide In Cd-1 Mice, Charles E. Healy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) oxidizes vitamin B12. disrupting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Occupational exposures to subanesthetic levels of the gas have been documented that may result in suppressed proliferative cell activities. Male CD-I mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, and 5000 parts of N₂O per million parts of air (ppm) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 and 13 weeks. Splenic lymphocytes were assayed for responsiveness to mitogens and for the ability to produce interleukin-2 (lL-2) . Tritiated-thymidine ([³H]-TdR) uptake was measured in CD-I splenic lymphocytes cultured in a mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC). Cytolytic cell …

A Quantitative Assessment Of Minerals Of Toxicological Importance In Utah Fast Foods, Lisa R. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

X-ray flourescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) measurements for manganese, iron, copper, and zinc were compared for 96 samples of 21 foods from different sources. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 for manganese, 0.99 for iron, 0.93 for copper, and 0.91 for zinc for XRF vs. AAS determinations.

Similiar comparisons were performed on 228 samples of fast foods purchased in Utah retail outlets. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 for copper to 0.97 for iron and zinc. Comparisons of values generated by XRF for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and aluminum to values certified by the National Bureau of Standards indicated …

Selenium And Iron In The Rat Intestine: Effects On Lipid Peroxidation, Sileny Vega

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Effects of Fe and Se status on GSHPx activity and lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal mucosa were studied. Rats were Se and Fe supplemented (+Se+Fe), Se-deficient and Fe-supplemented (-Se+Fe), Se supplemented and Fe overloaded (+Se++Fe) by intramuscular injection, or Se deficient and Fe overloaded (-Se++Fe) for 20d. Fe overloaded tissues had more Fe, but hemoglobin was unaffected. Liver and mucosal GSHPx activity was low in Se-deficient rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in Fe overloaded and -Se++Fe vs +Se++Fe tissues. Mucosal TBARS was higher in -Se++Fe rats gavaged with CBrCl₃. In experiment 2, Fe overload …

Use Of Respiratory-Cardiovascular Responses Of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) In Identifying Acute Toxicity Syndromes In Fish: Part 3. Polar Narcotics, Steven P. Bradbury, Tala R. Henry, Gerald J. Niemi, Richard W. Carlson, Virginia M. Snarski

Steven P. Bradbury

The physiological responses of rainbow trout to acutely lethal aqueous concentrations of the suspected polar narcotics phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, aniline, 2-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline were examined. Visible signs of intoxication included tremors that progressed to whole-organism clonic seizures, followed by general depression and respiratory-cardiovascular collapse. Tremors and seizures were usually initiated with coughs. The most striking changes in the respiratory-cardiovascular parameters for all five toxicants included elevated cough frequency (coincident with seizures), ventilation frequency and hematocrit, and depressed gill oxygen uptake efficiency, arterial pH, total arterial oxygen and total arterial carbon dioxide. The physiological responses noted were attributed to the initial muscular …

Environmental Assessment In Bioethanol Technology Using Immobilized Yeast Cells, Minoo Kandy Zarnegar

Theses

This study is undertaken from the standpoint of water pollution evaluation in bioethanol technology, using immobilized yeast cells. Evaluation of water pollution caused by immobilized yeast fermentation is the main objective of this research.

The pollution in water remaining at the end of ethanol production, which is normally discharged in the wastewater stream, has been analyzed by the measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD), since BOD measurement is one of the widely used parameters for water pollution evaluation. BOD obtained from produced water (stillage) was between the range of 115- 360 mg/l. The variation in BOD depended upon the removal …

Biochemical And Pharmacological Studies On The Interaction Of Protamine With Heparins, Adrienne L. Racanelli

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Cytotoxic And Dna Damaging Effects Of Ethylcholine Mustard Aziridinium Ion (Af64a), Diane Marie Barnes

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Antagonism Of Nicotine By Mecamylamine And Pempidine In The Brain, Thomas Jeffrey Martin

Theses and Dissertations

Antagonists have been crucial in the characterization of nicotine's pharmacology. Initial evidence for the existence of central nicotinic receptors was based on the fact that nicotine produced a number of behavioral effects that were antagonized by ganglionic blockers that crossed the blood-brain barrier, such as mecamylamine and pempidine. Although the mechanism of action of these compounds has been studied extensively in the periphery, little is known about their mechanisms of action in the brain. These compounds are thought to be noncompetitive antagonists due to the fact that they do not compete for agonist binding to brain homogenate in vitro. However, …

Polar Narcosis In Aquatic Organisms, Steven P. Bradbury, Richard W. Carlson, Tala R. Henry

Steven P. Bradbury

The majority of industrial organic chemicals lack identifiable structural characteristics that result in specific biological activity. These nonpolar-nonelectrolytes are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms via a nonspecific mode of action termed narcosis. The toxicity of industrial chemicals eliciting nonpolar narcosis can be reliably predicted by log P (baseline toxicity models). Using single chemical and joint toxic action models, several research groups have reported classes of polar compounds (for example, esters, phenols, and anilines) that elicit a narcosis-like syndrome; however, they are more acutely toxic than what is predicted using baseline toxicity models. An assessment of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in …

Comparative Toxicology Of The Pyrethroid Insecticides, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats

Steven P. Bradbury

The toxic effects elicited by synthetic pyrethroids in animals are varied in degree and nature. Their relative safety to birds and mammals contrasts sharply with their acute effects on fish and arthropods. Explantation of their differences in toxicity depends on examination of all factors of their comparative toxicology. Routes of exposure are important, as are metabolism and elimination rates, especially for mammals and birds with their considerable capabilities for biotransformation. Significant differences in sensitivity at the sites of toxic action may also play a role in differential responses to these insecticides. Finally, physical properties that influence the environmental disposition and …

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report

Prepared by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Augusta, Maine 1989.

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methodology / Statewide Water Quality Summary / State And Local Agency Programs for Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution / Process for Identification of Best Management Practices and Associated Standards / List of References / List of Figures / List of Tables

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

Current Therapeutic Findings, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Rimantadine Hydrochloride ยาต้านไวรัส, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rimantadine hydrochloride เป็นยาต้านไวรัสมีสูตรโครงสร้างใกล้เคียงกับ amantadine มีผลในการ ยับยั้งการเพิ่มจำนวน...

Increasing Dissolution Rate Of Indomethacin Tablets By Coprecipitation Technique Using Dextrose-Polyvinylpyrrolidone As Combined Water-Soluble Carriers(การเพิ่มอัตราการสะลายของยาเม็ดอินโ..., เพียรกิจ แดงประเสริฐ, กฤช โชติการณ์, สิริสุข จินวัฒนาภรณ์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Direct compression tablets of indomethacin were prepared from coprecipitates of drug with single water soluble carrier, dextrose or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and combined water soluble carriers, dextrose and PVP. Four ratios of combined carriers, dextr...

Lovastatin Mevacor R ของ Msd Cholesterol Lowering Agent ตัวใหม่, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Lovastatin เป็นสารตัวใหม่ที่ใช้ลดระดับโฆเลสเตอรอลในเลือด ออกฤทธิ์โดยยับยั้งการทำงาน ของเอ็นชั...

บริโภคยาและอาหารด้วยความฉลาด, รพีพล ภโววาท

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Misoprostol : Prostaglandin E1 Analog ซึ่งมีฤทธิ์ Antisecretory และ Cytoprotective, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Misoprostol เป็นเมธิลเอสเทอร์อนาลอคของพรอสตาแกลนดิน อี1 ยานี้มีฤทธิ์ต้านการหลั่งกรด ในกระเพาะ แล...

Postgraduate Plans Of Thai Undergraduate Pharmacy Students(แผนการศึกษาระดับหลังปริญญาตรีของนักศึกษาเภสัชศาสตร์ไทย), Nawarut Charupatanapong, Karen L. Rascati

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the plans of fourth and fifth-year Thai pharmacy students upon graduation, with special interest given to those planning to continue their education at a graduate level. A survey was distributed to pharmacy stud...

Clomipramine Hcl A Tricyclic Antidepressant, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Clomipramine เป็น tricyclic antidepressant ซึ่งเป็น chlorinated analogue ของ imipramine ใช้ ได้ผลในการรักษา obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ยาถูกดูดชึมได้...

Feasibility Studies Of Preparation Of The Silver Sulfadiazine From Used X-Ray Films. (การศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการสงเคราะห์ ชิลเวอร์ซัลฟาไดอะชีน ..., สุวรรณา เหลืองชลธาร

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The preparation of silver nitrate from used x-ray films was studied. The silver content in films was found to be 1.3% and the recovery percentage yield of silver nitrate USP XXI was found to be 93.8%. The small scale preparation of silver nitrate from us...

นาทีวิกฤตผจญ Anaphylaxis, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

บทความเกี่ยวกับปฏิกิริยา anaphylaxis และ anaphylactoid อาการต่าง ๆ ที่เกิดขึ้นและการรักษา Anaphylaxis ก็คือ อาการแ...

Microbiological Assay Of The Combination Of Streptomycin With Other Antibiotics In Pharmaceutical Product And Body Fluid(การใช้ Semicarbazide ในการวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณยาปฏิชีวนะท..., อารีรัตน์ ลออปักษา, วิมลมาศ ลิปิพันธ์, กิ่งฟ้า ทพัย์มนขัย

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The microbiological assay of penicillin in the combination of penicillin and streptomycin by using selective inactivation was compared to the one using specific strain of test organism. The potency of penicillin G (% labeled amount) in the assay with sem...

A Study On Tablet Dosage Form Development Of Thai Official Traditional Household Remedies Using Modern Medicine Standards. (การศึกษาการพัฒนารูปแบบยาเม็ด ของยาสามัญประจำ..., มาลี บรรจบ, ธิดารัตน์ ปลื้มใจ

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Tablet formulas of six Thai official traditional household remedies were developed. They were Leoung-Pid-Samutr, Tri-Hom, Chan-Tha-Lee-La, Khieo-Hom, Hom-Na-Wa-Koth and Pra-Sa-Plai. Ninety kinds of crude drugs were used as the active components in those ...

Investigation Of Inhibition And Curation Effects Of Andrographis Paniculata And Croton Sublyratus Upon The Gastric Lesion And Ulcer.(ทดสอบฤทธิ์การป้องกันและรักษา แผลกระเพาะอา..., ศิริมาพร สุวัฒนา, ประลาน ธรรมสุปกรณ์, อุมา กิติยานี

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of medicinal plants; Andrographis paniculata Ness and Croton sublyratus Kurz on the inhibition of gastric lesion induced by stress in mice and by aspirin in rats and also on the curation of gastric ulce...