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- Synthesis and degradation of acetylcholine receptors in rat skeletal muscles were measured in organ culture. The rate of de novo biosynthesis and incorporation of acetylcholine receptors into extrajunctional membranes of denervated muscles was measured by determining the rate of appearance of [1] [2H, 13C, 15N]-acetylcholine receptors when muscles were cultured in medium containing [1] [2H, 13C, 15N]-amino acids. Denervated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were found to synthesize new receptors for several days in organ culture at an average rate of 1.4%/h. The degradation rates for extrajunctional and junctional acetylcholine receptors were estimated by irreversibly labeling acétylcholine receptors on muscles with radioactive iodinated α-bungarotoxin and measuring the rate of release into the culture medium of mono- and di-iodotyrosine, breakdown products of the radioactive α-bungarotoxin. The rates of this proteolytic process yielded average lifetimes of 22 h and 13 days for [125I]α-bungarotoxin bound to extrajunctional and junctional receptors, respectively, probably reflecting the average lifetimes of the acetylcholine receptors. Electrical stimulation at 100Hz for 1 s every 80s, producing visible contraction, but not maximal tetanic tension, barely altered the rate of incorporation of new acetylcholine receptors into the extrajunctional plasma membrane of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, even when the stimulation continued for 5 days. Supra-maximal stimulation, resulting in maximal tetanic tension, with the same stimulation pattern produced a rapid decline of 10–20% in the rate of new receptor production and a corresponding decline in overall protein synthesis. Stimulation beyond 18–24 h (up to 68 h) resulted in a further decrease in new receptor production to about 30% of the control rate, but not more. Stimulation for longer than 16 h produced less than a 5–10% decrease in overall protein synthesis, compared with control muscles. The same pattern of electrical stimulation, producing maximal tetanic tension, had no effect on the apparent degradation rate of extrajunctional receptors in denervated muscles. Our results show that denervated adult muscle can be maintained in organ culture for at least 1 week, and that the muscles in culture will continue to degrade acetylcholine receptors and to synthesize new receptors, even when electrically stimulated for 5 days. The significance of this study is that electrical stimulation, producing frequent tetanic contractions, can affect extrajunctional acetylcholine receptor metabolism by selectively decreasing de novo synthesis, the receptor degradation remaining unchanged. The precise control point in the biosynthetic process has yet to be determined. However, our results indicate that electrically induced activity does exert a regulating influence, relatively rapidly, on extrajunctional acetylcholine receptor metabolism on muscles maintained in vitro. (1)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Domestication Of Evolution, Raymond P. Coppinger, Charles Kay Smith
The Domestication Of Evolution, Raymond P. Coppinger, Charles Kay Smith
Charles Kay Smith
A coming ‘Age of Interdependent Forms’ seems destined to mark the success of what could be called ‘despecialized/interspecific fitness’ among neotenic strains (perpetuating juvenile traits) of species such as humans and domestic animals. Humans as well as the first domesticants underwent a neotenic evolution in the wild during the repeated interglacial periods which, acting on a number of mammalian forms, selected against adult species-specific ancestral adaptations to a stable environment. Neotenic species continue to look and behave more like ancestral youths than adults—even after sexual maturity and throughout their life-history. As they retain lifelong youthful dependency motivations, they can easily, …
Rapid Decline In Acetylcholine Release And Content Of Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle After Denervation, Diana Linden, Michael Newton, Alan Grinnell, Donald Jenden
Rapid Decline In Acetylcholine Release And Content Of Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle After Denervation, Diana Linden, Michael Newton, Alan Grinnell, Donald Jenden
Diana Linden
The amount of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) in normal and denervated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, as well as that released spontaneously from these muscles, was determined by an extremely sensitive gas chromatographicmass spectrometric assay method. We found decreases in ACh content and spontaneous, resting ACh release as early as 8 h after denervation. The ACh content decreased to a plateau of 30% of control by 11 h; ACh release attained a plateau of 50% of control several hours later. These results showed that in denervated EDL muscles ACh content and spontaneous release (measured biochemically) decreased before nerve-evoked …
Interaction Of Nutrition And Infection: Effect Of Zinc Deficiency On Immunoglobulin Levels In Trypanosoma Musculi Infection, Clarence Lee, Patricia A. Humphrey, Georgiana Aboko-Cole
Interaction Of Nutrition And Infection: Effect Of Zinc Deficiency On Immunoglobulin Levels In Trypanosoma Musculi Infection, Clarence Lee, Patricia A. Humphrey, Georgiana Aboko-Cole
Clarence Lee
Distribution Of Limonin During The Growth And Development Of Leaves And Branches Of Citrus Paradisi, Cecilia Mcintosh, Richard L. Mansell
Distribution Of Limonin During The Growth And Development Of Leaves And Branches Of Citrus Paradisi, Cecilia Mcintosh, Richard L. Mansell
Cecilia A. McIntosh
The California Gray Whale (Eschrichtius Robustus): A Review Of The Literature On Migratory And Behavioral Characteristics, James Bird
James E Bird
The literature search presented in Appendix A was performed to characterize the normal migratory behavior of the gray whale and to determine if introduced sound from a variety of sources, including offshore oil and gas development, would have an observable effect on that behavior. Because of the limited data on behavioral reaction of gray whales to noise and disturbance, we have also included in this literature review information on the behavioral reaction of other baleen whale species.
Opportunistic Feeding On Whale Fat By Wilson's Storm-Petrels In The Western North Atlantic, P Payne, Kevin Powers, James Bird
Opportunistic Feeding On Whale Fat By Wilson's Storm-Petrels In The Western North Atlantic, P Payne, Kevin Powers, James Bird
James E Bird
No abstract provided.
Monoclonal Antibodies Reveal The Structural Basis Of Antibody Diversity, Jean-Luc Teillaud, Catherine Desaymard, Angela Giusti, Barbara Haseltine, Roberta Pollock, Dale Yelton, Donald Zach, Matthew Scharff
Monoclonal Antibodies Reveal The Structural Basis Of Antibody Diversity, Jean-Luc Teillaud, Catherine Desaymard, Angela Giusti, Barbara Haseltine, Roberta Pollock, Dale Yelton, Donald Zach, Matthew Scharff
Roberta Pollock
Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the …
An Annotated Bibliography Of The Published Literature On The Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) And The Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis/Australis), 1864-1980, James Bird
James E Bird
No abstract provided.
First Record Of The Mosquitoes Aedes Dupreei, Psorophora Horrida, And Psorophora Varipes In Saint Joseph County, Indiana., Roger Nasci, Leonard E. Munstermann, David B. Taylor
First Record Of The Mosquitoes Aedes Dupreei, Psorophora Horrida, And Psorophora Varipes In Saint Joseph County, Indiana., Roger Nasci, Leonard E. Munstermann, David B. Taylor
David B. Taylor
No abstract provided.
Live Northern Harrier Entrapped In Ice, Given Harper, Thomas C. Dunstan
Live Northern Harrier Entrapped In Ice, Given Harper, Thomas C. Dunstan
Given Harper
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of The Limonin And Naringin Content Of Grapefruit Juice Samples Collected From Florida State Test Houses, Richard L. Mansell, Cecilia Mcintosh, Susan E. Vest
An Analysis Of The Limonin And Naringin Content Of Grapefruit Juice Samples Collected From Florida State Test Houses, Richard L. Mansell, Cecilia Mcintosh, Susan E. Vest
Cecilia A. McIntosh