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1981

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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1981 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer, R. E. Lamond Jan 1981

1981 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer, R. E. Lamond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This annual research report is to inform area farmers of what is being attempted and accomplished at the Southeast Kansas Branch Experiment Station to serve the area. During 1980 the Station headquarters was moved from Mound Valley to Parsons, the location of one of the units of the Station since 1967. Effort at the Mound Valley location continues without reduction. The third unit of the Station is near Columbus. This report covers four areas of research emphasis: crops, forages, beef cattle, and soil and water management. The information is intended for producers, industry cooperators, and other interested persons.

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Fat Thickness As An Alternative To Marbling In Beef Carcass Grading, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Fat Thickness As An Alternative To Marbling In Beef Carcass Grading, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data from 1669 steers show that equally palatable beef comes from carcasses with Choice marbling OR 0.4 inch of outside fat cover. Including cattle with 0.4 inch of fat and at least Slight marbling in a new choice grade would cut 20 to 30 days from the feeding period.

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Nutritional Effects Of Beef Connective Tissue Characteristics And Eating Qualities, J.J. Wu, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1981

Nutritional Effects Of Beef Connective Tissue Characteristics And Eating Qualities, J.J. Wu, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared taste panel and connective tissue characteristics of beef fed a high energy diet with beef fed grass. The high energy diet produced higher USDA quality and yield grades, more rapid weight gain, and increased connective tissue collagen synthesis arid breakdown. But, it did not consistently improve taste panel and shear characteristics over grass-feeding.

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Intermittent Feeding Of Chlortetracycline To Finishing Cattle, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1981

Intermittent Feeding Of Chlortetracycline To Finishing Cattle, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 168 yearling steers in a 139-day finishing trial to evaluate high levels of chlortetracycline (aureomycin) fed for short periods at regular intervals during finishing. Since liver abscess rate was low for all treatments including the nonmedicated controls and health status was good, chlortetracycline (CTC) did not significantly affect abscess rate or feedlot performance.

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Effect Of Rumensin On The Growth And Sexual Development Of Beef Bulls, L.R. Corah, W.D. Busby, R.M. Mckee, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1981

Effect Of Rumensin On The Growth And Sexual Development Of Beef Bulls, L.R. Corah, W.D. Busby, R.M. Mckee, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifty percentage Simmental bull calves were fed either with or without Rumensin. Although Rumensin improved gain by 9.2%, it had no effect on sexual development.

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Use Of Kamar® Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Synchronized With Lutalyse®, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Heekin, Kenneth G. Odde, M. King Jan 1981

Use Of Kamar® Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Synchronized With Lutalyse®, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Heekin, Kenneth G. Odde, M. King

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The ability of the Kamar Heatmount Detector to identify cows ready for insemination 80 hours after two Lutalyse injections was tested with 439 beef cows and heifers. The detector was placed on the rump at the second injection and was "read" at insemination. Conception rate from the 80-hour timed insemination for cows with red (activated) and lost detectors was 56.5% compared with 7.6% of the cows with white detectors.

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Selenium Content Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, D.A. Sapienza, L. Schwanke, S.M. Kazemi, E.F. Smith Jan 1981

Selenium Content Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, D.A. Sapienza, L. Schwanke, S.M. Kazemi, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used steers with esophageal cannulas to measure selenium in burned and unburned bluestem pastures between May and September. Individual variation among steers sampled varied as much as two fold in selenium content. All values were considered adequate for cattle.

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Sila-Bac, Cold-Flo, And Sodium Hydroxide For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1981

Sila-Bac, Cold-Flo, And Sodium Hydroxide For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Inoculant (Sila-bac), non-protein nitrogen (Cold-flo), and alkali (NaOH) silage additives were evaluated with whole-plant forage sorghum silage. All three additives decreased ensiling temperatures. Calves fed Sila-bec or NaOH silages gained 12.0% faster but calves fed Cold-flo silage gained 7.7% slower than those fed control silage. NaOH silage was consumed in the greatest amount; Cold-flo silage, in the least. Calves fed Sila-bec silage were more efficient than calves fed any of the other silages.

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Effect Of Space Allowance With And Without Antibiotic On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Effect Of Space Allowance With And Without Antibiotic On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance for the four week old weaned pig. In addition, performance of pigs fed an antibiotic (ASP 250) versus no antibiotic at each space allowance was evaluated. The pigs fed an antibiotic gained significantly faster than pigs receiving no antibiotic; however, most of the improvements were observed the first three weeks of the five week trial. Maximum growth was observed at 2.5 sq. ft. and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance. Pigs given 1.5 sq. ft. gained slightly slower throughout the trial. This study suggests …

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Effects Of Sila-Bac And Silo Guard On Alfalfa Silage Quality And Corn Supplementation On Steer Performance, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds Jan 1981

Effects Of Sila-Bac And Silo Guard On Alfalfa Silage Quality And Corn Supplementation On Steer Performance, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Inoculant (Sila-bac) and enzyme (Silo Guard) silage additives were evaluated with first-cutting alfalfa silage. Control and treated silages were made in 50-ton concrete stave silos and three types of experimental silos (nylon bags buried in the stave silos, 5-ga11on plastic containers, and 55-gallon metal drums). Each silage from the stave silos was full-fed to 16 steers in individual pens. Half the steers received 2 lbs. of supplement; the other half received supplement + 2 lbs. of cracked corn. Steers fed Sila-bac and Silo Guard silages performed slightly better than those fed control silage. Adding cracked corn improved rate of gain …

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Performance Of Weanling Pigs As Influenced By Feeding Insect-And Fungal-Damaged Grain Sorghum (1981), J C. Dietz, Keith C. Behnke, G A. Allee, C W. Deyoe Jan 1981

Performance Of Weanling Pigs As Influenced By Feeding Insect-And Fungal-Damaged Grain Sorghum (1981), J C. Dietz, Keith C. Behnke, G A. Allee, C W. Deyoe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Using 128 crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 18.3 Kg, we determined the effect that insect- and fungal-damaged sorghum would have on the pigs' performance. No differences were found in daily feed consumption for any treatment during a 28-day feeding trial. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies were similar to those of the control for pigs fed grain sorghum that had been damaged by lesser grain borer; red beetle; a mixture of lesser grain borer, flat grain beetle, and indian meal moth, or Aspergilas Candidus. Pigs fed grain sorghum damaged by rice weevil showed lower average daily gains …

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Soybean Protein In Milk Replacer Diets For Baby Pigs (1981), G L. Allee, P Hsu, R S. Prather Jan 1981

Soybean Protein In Milk Replacer Diets For Baby Pigs (1981), G L. Allee, P Hsu, R S. Prather

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials, involving 108 pigs, were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing milk protein with various levels of soybean protein in milk replacer diets. Pigs fed diets in which 25 or 50% of the milk protein was replaced with a modified soybean had weight gains and efficiencies similar to those of pigs fed the all-milk-protein diet, but incidence of scours decreased. Protein digestibility decreased as the level of soybean protein in the diet increased. These results suggest that 25 to 50% of the milk protein in a 28% protein milk replacer diet can be replaced with a modified soybean …

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Rapid Id Of Diarrhea Causing K88 E. Coli (1981), K W. Mills, R M. Phillips, B L. Kelly, G L. Baughman Jan 1981

Rapid Id Of Diarrhea Causing K88 E. Coli (1981), K W. Mills, R M. Phillips, B L. Kelly, G L. Baughman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The efficiency of the standard agglutination test, Y-1 mouse adrenal cell test, and infant-mouse gastric test was compared with a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the K88 pilus antigen and enterotoxin-producing E. coli. Isolates from clinical samples were identified on suspensions of bacteria. The sensitivity of the assay was in the nanogram-per-ml range as determined by measuring purified pili.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Alfalfa Haylage For Sows During Gestation (1981), G L. Allee Jan 1981

Alfalfa Haylage For Sows During Gestation (1981), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Digestion and nitrogen retention studies suggest that three pounds of good quality alfalfa haylage dry matter and two pounds of a grain, mineral, and vitamin premix will meet the nutritional requirements of sows during gestation. Quality of the haylage is extremely important for sows. Third-cutting alfalfa had a higher digestible energy and digestible protein than did the more mature first-cutting haylage. The digestible energy of alfalfa haylage for sows was 954 to 1,096 Kcal/pound. Sows fed alfalfa haylage and ONLY ONE pound of a grain vitamin and mineral premix farrowed pigs that were lighter at birth than pigs farrowed from …

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The Toxicity Of Liquid Supplements Containing Urea, E.E. Bartley Jan 1981

The Toxicity Of Liquid Supplements Containing Urea, E.E. Bartley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid supplement manufacturers must provide a product that is effectively utilized and is nontoxic. Toxicity can be reduced if the supplement's pH is below 3.8, but low pH alone does not improve nutritive value. A good fermentable source of carbohydrate, like molasses or cooked starch, should be provided in adequate amount. When water or lignin sulfonates are substituted for good carbohydrate, urea utilization is reduced and the risk of toxicity is increased. Cattle that are hungry or starved from blizzard conditions or feed restriction are much more susceptible to ammonia toxicity than cattle kept full, so limit the availability of …

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Effects Of Protein Level, Calcium:Phosphorous Ratio And Monensin On Performance Of Finishing Steers, S. Durham, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1981

Effects Of Protein Level, Calcium:Phosphorous Ratio And Monensin On Performance Of Finishing Steers, S. Durham, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ration crude protein levels of 10.4% and 12.0% were fed with or without monensin and with calcium-to-phosphorous ratios (Ca:P) of 1:2, 2:1, or 1:1. Steers fed 10.4% crude protein, a 1:1 Ca:P, and Monensin had highest average daily gains and were most efficient. Extra protein in the 12% ration or the extra calcium in the 2:1 ration produced no benefits. Phosphorous in the 1:2 Ca:P apparently was excessive, as indicated by depressed daily gain and poorer efficiency. Monensin significantly increased average daily gain and improved feed efficiency.

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Effects Of Dressing Procedures Upon Yield And Quality Of The Beef Tenderloin, P.E. De Felicio, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1981

Effects Of Dressing Procedures Upon Yield And Quality Of The Beef Tenderloin, P.E. De Felicio, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Removing kidney fat at slaughter did not affect (P>.05) the chilled or chilled-and-aged weights of the tenderloin. But small differences in tenderness and color at the beginning of the display period favored the conventional dressing procedure.

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Effect Of Limited Suckling On Reproductive Performance And Milk Production Of Cows And Weight Gains And Suckling Behavior Of Calves, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles Jan 1981

Effect Of Limited Suckling On Reproductive Performance And Milk Production Of Cows And Weight Gains And Suckling Behavior Of Calves, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 109 Polled Hereford and percentage Simmental cows to evaluate limited suckling as an aid to induce cows to cycle after calving. Cows were allotted to: 1. once daily suckle; 2. twice daily suckle; 3. 48 hr calf removal (just before breeding season); and 4. controls (suckle ad libitum). Half of each group was implanted with Norgestomet 9 days before the breeding season. Limited suckling increased the number of cows showing estrus and conceiving early in the breeding season, and Norgestomet increased the percentage pregnant the first 21 days of the breeding season.

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Effects Of Weaning Weight On Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1981

Effects Of Weaning Weight On Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fertility during the first two breeding seasons was not affected by the dam's weaning weight, but lightest heifers at weaning reached puberty later, had smaller pelvic areas at calving, more difficult deliveries, had more calves die, and weaned a smaller percentage of their calves.

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Four Ear Tags Evaluated, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah Jan 1981

Four Ear Tags Evaluated, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four types of ear tags were evaluated for retention over 2 years. Retention was low for one type, and high for the other three types.

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Growing Rations Of Forage Sorghum Silage And Alfalfa Haylage, H. Ilg, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Growing Rations Of Forage Sorghum Silage And Alfalfa Haylage, H. Ilg, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growing rations containing forage sorghum silage (FSS) or equal amounts of FSS and alfalfa haylage were fed to crossbred steer calves for 112 days. Steers consumed more of the FSS + haylage but rate and efficiency of gain were best for steers fed the FSS. We calculated the value of alfalfa haylage at various prices for FSS and soybean meal.

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Commercial Silage Additive Trials, K. Bolsen Jan 1981

Commercial Silage Additive Trials, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most Kansas grown crops can be harvested, stored, and fed as silage. A good silage fermentation should produce a well-preserved, palatable feed with minimum nutrient loss, but making a good silage requires good management. The crop must be harvested at the proper maturity and moisture, be finely chopped, and be tightly packed in the silo. Numerous commercial silage additives, whose manufacturers make various claims for improving silage quality, are available. Last year, we reported on 5 trials involving six commercial additives (Report of Progress 377). Each additive improved the silage in at least one of the four criteria we evaluate.

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Naoh And Ensila Plus Additives For Wheat Silage And Alfalfa Haylage For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa Jan 1981

Naoh And Ensila Plus Additives For Wheat Silage And Alfalfa Haylage For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enzyme (Ensila Plus) and alkali (NaOH) silage additives were evaluated with whole-plant wheat silages which were fed with or without alfalfa haylage (45% moisture). Steers fed NaOH silage consumed the most feed but were the least efficient. Although adding haylage increased feed intake, daily gain was not improved. Ensila Plus wheat silage was used 5.2% more efficiently than control wheat silage. NaOH increased ensiling temperatures by 5 to 80 C during the 4-week ensiling period. The amount of silage dry matter removed from the silos and fed was unusually low for all three wheat silages (77.6,79.4, and 77.1% for control, …

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Ensila Plus And Cold-Flo Additives For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1981

Ensila Plus And Cold-Flo Additives For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enzyme (Ensila Plus) and non-protein nitrogen (Cold-flo) silage additives were evaluated with whole-plant corn silage. Cold-flo increased ensiling temperatures 6 to 80 F during the first week. Growing steers fed Ensila Plus, Cold-flo, or control + SBM silage rations had similar performances, and better than steers fed a control + urea ration. Cold-flo corn silage was more stable in air than control or Ensila Plus silages. No heating or molding was observed in Cold-flo silage after 28 days of air exposure; control silage heated after 10 days; Ensila Plus after 8 days. Dry matter removed from the silos and fed …

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Farrowing Duration And Its Effects On Pig Performance (1981), J D. Wheat, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Farrowing Duration And Its Effects On Pig Performance (1981), J D. Wheat, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Based on the first 76 farrowings recorded, average duration (the time between the birth of the first pig and of the last pig in the litter) was 129.09±7.28 minutes, and the average time interval between pigs was 15.71± 1.02 minutes. Longer farrowings were associated with longer intervals (r=.73), but farrowing duration and litter size at birth were not closely related (r=.19, P>.05). Farrowing duration was positively associated with the number of pigs born alive (r=.34, P<.0l). Farrowing interval, a better criterion of speed of farrowing than farrowing duration, was significantly associated with number of pigs alive at birth and at weaning; the correlations were, respectively, -.75 and -.78. Farrowing interval was also negatively associated with litter weight at 21 days, the correlation was -.32 (P<.05). So naturally it was negatively associated with the National Swine Improvement Federation's sow-productivity index: (r=-18, P<.05). The index is 6.5 times the number of pigs born alive plus litter weight of pigs 21 days old. The number of live pigs per litter at birth averaged 9.75±.34 and at 21 days, 8.60±1.2.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Performance And Carcass Traits Of Feeder Calves Scored For Muscling, Frame Size, And Condition, Dell M. Allen, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Performance And Carcass Traits Of Feeder Calves Scored For Muscling, Frame Size, And Condition, Dell M. Allen, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Calves with different USDA frame sizes had similar carcass composition and quality when slaughtered within the recommended weight range for their frame size. Large-framed calves had higher dressing percentages and gained faster than medium- or small-framed calves. Condition score appeared more useful than muscling score to characterize calves' performance and carcass traits. Calves thin at weaning had poorer performance, lower marbling scores, less fat, and higher retail product percentages than calves in medium or fat condition at weaning. Medium condition calves gained faster, had less fat, higher retail product percentages, and lower marbling scores than fat calves. Calves with large …

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The Effects Of Rumensin® And Two Levels Of Energy Prior To Calving On Reproductive Performance In First Calf Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, Jack G. Riley, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1981

The Effects Of Rumensin® And Two Levels Of Energy Prior To Calving On Reproductive Performance In First Calf Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, Jack G. Riley, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifers fed low energy diets gained less before calving, took longer from calving to first estrus, and dropped lighter calves. Their conception rates were lower and fewer showed estrus the first 20 days of breeding. Rumensin lengthened the time from calving to estrus with no effect on calf birth weight, milk production, or percentage of calves weaned. However, calves from heifers fed Rumensin gained faster. Long-term Rumensin feeding to heifers (from weaning through second breeding) increased weight gain and hastened puberty with no effect on reproductive performance. Rumensin-fed dams tended to wean heavier calves.

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Effect Of Compudose On Grazing Steers In Pasture, Then In Feedlot, L. Corah, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1981

Effect Of Compudose On Grazing Steers In Pasture, Then In Feedlot, L. Corah, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers implanted with an estradiol removable implant (Compudose) gained 14.8% faster during 121 days of grazing and 12.1% faster in the feedlot than control steers not implanted. Implanting improved feed efficiency 6.9% during finishing. Removing implants after grazing resulted in slowest and least efficient feedlot gains. Steers implanted only during the finishing phase gained the fastest and most efficiently in feedlot. Results of this 240-day test indicate that one implant stimulates performance at least 240 days

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Continuous Versus Intermittent Electrical Stimulation Of Beef Carcasses And Their Effect On Hot-Boned Muscle-Ph Decline, J.E. Bowles, Melvin C. Hunt, J.L.A. Kendall, M. Lyon, Curtis L. Kastner, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Continuous Versus Intermittent Electrical Stimulation Of Beef Carcasses And Their Effect On Hot-Boned Muscle-Ph Decline, J.E. Bowles, Melvin C. Hunt, J.L.A. Kendall, M. Lyon, Curtis L. Kastner, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Short bursts of electricity (intermittent electrical stimulation) to beef carcasses accelerated pH decline and the onset of rigor mortis more than continuous stimulation did.

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Factors Affecting Conception After Synchronization With Lutalyse® And Timed Insemination, M. King, G.H. Kiracofe, R.M. Mckee Jan 1981

Factors Affecting Conception After Synchronization With Lutalyse® And Timed Insemination, M. King, G.H. Kiracofe, R.M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With heifers given two injections of Lutalyse 11 days apart, and inseminated 80 hours after the second injection, only 20% in heat before 48 hours conceived compared with 65% that were in heat 48 to 80 hours after injection. Those showing heat early may have been inseminated too late. Heifers receiving their second injection on day 7. 8, or 9 of the cycle came into heat earlier than those injected on days 10 through 15.

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