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1981

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

1981 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer, R. E. Lamond Jan 1981

1981 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer, R. E. Lamond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This annual research report is to inform area farmers of what is being attempted and accomplished at the Southeast Kansas Branch Experiment Station to serve the area. During 1980 the Station headquarters was moved from Mound Valley to Parsons, the location of one of the units of the Station since 1967. Effort at the Mound Valley location continues without reduction. The third unit of the Station is near Columbus. This report covers four areas of research emphasis: crops, forages, beef cattle, and soil and water management. The information is intended for producers, industry cooperators, and other interested persons.

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Fat Thickness As An Alternative To Marbling In Beef Carcass Grading, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Fat Thickness As An Alternative To Marbling In Beef Carcass Grading, Kenneth E. Kemp, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data from 1669 steers show that equally palatable beef comes from carcasses with Choice marbling OR 0.4 inch of outside fat cover. Including cattle with 0.4 inch of fat and at least Slight marbling in a new choice grade would cut 20 to 30 days from the feeding period.

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Nutritional Effects Of Beef Connective Tissue Characteristics And Eating Qualities, J.J. Wu, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1981

Nutritional Effects Of Beef Connective Tissue Characteristics And Eating Qualities, J.J. Wu, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared taste panel and connective tissue characteristics of beef fed a high energy diet with beef fed grass. The high energy diet produced higher USDA quality and yield grades, more rapid weight gain, and increased connective tissue collagen synthesis arid breakdown. But, it did not consistently improve taste panel and shear characteristics over grass-feeding.

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Intermittent Feeding Of Chlortetracycline To Finishing Cattle, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1981

Intermittent Feeding Of Chlortetracycline To Finishing Cattle, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 168 yearling steers in a 139-day finishing trial to evaluate high levels of chlortetracycline (aureomycin) fed for short periods at regular intervals during finishing. Since liver abscess rate was low for all treatments including the nonmedicated controls and health status was good, chlortetracycline (CTC) did not significantly affect abscess rate or feedlot performance.

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Effect Of Rumensin On The Growth And Sexual Development Of Beef Bulls, L.R. Corah, W.D. Busby, R.M. Mckee, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1981

Effect Of Rumensin On The Growth And Sexual Development Of Beef Bulls, L.R. Corah, W.D. Busby, R.M. Mckee, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifty percentage Simmental bull calves were fed either with or without Rumensin. Although Rumensin improved gain by 9.2%, it had no effect on sexual development.

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Use Of Kamar® Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Synchronized With Lutalyse®, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Heekin, Kenneth G. Odde, M. King Jan 1981

Use Of Kamar® Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Synchronized With Lutalyse®, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Heekin, Kenneth G. Odde, M. King

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The ability of the Kamar Heatmount Detector to identify cows ready for insemination 80 hours after two Lutalyse injections was tested with 439 beef cows and heifers. The detector was placed on the rump at the second injection and was "read" at insemination. Conception rate from the 80-hour timed insemination for cows with red (activated) and lost detectors was 56.5% compared with 7.6% of the cows with white detectors.

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Selenium Content Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, D.A. Sapienza, L. Schwanke, S.M. Kazemi, E.F. Smith Jan 1981

Selenium Content Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, D.A. Sapienza, L. Schwanke, S.M. Kazemi, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used steers with esophageal cannulas to measure selenium in burned and unburned bluestem pastures between May and September. Individual variation among steers sampled varied as much as two fold in selenium content. All values were considered adequate for cattle.

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Prostaglandin F2Α To Induce Farrowing In Sows (1981), Duane L. Davis Jan 1981

Prostaglandin F2Α To Induce Farrowing In Sows (1981), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Alternate groups of sows were synchronized, with prostaglandin, to farrow within a certain time or to serve as controls. The objective was to determine if baby-pig survival or litter-weaning weight would be improved by such group farrowing. Results indicated no improvement in those traits; therefore, if prostaglandin is used under the conditions of this experiment, its cost will have to be justified by other considerations.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Value Of Adding Fat To Finishing Diets To Alleviate Heat Stress (1981), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Value Of Adding Fat To Finishing Diets To Alleviate Heat Stress (1981), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred barrows, observed at temperatures of 62 and 95°F, were fed either a control or a fat added diet. Pigs housed at 95°F ate significantly less feed, gained slower, and were less efficient than littermates housed at 62°F. Fat addition to the diet did not significantly influence performance when fed at 62 or 95°F. The addition of fat did not appear to reduce heat stress or improve performance when fed at the higher temperature.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Estrous Synchronization And Fertility In Allyl Trenbolone-Treated Gilts (1981), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis Jan 1981

Estrous Synchronization And Fertility In Allyl Trenbolone-Treated Gilts (1981), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Onset of estrus in gilts fed allyl-trenbolone for either 14 or 18 days was controlled effectively. The stage of the cycle at the beginning of treatment had little effect on the synchronization response. More than 97% of the treated gilts showed estrus within 3 to 8 days after the last progestagen feeding. Treatment did not affect gestation length, farrowing rate, or litter size.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Adding Whey And Fishmeal To Swine Finishing Diets (1981), Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Adding Whey And Fishmeal To Swine Finishing Diets (1981), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty finishing pigs were studied to evaluate the effect of adding whey and/or fishmeal to a sorghum grain-soybean meal basal swine diet. No significant effects due to treatment were observed on rate of gain, daily feed intake, or feed per lb. of gain for finishing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Sila-Bac, Cold-Flo, And Sodium Hydroxide For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1981

Sila-Bac, Cold-Flo, And Sodium Hydroxide For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Inoculant (Sila-bac), non-protein nitrogen (Cold-flo), and alkali (NaOH) silage additives were evaluated with whole-plant forage sorghum silage. All three additives decreased ensiling temperatures. Calves fed Sila-bec or NaOH silages gained 12.0% faster but calves fed Cold-flo silage gained 7.7% slower than those fed control silage. NaOH silage was consumed in the greatest amount; Cold-flo silage, in the least. Calves fed Sila-bec silage were more efficient than calves fed any of the other silages.

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Effect Of Space Allowance With And Without Antibiotic On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Effect Of Space Allowance With And Without Antibiotic On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance for the four week old weaned pig. In addition, performance of pigs fed an antibiotic (ASP 250) versus no antibiotic at each space allowance was evaluated. The pigs fed an antibiotic gained significantly faster than pigs receiving no antibiotic; however, most of the improvements were observed the first three weeks of the five week trial. Maximum growth was observed at 2.5 sq. ft. and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance. Pigs given 1.5 sq. ft. gained slightly slower throughout the trial. This study suggests …

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Effects Of Sila-Bac And Silo Guard On Alfalfa Silage Quality And Corn Supplementation On Steer Performance, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds Jan 1981

Effects Of Sila-Bac And Silo Guard On Alfalfa Silage Quality And Corn Supplementation On Steer Performance, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Inoculant (Sila-bac) and enzyme (Silo Guard) silage additives were evaluated with first-cutting alfalfa silage. Control and treated silages were made in 50-ton concrete stave silos and three types of experimental silos (nylon bags buried in the stave silos, 5-ga11on plastic containers, and 55-gallon metal drums). Each silage from the stave silos was full-fed to 16 steers in individual pens. Half the steers received 2 lbs. of supplement; the other half received supplement + 2 lbs. of cracked corn. Steers fed Sila-bac and Silo Guard silages performed slightly better than those fed control silage. Adding cracked corn improved rate of gain …

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Growing Vegetables And Flowering Plants In A Greenhouse Supplied With Swine-Building Exhaust Air (1981), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch Jan 1981

Growing Vegetables And Flowering Plants In A Greenhouse Supplied With Swine-Building Exhaust Air (1981), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Exhaust air from a Kansas State University swine-finishing house provides C02 and possibly other gases that are being used by vegetable plants in a KSU green house. In addition, a rock-storage system reduces fuel requirements of the greenhouse. Tomatoes and cucumbers have been the major food crops studied, but transplant production of geraniums, marigolds, snapdragons, and calendula also has been studied. Poinsettias were grown as a fall crop in 1980.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Effect Of Diet And Method Of Feeding On Performance Of Pigs Weaned At Three Weeks Of Age (1981), J R. Clarkson, G L. Allee Jan 1981

Effect Of Diet And Method Of Feeding On Performance Of Pigs Weaned At Three Weeks Of Age (1981), J R. Clarkson, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four trials involving 600 pigs weaned at 15 to 23 days were conducted to evaluate pig performance as affected by added whey and method of feeding during the first week after weaning. Pigs fed 20% dried whole whey gained faster the first two weeks after weaning and during the 35-day trial than did pigs fed a milo-soybean meal diet with no whey. Ten percent dried whole whey did not improve performance over that of the control diet, and 30% dried whey showed no advantage over the 20% whey diet. Pigs fed delactosed whey substituted on a protein basis for 20% …

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Performance Of Weanling Pigs As Influenced By Feeding Insect-And Fungal-Damaged Grain Sorghum (1981), J C. Dietz, Keith C. Behnke, G A. Allee, C W. Deyoe Jan 1981

Performance Of Weanling Pigs As Influenced By Feeding Insect-And Fungal-Damaged Grain Sorghum (1981), J C. Dietz, Keith C. Behnke, G A. Allee, C W. Deyoe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Using 128 crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 18.3 Kg, we determined the effect that insect- and fungal-damaged sorghum would have on the pigs' performance. No differences were found in daily feed consumption for any treatment during a 28-day feeding trial. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies were similar to those of the control for pigs fed grain sorghum that had been damaged by lesser grain borer; red beetle; a mixture of lesser grain borer, flat grain beetle, and indian meal moth, or Aspergilas Candidus. Pigs fed grain sorghum damaged by rice weevil showed lower average daily gains …

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Soybean Protein In Milk Replacer Diets For Baby Pigs (1981), G L. Allee, P Hsu, R S. Prather Jan 1981

Soybean Protein In Milk Replacer Diets For Baby Pigs (1981), G L. Allee, P Hsu, R S. Prather

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials, involving 108 pigs, were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing milk protein with various levels of soybean protein in milk replacer diets. Pigs fed diets in which 25 or 50% of the milk protein was replaced with a modified soybean had weight gains and efficiencies similar to those of pigs fed the all-milk-protein diet, but incidence of scours decreased. Protein digestibility decreased as the level of soybean protein in the diet increased. These results suggest that 25 to 50% of the milk protein in a 28% protein milk replacer diet can be replaced with a modified soybean …

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Rapid Id Of Diarrhea Causing K88 E. Coli (1981), K W. Mills, R M. Phillips, B L. Kelly, G L. Baughman Jan 1981

Rapid Id Of Diarrhea Causing K88 E. Coli (1981), K W. Mills, R M. Phillips, B L. Kelly, G L. Baughman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The efficiency of the standard agglutination test, Y-1 mouse adrenal cell test, and infant-mouse gastric test was compared with a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the K88 pilus antigen and enterotoxin-producing E. coli. Isolates from clinical samples were identified on suspensions of bacteria. The sensitivity of the assay was in the nanogram-per-ml range as determined by measuring purified pili.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Plasma And Milk Oxytetracycline Levels In Post Parturient Sows (1981), D Schoneweis, S Hummels, L Schulteis Jan 1981

Plasma And Milk Oxytetracycline Levels In Post Parturient Sows (1981), D Schoneweis, S Hummels, L Schulteis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Plasma and milk samples were collected from three sows injected with LA 200 at 4 hours after injection and at 24-hour intervals thereafter. The single dose was calculated at 1 ml/22 pounds.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 12, 1981

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Alfalfa Haylage For Sows During Gestation (1981), G L. Allee Jan 1981

Alfalfa Haylage For Sows During Gestation (1981), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Digestion and nitrogen retention studies suggest that three pounds of good quality alfalfa haylage dry matter and two pounds of a grain, mineral, and vitamin premix will meet the nutritional requirements of sows during gestation. Quality of the haylage is extremely important for sows. Third-cutting alfalfa had a higher digestible energy and digestible protein than did the more mature first-cutting haylage. The digestible energy of alfalfa haylage for sows was 954 to 1,096 Kcal/pound. Sows fed alfalfa haylage and ONLY ONE pound of a grain vitamin and mineral premix farrowed pigs that were lighter at birth than pigs farrowed from …

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Whey, Steam Rolled Or Whole Oats, And Fishmeal Or Meat And Bone Scraps For Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines Jan 1981

Whey, Steam Rolled Or Whole Oats, And Fishmeal Or Meat And Bone Scraps For Weaned Pigs (1981), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In two feeding trials, the use of whey, steam rolled or ground oats, fishmeal or meat and bone scraps in starter diets for the weaned pig was evaluated. In Trial I, pigs fed the basal corn-soybean meal diet gained 5% slower than pigs fed diets containing 8.75% whey, with either 8.75% steam rolled or ground oats and 2.5% fishmeal or meat and bone scraps. The pounds of feed required per pound of gain were similar for all diets, resulting in the cheapest gain with the corn-soybean meal basal diet. In Trial II, 192 lighter pigs were used (13 to 24 …

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The Toxicity Of Liquid Supplements Containing Urea, E.E. Bartley Jan 1981

The Toxicity Of Liquid Supplements Containing Urea, E.E. Bartley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid supplement manufacturers must provide a product that is effectively utilized and is nontoxic. Toxicity can be reduced if the supplement's pH is below 3.8, but low pH alone does not improve nutritive value. A good fermentable source of carbohydrate, like molasses or cooked starch, should be provided in adequate amount. When water or lignin sulfonates are substituted for good carbohydrate, urea utilization is reduced and the risk of toxicity is increased. Cattle that are hungry or starved from blizzard conditions or feed restriction are much more susceptible to ammonia toxicity than cattle kept full, so limit the availability of …

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Effects Of Protein Level, Calcium:Phosphorous Ratio And Monensin On Performance Of Finishing Steers, S. Durham, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1981

Effects Of Protein Level, Calcium:Phosphorous Ratio And Monensin On Performance Of Finishing Steers, S. Durham, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ration crude protein levels of 10.4% and 12.0% were fed with or without monensin and with calcium-to-phosphorous ratios (Ca:P) of 1:2, 2:1, or 1:1. Steers fed 10.4% crude protein, a 1:1 Ca:P, and Monensin had highest average daily gains and were most efficient. Extra protein in the 12% ration or the extra calcium in the 2:1 ration produced no benefits. Phosphorous in the 1:2 Ca:P apparently was excessive, as indicated by depressed daily gain and poorer efficiency. Monensin significantly increased average daily gain and improved feed efficiency.

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Effects Of Dressing Procedures Upon Yield And Quality Of The Beef Tenderloin, P.E. De Felicio, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1981

Effects Of Dressing Procedures Upon Yield And Quality Of The Beef Tenderloin, P.E. De Felicio, Dell M. Allen, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Removing kidney fat at slaughter did not affect (P>.05) the chilled or chilled-and-aged weights of the tenderloin. But small differences in tenderness and color at the beginning of the display period favored the conventional dressing procedure.

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Effect Of Limited Suckling On Reproductive Performance And Milk Production Of Cows And Weight Gains And Suckling Behavior Of Calves, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles Jan 1981

Effect Of Limited Suckling On Reproductive Performance And Milk Production Of Cows And Weight Gains And Suckling Behavior Of Calves, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 109 Polled Hereford and percentage Simmental cows to evaluate limited suckling as an aid to induce cows to cycle after calving. Cows were allotted to: 1. once daily suckle; 2. twice daily suckle; 3. 48 hr calf removal (just before breeding season); and 4. controls (suckle ad libitum). Half of each group was implanted with Norgestomet 9 days before the breeding season. Limited suckling increased the number of cows showing estrus and conceiving early in the breeding season, and Norgestomet increased the percentage pregnant the first 21 days of the breeding season.

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Effects Of Weaning Weight On Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1981

Effects Of Weaning Weight On Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fertility during the first two breeding seasons was not affected by the dam's weaning weight, but lightest heifers at weaning reached puberty later, had smaller pelvic areas at calving, more difficult deliveries, had more calves die, and weaned a smaller percentage of their calves.

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Four Ear Tags Evaluated, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah Jan 1981

Four Ear Tags Evaluated, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four types of ear tags were evaluated for retention over 2 years. Retention was low for one type, and high for the other three types.

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Growing Rations Of Forage Sorghum Silage And Alfalfa Haylage, H. Ilg, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1981

Growing Rations Of Forage Sorghum Silage And Alfalfa Haylage, H. Ilg, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growing rations containing forage sorghum silage (FSS) or equal amounts of FSS and alfalfa haylage were fed to crossbred steer calves for 112 days. Steers consumed more of the FSS + haylage but rate and efficiency of gain were best for steers fed the FSS. We calculated the value of alfalfa haylage at various prices for FSS and soybean meal.

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Commercial Silage Additive Trials, K. Bolsen Jan 1981

Commercial Silage Additive Trials, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most Kansas grown crops can be harvested, stored, and fed as silage. A good silage fermentation should produce a well-preserved, palatable feed with minimum nutrient loss, but making a good silage requires good management. The crop must be harvested at the proper maturity and moisture, be finely chopped, and be tightly packed in the silo. Numerous commercial silage additives, whose manufacturers make various claims for improving silage quality, are available. Last year, we reported on 5 trials involving six commercial additives (Report of Progress 377). Each additive improved the silage in at least one of the four criteria we evaluate.

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