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Systematics And Evolutionary Relationships Of Spiny Pocket Mice, Genus Liomys, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Introduction

Spiny pocket mice of the genus Liomys are members of the rodent family Heteromyidae and together with the genus Heteromys form the subfamily Heteromyinae. Their geographic range extends from northern Sonora, in western Mexico, and southern Texas southward to the vicinity of the Panama Canal Zone. Within this area, members of the genus occur mainly in dry to arid situations being replaced in areas of rain forest and cloud forest by members of the genus Heteromys. The vernacular name for Liomys is based on the fact that many of their hairs have been modified in the form of …

Influence Of Fly Control On Incidence Of Pinkeye And On Calf Performance, R.R. Schalles, M. Mckee, J. Evans, Duane L. Davis, C.W. Jr. Pitts

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Controlling flies significantly decreased incidence of pinkeye in cattle on native Flint Hill range. There was no difference in the average weaning weight of groups sprayed or not sprayed. However individuals severely affected with pinkeye were much lighter than the average.

Worming Steers Grazing Summer Bluestem Pasture, E.F. Smith, J.S. Woolfolk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and sixty- three black steers averaging 402 pounds were grazed from May 2 to October 3, 1972, on native bluestem pasture. They were assembled by a buying firm in Memphis, Tenn., and delivered March, 1972, averaging about 350 pounds. They were fed corn silage, alfalfa hay, and about 5 pounds of grain each daily until started on test May 2. They were allotted to different pastures described in Table 1. Even numbered steers in each pasture (about half) received one bolus of thiabendazole (15 grams) as a worming agent. The worming agent did not significant affect gains.

Response Of Yearling Steers To Burning, Fertilization, And Intensive Early Season Stocking Of Bluestem Pasture, J.S. Woolfolk, L.H. Harbers, R.R. Schalles, Leland James Allen, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four hundred ninety-two acres of native bluestem range were divided into nine pastures for summer grazing by yearling steers. Five pastures were burned April 28; four were not burned. Burned and not burned pastures were treated with 0, 40, or 80 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially as granular urea. Stocking rates were determined from previous work on herbage production from experimental plots under similar treatments. Both average daily gains and weight gains per acre were greater from each burned treatment than from not burned treatments with similar fertilization and stocking rate. Steers grazing an early-season-stocked pasture intensively for …

Protein Blocks For Gestating Beef Cows Wintered On Bluestem Pasture: Soybean Meal And Starea Compared, E.L. Shiawoya, L.H. Harbers, J.D. Evans, R.M Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pregnant Hereford and Angus cows wintered on native bluestem pasture were used to compare soybean-meal and Starea-containing blocks and protein supplements. Cow weight changes were similar with both supplements. Consumption of Starea supplement declined throughout the trial, while soybean meal block consumption remained constant.

Steam Flaking Conditions And Gelatinization In Sorghum Grain, G.M. Roth, B.E. Brent, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Gelatinization was measured in flaked sorghum grain that weighed 16.5 to 47 lbs. a bushel. Samples were steamed from 20 to 50 minutes, and varied in moisture content from 16.9 to 20.9% as they entered the chamber. Gelatinization was measured by an enzymatic gas production technique and compare with an extruded sample assumed to be 100% gelatinized. Each 1 lb. a bushel decrease in weight between 16.5 and 38 lbs. increased gelatinization 3.65 percent. Each 10 min. increase in steaming time increased gelatinization only 1.5%. Changes in grain moisture between 16.9 and 20.9% only slightly influenced gelatinization percentage. Between 20 …

Digestibility Of Nine Hybrid Sorghum Grains Fed To Finishing Steers Winter 1971-72, R.L. Mccollough, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine hybrid sorghum grains representing hetero-yellow, all-waxy, white, part-waxy, and white endosperm were fed to finishing steers to determine digestibility. Hybrids were all planted on the same irrigated bottom field and harvested and stored separately till fed. The sorghum grains were dry-rolled and incorporated into 90% concentrate rations. Digestibilities were determined using chromic oxide.

Lysine Supplementation Of Low-Protein Diets For Finishing Pigs (1973), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four experiments involving 311 finishing pigs (112 to 220 pounds) were conducted to determine the minimum level of soybean meal necessary to supply all essential amino acids except lysine that are deficient in milo or corn and to determine the influence of lysine supplementation of low protein diets for finishing pigs. The results of three trials using milo as the grain source demonstrated that pigs fed milo supplemented with 7.5% soybean meal and lysine gained at the same rate and were just as efficient in feed utilization as pigs fed milo supplemented with 15% soybean meal. Carcass composition as measured …

Influence Of Diet Lysine Level On Performance Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts (1973), K C. Ferrell, G L. Allee, B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred eighteen barrows and gilts were used to evaluate adding lysine to a 11.2% crude protein, milo-soybean meal ration. Rate of gain was significantly improved (P<.05) in both barrows and gilts receiving the higher dietary levels of lysine, but not feed efficiency. Loin-eye area of barrows receiving three levels of lysine was not affected, but loin-eye area of gilts was significantly improved by the addition of lysine to the diet. Carcass length, backfat thickness and ham and loin percentage were not improved in either barrows or gilts. Rate of gain, feed efficiency, and carcass parameters did not differ significantly for pigs fed .65 or .80% lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November, 1973

Influence Of Various Antibacterial Preparations On Rate And Efficiency Of Gain By Young Pigs (1973), G L. Allee, D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 128 pigs were conducted to study the effects of antibacterial preparations on rate and efficiency of gain by young pigs. In both trials, the antibacterial preparations increased rate of gain. In trial I, there were no differences in performance of pigs fed ASP-250, Mecadox, or TNA-290. In the second trial, pigs fed Mecadox gained faster than pigs fed ASP-250, Furox or Neo-Terramycin. Pigs fed diets supplemented with the various antibacterial preparations utilized feed more efficiently than those fed the nonmedicated basal diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November, 1973

Muscling Selection In Swine And Its Effect On Carcass Traits (1973), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, C H. Chang, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs farrowed in May, 1972, were the first born in the select and control lines. Performances of animals in the two lines were essentially the same. However, ham firmness and color differed significantly (P<0.0l) between lines, with those in the select line firmer and darker than those from the control line.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November, 1973

Efficacy Of Virginiamycin As A Prophylactic Drug To Prevent Swine Dysentery (1973), D A. Schoneweis, G A. Kennedy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight feeder pigs were used in an experiment to determine Virginiamycin's effectiveness in preventing swine dysentery. Thirteen of 24 controls and one of 24 that received the antibiotic at either 25 or 50 grams per ton of feed died of swine dysentery or complications. Feed conversion ratio was markedly improved by the antibiotic. Virginiamycin was judged effective in preventing clinical cases of swine dysentery, but it has not been cleared for use in swine. Swine dysentery, also known as bloody dysentery, vibrionic dysentery, bloody scours, or black scours, is a infectious, enteric disease of swine. It is serious in many …

Predicted Digestible Energy And Protein Intakes Of Steers Grazing Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, M.R. Rao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Digestible protein and energy intakes by steers grazing native bluestem pastures were estimated using prediction equations established at this station. Digestible energy intakes appear to be satisfactory for yearling steers on burned and unburned pastures. Digestible protein intake is probably grater on burned than on unburned pastures; however, that nutrient becomes limiting during the grazing season.

Supplemental Feed For Calves Prior To Weaning, J.S. Woolfolk, K. Conway, R.R. Schalles, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A mixture of 60% dehydrated alfalfa crumbles and 40% dry rolled sorghum grain was fed ad lib to calves 30 days before weaning. The calves ate an average of 2.6 lbs. per day and gained 0.32 lbs more per day average during the 30 days than calves receiving no supplemental feed. During the next 30 days all calves received the ration ad lib. Calves continuing on the ration gained 0.48 lbs. more per day average than those that had received no supplement before weaning.

Beef Cattle Commercial Feedlot Studies Trial 1—Effects On Steer Performance Of Variable Protein Levels, Implanting, And Worming, Jack G. Riley, K.F. Harrison, D.L. Good

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 112-day trial used 280 mixed-breed yearling steers to study effects of varying protein levels in finishing steers rations. Crude protein content ranged from 15.1 percent for the first 28 days to 8.9 percent crude protein the final 28 days. Feeding a 15.1% crude protein ration for 28 days and a 13.2% crude protein ration the second 28 days or feeding a 13.2% crude protein ration for the first 56 days did not significantly improve total gain compared with feeding an 11.2% crude protein (control) ration.

Grey Kangaroo Management Programme, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Grey Kangaroo Management Programme, introduced in 1971 by the Department of Fisheries and Fauna, is designed to ensure the long-term conservation of the grey kangaroo, while at the same time recognising the right of the landholder to protect his primary production from damage.

One of the points which has arisen after examination of the programme is that some individual farmers are not fully aware of the requirements of the regulations.

Effects Of Supplemental Lysine, Methionine, And Threonine On Weanling Pigs Fed A Low-Protein Milo-Soybean Meal Diet (1973), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials involving 331 weanling pigs (5 to 7 weeks old and weighing 20 to 33 pounds) were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing low-protein starter diets with crystalline amino aqids. In trials I and II, milo-soybean meal diets containing 12, 14, or 16% protein were supplemented so each contained the same quantity of lysine as an 18% protein, milo-soybean meal diet. Weight gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the 16% protein lysine-supplemented diet was equivalent to that of pigs fed the 18% protein milo-soybean meal diet. Trial III evaluated 14, 16, 18, and 20% protein milo-soybean meal …

Effects Of Endosperm Type On Nutritional Value Of Sorghum Grain For Swine (1973), G L. Allee, K Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials, a digestion trial, and a preference trial were conducted to evaluate the effects of endosperm type on the nutritional value of sorghum grain in swine diets. Endosperm types evaluated were: (1) white endosperm--red seed coat;(2) Heterozygous yellow endosperm--bronze seed coat; (3) homozygous yellow endosperm--yellow seed coat. In trial I, 63 pigs averaging 47 pounds were used in a 28-day experiment. Performance of pigs in trial I was not influenced by endosperm type. A digestion study using 51 pound pigs showed endosperm type making no significant difference in protein digestibility or nitrogen retention. Trial II involved 81 finishing …

The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization And Annual Burning Of Bluestem Pastures On Cows, Calves, And Vegetation, J.S. Woolfolk, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Leland James Allen, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six native Bluestem pastures and spring-calving cows were used to evaluate effects of burning and fertilizing pastures. Two pastures were controls, two were burned, and two were burned and fertilized with 40 pounds of urea nitrogen an acre applied aerially. Average daily gain of the calves did not differ significantly among pastures. Pounds of beef produced per acre was significantly higher from the burned, fertilized pastures, which supported heavier stocking rates with increased herbage production.

Effects Of Organic Acids On The Preservation And Feeding Value Of Dry And High-Moisture Milo, O.J. Cox, K.K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, D.B. Sauer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The four milo treatments studied were: (1) artificially dried, (2) artificially dried+ organic acids, (3) high-moisture ensiled and (4) high-moisture + organic acids. The dry milo and high-moisture milo contained 14 and 24 percent moisture, respectively. Milo in treatments 1, 2, and 4 was stored in unlined concrete bins; milo in treatment 3 was ensiled in an air-tight silo.

Summary Of Feedlot Performance And Digestibilities Of Steers Fed 13 Hybrid Sorghum And 2 Hybrid Corn Grains, R.L. Mccollough

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two years and 270 head of steers were used to determine the feeding value of 13 hybrid sorghum grains and 2 hybrid corn grains fed in dry-rolled high-concentrate rations fed to finishing steers. The 15 corn and sorghum hybrids represented 7 endosperm types: hetero-yellow, white, all-waxy (amylopectin-type starch), part-waxy, and bird-resistant endosperm sorghum grains, regular yellow dent corn and high-oil corn. The grains ( 9 hybrids in each of 2 years and 3 hybrids replicated between years) were produced in the same field, and conditions were similar for each year and each hybrid. Each year, 15 head of steers were …

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattles Types—A Preliminary Report, H.J. Tuma, Dell M. Allen, M.L. May, M.D. Albrecht, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains results from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program. Dr. Keith Gregory and Dr. Hudson Glimp, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, initiated and designed the cattle germ plasm evaluation program. Dr. Dan Laster and Dr. John Crouse are currently working on the project from the Research Center. Kansas State University and the Livestock Division, C&MS, U.S.D.A. are cooperating on the project.

Effects Of Various Uterine Treatments On Calving-To-Conception Interval, G. Kiracofe, G.R. Brower, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows were given intrauterine infusions of enzymes, antibacterials, bacteria, or a combination of enzymes and antibacterials after calving to study basic changes in the post-partum uterus and effect on rebreeding. The group given nitrofurazone, an antibacterial compound, had the highest conception rate; however, calving-to-conception interval was lengthened. Combining proteolytic enzymes with the nitrofurazone gave an intercal to conception similar to that of control cows. Nitrofurazone caused this uterine lining to erode. Combining enzymes with nitrofurazone prevented some of the erosion. Innoculating the uterus with bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) after calving did not affect the calving-to-conception interval.

Feed Flavors In Swine Starter Rations (1973), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nursing litters given a choice of flavored or unflavored diets responded by consuming more flavored diet. Pre-weaning feeding did alter the preference patterns of the post-weaned pigs. Pigs fed only basal ration as creep exhibited a varied preference pattern during the post-weaning preference trial. Pigs with access to flavored diet during the creep period exhibited a continued preference for the flavored diet during the post-weaning phase. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and the feed/gain ratios were similar for post-weaned pigs offered only flavored or control diet regardless of the pre-weaning treatment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November, 1973

Limiting Amino Acids In Milo For The Growing Pig (1973), T E. Eckert, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three growth trials and two nitrogen retention trials were conducted with 118 growing pigs to determine the limiting amino acids in milo. Lysine supplementation of the basal milo diet markedly improved daily gain, feed efficiency, and nitrogen retention. Adding threonine to diets containing supplemental lysine or lysine and methionine increased daily gain and improved feed efficiency. Similarly nitrogen retention was increased by adding threonine to the basal milo diet supplemented with lysine. Supplementing the basal milo diet with methionine in the presence of lysine gave no beneficial response in two trials and markedly depressed growth in a third. Supplementing with …

Influence Of Feeding Frequency On Performance And Nitrogen Metabolism In Gestating Swine (1973), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The influence of feeding frequency on performance and nitrogen metabolism in gestating swine was studied by feeding 4 pounds daily, 8 pounds every other day, or 12 pounds every third day. All animals were maintained in dry lots with portable housing and were fed a 12%-protein, corn-soybean meal diet in individual feeding stalls. Three successive 6 day collection studies were conducted with 6 gilts. Nitrogen digestibility was not influenced by feeding frequency. However, nitrogen retention decreased as intervals between feeding increased. Gilts fed 4 pounds daily retained more nitrogen than those fed 8 pounds every other day, while those fed …

Coffee Grounds In Swine Rations (1973), T F. Balogun, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As little as 10% of coffee grounds depressed the feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs and finishing pigs. Apparently, reduced growth rate resulted from lack of palatability rather than any toxic factor in the coffee grounds.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November, 1973

Winter Nutrition Of Spring Calving Cows On Flint Hills Range, Duane L. Davis, R.R. Schalles, C.L. Drake, G. Kiracofe, B.E. Brent, M. Mckee, J. Evans

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Energy appears to be the limiting factor in the rations studied. Three lbs. of milo was superior to 1 1/2 lbs. of soybean meal when date of breeding was considered. In the second trial 3 lbs. of alfalfa and 6 lbs. of milo was superior to 3 lbs. of alfalfa hay and 3 lbs. of milo. Delaying feeding grain until after calving did not give satisfactory results. Possibly additional energy was supplemented too late to be effective.

Four Forage Sorghum Silage Additives Evaluated, K.K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, J.D. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluated four forage sorghum silage additives: ammonium iso-butyrate, aureomycin, sodium hydroxide, and a mixture of acetic and propionic acids. A control silage received no additives.

Adapted Rumen Microorganisms (Arm) For Feedlot Cattle, Jack G. Riley, K.K. Bolsen, D.L. Good

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials using 200 mixed breed steers were conducted to determine effects of 0,3, 6, or 12-ounce drenches of Adapted Rumen Microorganisms (ARM) on subsequent feedlot performance. An 85 percent concentrate ration was fed for 90-days before drenching with ARM. Steers receiving the 12-ounce treatment in trial gained 14.4 pounds more per head during the next 60-day feeding period. The 3 and 6-ounce treatments were less beneficial . The 12-ounce treatment in trial 2 produced a highly significant (P<.01) 15% increase in rate of gain and a 12.5% increase in efficiency compared with the control group.