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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Climate, Physiology, And Distributions: The Role Of Thermal Physiology In Biological Invasions, Sean D. Powers
Climate, Physiology, And Distributions: The Role Of Thermal Physiology In Biological Invasions, Sean D. Powers
Theses and Dissertations
Climate is a primary factor influencing species range dynamics, particularly for ectotherms whose body temperature is closely tied to the surrounding conditions. While range shifts of ectotherms are attributed to climate warming, the mechanism driving these shifts are not well understood. Studies in macrophysiology demonstrate that the interaction of climate with thermal physiology plays a key role in determining large-scale spatial and temporal patterns for many temperature-sensitive physiological traits. This work has revealed a clear relationship between thermal tolerance breadth and range size. However, more recent analyses of this relationship demonstrate that thermal tolerance breadth only provides a partial explanation …
Maximal Strength Training Increases Metabolic Energy Expenditure In Sedentary Adults Classified As Obese, Robert E. Anderson Iii
Maximal Strength Training Increases Metabolic Energy Expenditure In Sedentary Adults Classified As Obese, Robert E. Anderson Iii
Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems
Background: Metabolic adaptations reduce resting and non-resting energy expenditure to account for approximately 120 kcal/day. Weight loss promotes greater skeletal muscle efficiency, reducing the energy cost of physical activity and is correlated with declines in skeletal muscle glucose oxidation. Maximal Strength Training (MST) has the potential to upregulate glucose utilization and may offset these metabolic adaptations. Objective: To determine if MST offsets markers of metabolic adaptation by increasing resting and non-resting energy expenditure in sedentary individuals classified as obese. Methods: Five (5) participants (2 females, 3 males), ages 18-35 years, with obesity (BMI 30–45 kg/m2) were enrolled in an 8-week …
Validation Of Prmr Equations In A Non-Caucasian Sample – Ethnicity As A Variable In Predicting Resting Metabolic Rate, Erin N. Bannister
Validation Of Prmr Equations In A Non-Caucasian Sample – Ethnicity As A Variable In Predicting Resting Metabolic Rate, Erin N. Bannister
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
This study intends to identify a predictive resting metabolic rate (pRMR) equation that is predictive of the measured resting metabolic rate (mRMR) in a sample that includes a group of Black Americans. The handful of commonly used pRMR equations, such as the Mifflin- St. Jeor or Harris-Benedict equations, were created without defining the demographics of their populations, while validation of these equations is typically done with almost exclusively Caucasian subjects. Black and brown Americans require the same evidence of precision in predictions of daily energy needs as Caucasian Americans. When applied to non-Caucasian samples, these equations appear in the literature …
Effect Of Hyposaline Stress On Metabolic Rate Of The Invasive Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Hayley C. Hart
Effect Of Hyposaline Stress On Metabolic Rate Of The Invasive Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Hayley C. Hart
Honors Thesis
Climate change is predicted to decrease ocean salinity as the polar ice caps melt and the occurrence of precipitation events increases. Decreased ocean salinity (hyposalinity) may negatively impact marine invertebrates, especially marine mussels, as they are osmoconformers and their internal osmolarity depends on the solute concentration of their environment. Hyposalinity stress may influence cell function and alter mussel physiology. To compensate for the change in the environment, mussels may expend more energy to restore internal osmolarity, which can be assessed by quantifying metabolic rate. Thus, the purpose of our research was to examine the physiological response of Mytilus galloprovincialis, …
Effect Of Water Consumption On Resting Metabolism In Adults, Brittany Leigh Murphy
Effect Of Water Consumption On Resting Metabolism In Adults, Brittany Leigh Murphy
Theses and Dissertations
This study analyzed the acute effect of water consumption on resting metabolic rate (RMR). It was hypothesized that water would have a small, nonclinically significant effect on RMR. Men and women ages 18–40 years participated in a crossover study in which each participant received a No Water and Water condition (order determined randomly) with a 7-day washout period between each condition. Both conditions began with visual analog scales to gauge hunger and thirst levels, urine spectrometry to quantify hydration status, and height and weight measurements. The No Water condition consisted of a 30-minute rest period followed by 45 minutes of …
The Costs Of A Big Brain: How Region Scaling And Energetic Costs Influence Brain Size Evolution In Weakly Electric African Fishes (Mormyridae), Kimberley Varunee Sukhum
The Costs Of A Big Brain: How Region Scaling And Energetic Costs Influence Brain Size Evolution In Weakly Electric African Fishes (Mormyridae), Kimberley Varunee Sukhum
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Brains control an organismճ ability to sense, remember, and respond to the frequently changing world. Brains are composed of multiple regions and systems, which are associated with different processes. These regions are homologous across all vertebrates yet vary greatly in size and shape across clades. While regions can function independently, they also interact extensively. These characteristics make it difficult to predict whether regions can change in size independently from other regions in response to selection (mosaic evolution hypothesis), or whether the brain evolves as a single concerted organ (concerted evolution hypothesis). Further, many traits such as cognition, behavioral flexibility, and …
The Effects Of Crossbreeding And Low Fish Meal Diets On Growth-Related Traits In Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), Katarina H. Doughty
The Effects Of Crossbreeding And Low Fish Meal Diets On Growth-Related Traits In Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), Katarina H. Doughty
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Growth rate is the most important trait that can be manipulated to create more efficient aquaculture. Crossbreeding, where different populations are bred, has the potential to increase performance through release from inbreeding depression. I crossed a farm population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with seven wild populations, then compared growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, swimming speed and metabolic rate between the crossbred and original farmed lines. Crossbreeding resulted in increased growth rates, but had no effect on the other traits. I next evaluated the feasibility of using a diet that replaced fish meal with corn gluten meal and …
Examination Of The Non-Linear V̇O2p Response To Exercise: Non-Invasive Evidence Of Linear Systems Control Using V̇O2p Kinetic Analyses, Daniel A. Keir
Examination Of The Non-Linear V̇O2p Response To Exercise: Non-Invasive Evidence Of Linear Systems Control Using V̇O2p Kinetic Analyses, Daniel A. Keir
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2p) response to exercise has been characterized by exponential kinetics that remain constant regardless of the exercise protocol used to force the change in V̇O2p (kinetics are invariant). A system that responds in this way is classified as “dynamically linear”, implying that a first-order rate reaction controls V̇O2 at the muscle level (V̇O2m). However, slowed V̇O2p kinetics when initiating exercise from raised baseline intensities challenges this notion. The purpose of this thesis was to characterize the rate (τV̇O2p) and magnitude (gain) of adjustment of V̇O2p …
Dehydration In Southern Toads (Anaxyrus Terrestris): Metabolic Costs And Effects Of Temperature Selection, Claire E. Forster
Dehydration In Southern Toads (Anaxyrus Terrestris): Metabolic Costs And Effects Of Temperature Selection, Claire E. Forster
Scripps Senior Theses
Southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris) are ectothermic terrestrial amphibians. As such they are sensitive to thermal and hydric variability. The interactive effect of hydration state and body temperature is not well understood. The aim of this study is to determine if the costs of dehydration vary at different temperatures and if so, whether toads will select different temperatures to minimize these costs. Costs of dehydration were evaluated by measuring metabolic rate at 100% and 85% hydration state, at 30 and 20 oC. Temperature selection of toads at 100% and 85% hydration state was measured using a thermal gradient. …