Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Beef (5)
- Tenderness (5)
- Weaned pigs (4)
- Diet complexity (3)
- Growing swine (3)
-
- Carbadox (2)
- Grower/finisher (2)
- Growing-finishing pigs (2)
- Lean growth (2)
- Phase feeding (2)
- Pigs (2)
- Protein level (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Zinc oxide (2)
- Age at weaning (1)
- Aging (1)
- Apramycin sulfate (1)
- Barley (1)
- Breeding backfat (1)
- Carcass composition (1)
- Classification (1)
- Consumer (1)
- Corn density (1)
- Corn gluten mea (1)
- Dairy plant (1)
- Dairy processing (1)
- Dairy science (1)
- Dark cutting meat (1)
- Digestibility. (1)
- Environment (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department
Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This is the 2002 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes weather data, yield comparisons, crop performance trials, corn trials, soybean trials, winter wheat performance testing, Barley Foliar information, weed and pest control, herbicide demonstrations, canola and flax variety trials and more.
West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This is the 2002 progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, wheat and grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.
Small Grains: 2003 Variety Recommendations (2002 Crop Performance Results), Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
Small Grains: 2003 Variety Recommendations (2002 Crop Performance Results), Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
SDSU Extension Circulars
Variety selection is a fundamental element in a sound crop production program. This report contains variety recommendations, descriptions, and yield data for the spring-seeded small grains – hard red spring wheat, oat, and barley, along with the fall-seeded small grain –hard red winter wheat. Key factors in variety selection include yield, yield stability, maturity, straw strength, height, test weight, quality, and disease resistance. Yield is an important factor; however, a variety with good disease resistance, straw strength, and high grain quality may be more profitable in some cases than the highest yielding variety. Disease resistance information is based on reactions …
Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This publication is our 42nd Annual Progress Report. Many of the crop and livestock research and demonstration projects conducted at the Southeast Research Farm near Beresford, SD in 2002 are featured. It represents the combined talents of many dedicated faculty, staff, graduate students, and administrators associated with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service in cooperation with the members of Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Corporation. Our goal is to provide accurate and reliable information in a timely manner to our agricultural clientele. (See more in text.)
The Efficacy Of Three Objective Systems For Identifying Beef Cuts That Can Be Guaranteed Tender, T.L. Wheeler, D. Vote, J.M. Leheska, S.D. Shackelford, K.E. Belk, D.M. Wulf, B.L. Gwartney, M. Koohmaraie
The Efficacy Of Three Objective Systems For Identifying Beef Cuts That Can Be Guaranteed Tender, T.L. Wheeler, D. Vote, J.M. Leheska, S.D. Shackelford, K.E. Belk, D.M. Wulf, B.L. Gwartney, M. Koohmaraie
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of three objective systems (prototype BeefCam, colorimeter, and slice shear force) for identifying guaranteed tender beef. In Phase I, 308 carcasses (105 Top Choice, 101 Low Choice, and 102 Select) from two commercial plants were tested. In Phase II, 400 carcasses (200 rolled USDA Select and 200 rolled USDA Choice) from one commercial plant were tested. The three systems were evaluated based on progressive certification of the longissimus as “tender” in 10% increments (the best 10, 20, 30%, etc., certified as “tender” by each technology; 100% certification would mean no …
Mapping Intramuscular Tenderness Variation In Four Major Muscles Of The Beef Round, B.J. Reuter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Mapping Intramuscular Tenderness Variation In Four Major Muscles Of The Beef Round, B.J. Reuter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to quantify intramuscular tenderness variation within four muscles from the beef round: biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD). At 48 h postmortem, the BF, ST, SM, and AD were dissected from either the left or right side of ten carcasses, vacuum packaged, and aged for an additional 8 d. Each muscle was then frozen and cut into 2.54- cm-thick steaks perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. Steaks were broiled on electric broilers to an internal temperature of 71°C. Location-specific cores were obtained from each cooked steak, and Warner- …
Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to compare fresh and frozen protocol procedures for Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination on steaks aged for different periods of time. The fresh protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks cooked on the exact day the aging period ended. The frozen protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks that were aged, frozen (−16°C) for approximately 2 mo, thawed for 24 h, and then cooked. Twenty-two strip loin steaks from each of 20 crossbred heifers and steers were individually vacuum-packaged and assigned to either the fresh or frozen protocol and one of 11 aging …
Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller
Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller
Animal Science Faculty Publications
One hundred beef carcasses were selected at three packing plants and were used to determine the relationship between glycolytic potential (GP) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) beef and to determine the effects of DFD status and GP on cooked beef palatability. Eight individual muscles were excised from one hindquarter of each carcass at d 7 postmortem: longissimus lumborum, psoas major, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Ultimate pH, colorimeter readings, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined for all eight muscles at d 7 postmortem. A ninemember trained sensory panel evaluated cooked longissimus lumborum, …
Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei
Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Lean growth potential is currently used to typify pigs when designing nutritional programs The most common method of estimating lean growth type is by measuring gain over the growth-finsih period and obtaining carcass information for the pigs evaluated. This information is placed in a model to calculate lean gain/day. Excess protein is fed to ensure that the genetic potential for lean gain per day is not limited by nutrition. The data reported herein are the results of determining the lean growth potential of the SDSU research herd in 1992 with pigs fed two different protein regimens.
Field Peas Can Be Included In The Phase 2 Diet For Nursery Pigs Without Adverse Effects On Pig Performance, H.H. Stein
Field Peas Can Be Included In The Phase 2 Diet For Nursery Pigs Without Adverse Effects On Pig Performance, H.H. Stein
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Field peas are usually not included in diets for nursery pigs in the US. However, European and Canadian data suggest that field peas may be included in diets for nursery pigs without compromising pig performance (Stefanyshyn et al., 1999). So far, only little research has been conducted in the US to evaluate the effect of including field peas in diets for nursery pigs. Landblom and Poland (1996) reported decreased pig performance if 30 to 50% field peas were included in phase 1 diets for nursery pigs. However, working with extruded peas, they reported no detrimental effects of feeding 20% peas …
Effect Of Nutrient Deletion From Lactation Diets On Feed Consumption And Weight Change Of Sows Intended To Be Culled And On Litter Performance During Lactation And Subsequent Nursery Phase, G.W. Libal
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Sows that are destined to be culled from the herd need only produce milk to support adequate litter growth during the last lactation and need not maintain nutrient stores to support subsequent reproduction processes. Most reduction in lactation performance has been associated with nutrient deficiencies during the gestation period, not nutrient deficiences during lactation. Supplemental sources of trace minerals, vitamins, and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) add cost to the lactation diet. If lactation performance is not affected by nutrient reduction, considerable feed savings could be realized for sows to be culled. Pig performance after weaning is also of concern. …
Effect Of Gestation Gain On Lactation Performance And Return To Estrus Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Gestation Gain On Lactation Performance And Return To Estrus Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
One of the most costly problems in the swine industry is the high turnover rate of sows in the herd. Failure to consume adequate feed and excess weight loss during lactation has been associated with subsequent reproduction problems. Research has proven that high gestation feeding levels and excessive gestation gain results in low lactation feed intake and excessive sow weight loss during lactation. Sows completing their first parity and sows from extremely productive lines have been identified as those most likely to be lost from the operation because of failure to conceive after weaning. Recommended gestation feeding levels often result …
Effect Of Diet Complexity And The Additive Effect Of Pharmacological Levels Of Zno And Carbadox On The Performance Of Weaned Pigs, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Diet Complexity And The Additive Effect Of Pharmacological Levels Of Zno And Carbadox On The Performance Of Weaned Pigs, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The scientific literature documents the efficacy of antibacterial feed additives for weaned pigs. More recently, Feeding therapeutic levels of supplemental zinc (Zn) from zinc oxide (ZnO) stimulated voluntary feed intake and weight gain of young pigs. Over the last decade, research demonstrated that swine diets contianing sub-therapeutic levels of various antibiotics combined with pharmacological levels of copper (Cu) resulted in better performance than when either ingredient was provided individually. In 1982, an additive improvement in performance was found when a sub-therapeutic level (55 mg/kg) of carbodox (CARB) and high level of Cu (125 mg/kg) were provided in combination in a …
Effect Of Added Lysine To Starter Diets Containing Primarily Zein Protein And Formulated To Provide .14% Tryptophan, M.S. Carlson, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton
Effect Of Added Lysine To Starter Diets Containing Primarily Zein Protein And Formulated To Provide .14% Tryptophan, M.S. Carlson, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Corn gluten meal (CGM) is a by-product of the wet milling corn. It is the residue that remains after the bran, germ and starch have been removed and may contain either 41 or 60% crude protein. There is a temptation to use CGM as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) when the cost of SBM is high. The 60% protein CGM contains a greater quantity of protein and more threonine, sulfur amino acids, and other neutral amino acids than 44% protein SBM. However, SBM contains greater amounts of lysine and tryptophan. Previous studies with growing and finishing swine indicated that …
Effects Of 2000 Mg/Kg Zn From Zno Or Carbadox On Performance Of Weaned Pigs As Influenced By Complexity Of Diets, G.W. Libal, T.A. Meyer
Effects Of 2000 Mg/Kg Zn From Zno Or Carbadox On Performance Of Weaned Pigs As Influenced By Complexity Of Diets, G.W. Libal, T.A. Meyer
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The positive effect of pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) from zinc oxide (ZnO), is well documented. Zinc at 3000 mg/kg has been shown to be as effective as carbadox (CARB) in the weaned pigs’ diet. Recent research has demonstrated an unexpected effect on weaned pig performance from adding 3000 mg/kg of Zn from ZnO to simple diets. Normally, pigs fed complex diets with specialty ingredients outperform pigs fed simple diets, primarily because of increased feed intake. However, performance of pigs fed simple diets with added ZnO has been equal to performance of pigs fed complex diets with or without added …
Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral for swine. The requirement for Zn has been suggested to be in the range of 50 to 100 mg/kg for pigs at various stages of growth. The bioavilability of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a source of Zn is lower than other Zn sources such as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) and Znmethionine in weanling pigs. Recent studies have shown that adding pharmacological levels (2000-4000 mg/kg) of Zn as ZnO to corn-soybean meal based diets improved started pig performance and was effective in controlling E. coli scours for weanling pigs. Very high levels …
Effect Of Body Fat Measurement At Breeding And Gestation Energy Level On Farrowing And Lactation Performance Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Records kept by the swine industry reveal that a large precentage of females entering the sow herd are culled prior to reaching their peak reproductive performance expected in their fourth to sixth parity. In herds with low replacement rates over 30% of the females are culled and in herds with high replacement rates this figure exceeds 50% annually. Of those sows not culled for health or structural problems, most are removed because they fail to return to estrus or fail to maintain pregnancy after their first or second litter. Low feed intake and excessive weight loss during lactation have been …
Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
For every stage of growth, pigs have a requirement for essential amino acids provided in a specific ratio and for additional nitrogen provided as amino acids or other nitrogen sources to allow synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The typical manner of balancing swin diets has involved supplying several traditional feed ingredients in a ratio in the diet that meets the required level of the most limiting amino acid leaving excesses of most other amino acids. With this method, considerable nitrogen above that needed for nonessential amino acid synthesis is provided and excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea. …
Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The pricing of corn is baded upon a number of factors including moisture content, test weight, level contaminants, and deterioration of quality. It is understood that high moisture content dilutes the concentration of energy and nutrients. Poor quality because of deterioration during storage and the presence of contaminants lowers the palatability of the ingredient and may have negative health ramifications With less logical reasoning it has been assumed that the feeding value of corn for pigs is related to corn’s bulk density. Low-test weight corn is sold at a discount even if moisture content and quality factors are desirable. Corn …
Lean Growth And Overall Performance Of Pigs During The Finisher Phase As Affected By Lean Growth Potential Determined During The Grower Phase And Dietary Protein Level During The Finisher Phase, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
Lean Growth And Overall Performance Of Pigs During The Finisher Phase As Affected By Lean Growth Potential Determined During The Grower Phase And Dietary Protein Level During The Finisher Phase, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Selection for decreased backfat thickness and faster rate of gain has resulted in pigs with increased potential for lean gain. Although energy intake is the limiting factor for lean growth during the grower period, the underlying limiting factor to support increased protein accretion during the finishing stage seems to be lysine intake. At the finishing phase, pigs consume enough feed per day to meet their energy requirements, but protein is the most limiting nutrient Genetics and sex influence growth performance and protein accretion in finishing pigs. Pigs from different protein requirements and these differences have been associated with differences in …
2001 South Dakota State University Swine Research Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences
2001 South Dakota State University Swine Research Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
This is the complete 2001 Swine Research Report issued by the Department of Animal and Range Sciences.
Effects Of Administration Of Estradiol-17p On The Serum And Anterior Pituitary Igf System In Pigs, L.A. Rempel, J.A. Clapper
Effects Of Administration Of Estradiol-17p On The Serum And Anterior Pituitary Igf System In Pigs, L.A. Rempel, J.A. Clapper
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The anterior pituitary (AP) gland functions as a storage and releasing unit for several hormones; growth hormone (GH), gonadotrophins (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone), prolactin, adrenocorticotropin hormone, and tyroid stimulating hormone. Luteinizing hormone (LH) functions to increase ovarian follicular growth and maturation and responds to increasing concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2) that occur at estrus to cause ovulation. Production and secretion of the protein, insulin-like grwoth factor-I (IGF-I), occurs primarily in the liver, in response to GH release from the anterior pituitary gland. Insulin-like growth factor-I increases glucose uptake, amino acid transport, and glycogen synthesis resulting in increased protein accretion …
Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield
Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
PRRS continues to be the most economically important disease of swine. While the acute reproductive disease is still prevalent, chronic, or endemic PRRS in nursery and grow/finish pigs is a major problem confronting most swine producers. Post-weaning problems in these herds include a 50-85% reduction in growth rates; a 10-30% increase in unmarketable pigs; and a 10-25% increase in psot-weaning morality. Popular protocols to manage PRRSV infections include bredding herd stabilization; elmination of seronegative sub-populations of susceptible gilts; nursery depopulation; and more recently mass vaccination/unidirectional pig flow in the grow/finsih unit. The goal of this project is to determine if …
The Effect Of Including Field Peas In Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs, H.H. Stein
The Effect Of Including Field Peas In Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs, H.H. Stein
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning of the experiment and every two weeks thereafter. The amount of feed dumped in each feed was recorded on a daily basis and feed in the feeders was recorded each time the pigs were weighed. At slaughter, indvidual live wights, the dressed weights, fat depth, loin depth, and the lean meant percentage were measured for each pig. At the end of the experiment, feed disapearance for each pen was calculated for each period. Likewise, average daily weight gain and average gain to feed ratios were calculated for each pen.
Field Application Of A Monoclonal Antibody Panel To Differentiate Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Isolates, E.A. Nelson, H.A. Jones, L. Yang, K.B. Platt
Field Application Of A Monoclonal Antibody Panel To Differentiate Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Isolates, E.A. Nelson, H.A. Jones, L. Yang, K.B. Platt
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is recognized as the most economically devastating disease of swine throughout the world. Nucleotide sequencing and serological studies have deomnstrated sustantial antigenic variation amoung PRRS virus (PRRSV) isolates (Murtaugh, et al., 1995; Nelson, et al., 1993, 1996). Recently, European-like PRRSV isolates have been identified in the US (Rossow, et al. 2000) and other new, highly virulent PRRSV isolates have appeared and affect sows at all stages of gestation causing mortality of adult pigs as well as young pigs (Epperson et al., 1997). Therefore, it is even more important to control the spread of these …
Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
It is generally thought that pigs eat to satisfy their demand for energy and the amount of feed consumed is dependent on the energy density of the diet. Therefore, the amount of feed consumed when an energy-dense diet is fed will be lower than when a low energy diet is fed. Protein is the nutrient that is most frequently adjusted as energy density in the diet is changed. Energy intake influences the rates of deposition of lean and fat tissue. Nitrogen accretion is generally limited by voluntary intake of energy for pigs weighing less than 50 kg but not for …
Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel
Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
It is known that boars, barrows, and gilts grow at different rates and with varying defficiencies. Gilts generally eat less, grow slower, but are more efficient and have leaner carcasses than. One way in which growth may be regulated in pigs is through changes in circulating IGF-I and (or) IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) Insulin-like growth factors-I has been shown to stimulate amino acid and lgucose uptake and increase protein synthesis, while IGFBPs can function to inhibit or protentiate the actions of IGFs. Estradiol has been demonstrated to regulate expression of the IGF system. Administration of estradiol increased serum concentrations of …
Transmission Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus By Semen Is Dose Dependent, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.A. Benfield
Transmission Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus By Semen Is Dose Dependent, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.A. Benfield
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is transmitted through semen via natural mating or atrificial insemination. However, the minimal infective dose of PRRSV required to effect transmission through semen is not known. In this study, we induced estrus in PRRSV seronegative gilts and then artificially inseminated these animals with extended, commercial boar semen “seeded” with difference concentrations (2, 20, 200, 2,000, 20,000, 200,000, or 2,000,000 TCID50/50 ml of semen) of the PRRSV isolate SD 92-23983. Infection of gilts by PRRSV was confirmed by weekly bleedings of these animals to detect serconversion using the commercial IDEXX ELISA. All pigs (n=7) …
Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler
Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Pork color and water-holding capacity defects (pale, soft and exudative, or PSE pork) are functions of muscle pH and cost of the U.S. pork industry $60 million per year (Morgan et al., 1994). Pork with a low ultimate hP (pH<5.5) has a paler color and lower water-holding capacity. Lactic acid build-up is responsible for lowering pH from 7.0, at the time of death, to 5.2-6.0 at 24h postmortem. Postmortem glycolysis produces lactic acid and can only occur in the presence of the substrate glycogen. Therefore, more glycogen in the muscle at slaughter will result in more lactic acid build up and a lower ultimate pH, which will result in a paler color and a lower water-holding capacity (Ellis et al, 1997) Consumption of carbohydrates is the main source of glucose in the blood (Guyton and Hall, 1996). In human studies conducted by Snitker et al., (1997) eight adult males were given one of two isoenergetic diets: a high-carbohydrate diet (75% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 10% as fat), or a low-carbohydrate diet (10% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 75% as fat) for three days. After the three day dietary maniuplation, glycogen content in the vastus lateralis muscle was significatnly lower for the low-carbohydrate subjects; 296 vs 426 mmol glucose/kg dry muscle, respectively (P<0.001) (Snitker et al., 1997). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if feeding ultra-high protein/low carbohydrate swine diets during the final finishing phase could reduce muscle glycogen and thereby imporve pork muscle quality.
The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson
The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important viral disease of swine. A popular way to diagnose PRRS infection is by detection of PRRS antibodies using a comercial system (HERDCHECK PRRS ELISA-IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, ME). For each sample tested, the system measuers PRRS antibodies and compares the concentration of antibody in the sample with the concentration of antibody in a known positive sample. The system outputs this result as an S:P ratio (sample: positive). Ratios ≥0.40 (the “cut-off” point) are interpreted to mena the sample is PRRS positive. We have observed that animals originating from PRRS negative herds have …