Life Sciences Commons^™

Remote Sensing Observations Of Winter Phytoplankton Blooms Southwest Of The Luzon Strait In The South China Sea, Dan-Ling Tang, I-Hsun Ni, Dana R. Kester, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The Luzon Strait is a channel between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. This area is traditionally classified as an oligotrophic zone with low primary productivity. Even so, high concentrations of pigment were detected 100 km southwest of the Strait through analysis of historical Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data that the Nimbus-7 satellite collected during the winters of 1979 to 1986. These blooms were observed in December 1979, February 1983, February 1985, and January 1986, when sea surface temperatures measured with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAAs) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were 23 to …

Interannual Decline, Compensatory Exploitation, And Conservation Of The Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Population In Winter, Rom Lipcius, Marcel M. Montane

Reports

No abstract provided.

Review Of The Western Australian Pilchard Fishery 12 -16 April 1999, K. L. Cochane

Fisheries management papers

A workshop was held on Monday 12 April 1999 at which presentations were made by representatives of Fisheries WA, speakers from other state fisheries agencies and the Western Australian (WA) pilchard industry. This workshop identified some of the key concerns in the assessment and management of the fishery. This report presents the conclusions reached by the reviewer at the end of the process, which were also presented to members of the WA pilchard fishing industry in Albany on Friday 16 April.

A Near-Surface Microstructure Sensor System Used During Toga Coare. Part Ii: Turbulence Measurements, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas, Peter Hacker, H. Schoeberlein, M. Baker, A. Arjannikov

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

New techniques developed for near-surface turbulence measurements during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) employ a difference in spatial scales of turbulence and surface waves. According to this approach, high relative speed of the measurements provides separation of the turbulence and surface wave signals. During the TOGA COARE field studies, highresolution probes of pressure, temperature, conductivity, fluctuation velocity, and acceleration were mounted on the bow of the vessel at a 1.7-m depth in an undisturbed region ahead of the moving vessel. The localization in narrow frequency bands of the vibrations of the bow sensors allows …

The Coral Reef Fishes Of Broward County Florida, Species And Abundance: A Work In Progress, B. D. Ettinger, David S. Gilliam, L. K. B. Jordan, Robin L. Sherman, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

The inshore environment of Broward County, FL consists of three coral reef/hard bottom reef tracts, separated by sand substrate, running parallel to the coast in sequentially deeper water. At quarter nautical mile intervals, for a five mile coastline section, fishes were censused at western, eastern and crest sites of each of the three reef tracts. On SCUBA and using the Bohnsack/Bannerot point-count method, we recorded: fish abundance, species richness, size, and general habitat of an imaginary cylinder 15 m in diameter. The position of each site was recorded by DGPS after census. One hundred and eighty-one sites were censused during …

Tropical Pacific Near-Surface Currents Estimated From Altimeter, Wind, And Drifter Data, Gary S. E. Lagerloef, Gary T. Mitchum, Roger B. Lukas, Pearn P. Niiler

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Tropical surface currents are estimated from satellite-derived surface topography and wind stress using a physically based statistical model calibrated by 15 m drogue drifters. The model, assumes a surface layer dominated by steady geostrophic and Ekman dynamics. Geostrophy varies smoothly from a beta plane formulation at the equator to an f plane formulation in midlatitude, with the transition occurring at similar to 2 degrees-3 degrees latitude. The transition is treated with a Gaussian weight function having a meridional decay scale that is found to be approximately the Rossby radius (similar to 2.2 degrees latitude). The two-parameter Ekman model represents drifter …

West Florida Continental Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing 2. Dynamics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Dynamics analyses are presented for the west Florida continental shelf response to upwelling favorable, alongshore or offshore winds using a three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation model. These analyses complement the kinematics analyses of Li and Weisberg [1999]. Results are provided on four topics: (1) the response evolutions to quasi steady states, (2) the across-shelf distributions of the vertically integrated alongshore and across-shelf momentum balances, (3) the three-dimensional structures of the terms composing the momentum balance closures, and (4) the model sensitivity to vertical friction parameterization. The response evolution starts with a local wind-driven acceleration, and it transitions over the inner shelf …

North Fork Of The New River Benthic Macroinvertebrate Recruitment Study: Final Report, Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

Over the last several years, the Broward County Department of Natural Resource Protection has identified a series of major environmental problems in the North Fork of the New River, including illegal wastewater sludge discharge and heavy metal contamination of sediments (DNRP 1993 1994). A qualitative survey suggests that benthic macroinvertebrates have been negatively affected (DNRP 1997). Restoration projects have included removal in the summer of 1997 of a remnant sludge blanket from an area of the channel east of Interstate 95 and north of Broward Boulevard. However, the effectiveness of such dredging in terms of habitat restoration has not previously …

Isotope Ratio Studies Of Marine Mammals In Prince William Sound, Donald M. Schell, Amy Hirons

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

Bioavailability And Trophic Transfer Of Humic-Bound Copper From Bacteria To Zooplankton, Emile M. Lores, Jonathan Pennock

School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

ABSTRACT:

The effect of humic acid (HA) on uptake and transfer of Cu by selected marine organisms from the microbial loop was determined. Bacteria grown with and without 15 µg Cu l^-1 and with and without 10 mg Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) l^-1 were fed to Uronema sp. The Uronema were subsequently fed to Acartia tonsa to determine the effect of humic acid on the uptake and transfer of Cu from bacteria to copepods. The presence of 10 mg SRHA l^-1 reduced Cu uptake in A. tonsa by an average of 54% and significantly reduced the …

Validation Of Coral Temperature Calibrations, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, William T. Hyde

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Geochemical analyses of coral skeletons are increasingly used to estimate past sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In this paper we suggest that the standard method of calibrating geochemical time series against a (usually short) local time series requires modification. In order to draw large‐scale inferences about climate from coral proxy data it is also necessary to (1) calibrate against larger fields such as the local gridded data sets and (2) validate results against an independent data set (e.g., early 20th century). This approach has been applied in a pilot study to a coral record from New Caledonia. Despite a high δ18O …

Sorbitol-Fermenting Bifidobacteria As Indicators Of Diffuse Human Faecal Pollution In Estuarine Waters, Mw Rhodes, H Kator

VIMS Articles

Sorbitol fermenting bifidobacteria were evaluated as indicators of non-point source human faecal pollution to three sub-estuaries with elevated faecal coliform densities. Human-specific bifidobacteria correlated with identifiable human sanitary deficiencies in feeder streams to estuarine creeks in two of three watersheds examined, one rural and one moderately developed. Sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria were recovered at densities ranging from 1 to 90 colony-forming-units 100 ml(-1) in 11 of 258 water samples but were undetected in sediment (n = 68) and scat from resident wildlife (deer, muskrat and raccoon, n = 20). Failure to detect sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria in water samples during the summer months was …

Development Of An Expert System Based On A Tidal Prism Water Quality Model For Small Coastal Basins In Virginia, Albert Y. Kuo, Sung-Chan Kim, Kyeong Park, M. Dale Phillips

Reports

No abstract provided.

Regulation And Management Of New Hampshire Estuaries: A Base Programs Analysis, Nh Department Of Fish And Game, Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

PREP Reports & Publications

This report is designed to provide a snapshot of the local, state and federal management framework for the estuaries of the state. Natural resource management, land use regulation, research, education and funding are all important pieces of this framework, and each is reviewed in relation to specific problems of the estuaries. The report first summarizes the issues and potential issues confronting the estuaries and then reviews the existing policies and programs aimed at dealing with these issues.

Final Technical Report For The Enhancement Of Autonomous Marine Vehicle Testing In The South Florida Testing Facility Range, South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (Sfomc) Partners

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The purpose of this grant was to carry out the six scientific experiments on the South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) Range. In addition to the enhancements to the range, work was performed on all six with some being successfully completed while research continues on the long term tasks.

Moolapheonoides Utmas, New Species, From Coral Reefs In The Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea (Amphipoda, Cyproideidae), James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Moolapheonoides utmas, new species, is described from coral reefs at Madang, Papua New Guinea. M. utmas differs from other species in the genus by the large tooth-cusp projecting posteroventrally on article 2 of pereopod 7 and the lower dorsal crest of the urosome. It shares an unusual dorsolateral bulbous projection of pereonite segments 3 and 4 with other cyproideid species Hoplopohoenoides obessa Shoemaker from Florida, and Naraphoenoides mullaya Barnard from Australia. Identification keys for the genus Moolaphoenoides are presented and relationships to other genera in the family are discussed.

Perkinsus Marinus Extracellular Protease Modulates Survival Of Vibrio Vulnificus In Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Hemocytes, Bd Tall, Jf La Peyre, Et Al, M Faisal

VIMS Articles

The in vitro effects of the Perkinsus marinus serine protease on the intracellular survival of Vibrio vulnificus in oyster hemocytes were examined by using a time-course gentamicin internalization assay. Results showed that protease-treated hemocytes were initially slower to internalize V. vulnificus than untreated hemocytes. After 1 h, the elimination of V. vulnificus by treated hemocytes was significantly suppressed compared with hemocytes infected with invasive and noninvasive controls. Our data suggest that the serine protease produced by P. marinas suppresses the vibriocidal activity of oyster hemocytes to effectively eliminate V. vulnificus, potentially leading to conditions favoring higher numbers of vibrios in …

What Does It Take To Become A Marine Scientist?, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Note: This material may not meet current educational standards and is presented as part of the Institute's historical publications.

Collaborative Research: Nitrate Flux Associated With Vertically Migrating Phytoplankton In The Central North Pacific, Cynthia H. Pilskaln

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

This proposal will address a fundamental problem in biological oceanography format he viewpoint that vertically migrating algal mats in the open ocean are instrumental in redistributing nitrogen within the surface waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Using previously funded shiptime, the project will documents Rhizosolenia mat vertical distribution throughout the upper 100-300 m, the quantitative N inputs, and potential for NO₃-release in the surface layers by mats in the central North Pacific gyre. The research will characterize depth of origin, migration times and absolute transport rates by these macroscopic associations and determine if NO₃-release by mat …

Use Of Extractable Lipofuscin For Age Determination Of Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus, Se-Jong Ju, David H. Secor, H. Rodger Harvey

OES Faculty Publications

The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is an economically and ecologically important species in many temperate estuaries, yet stock assessments have been limited to length-based methods for demographic analyses. We evaluated the potential of age pigments (lipofuscins) sequestered in neural tissue of eye-stalks and brains to estimate the age of blue crabs collected from Chesapeake Bay and Chincoteague Bay. The rate of lipofuscin accumulation was determined using crabs of known age reared in the laboratory. Age pigments were extracted from neural tissues (eye-stalk or brain), quantified, and normalized to protein content to allow comparisons across tissue types and crab sizes. Field-collected …

Comments On "On The Utility And Disutility Of Jebar" - Reply, Mark A. Cane, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Draft Shark Bay Pink Snapper Management Plan 1999, Fisheries Western Australia.

Fisheries management papers

This draft management plan was prepared by the Fisheries Department on 12 July 1999 for the Minister for Fisheries for the purpose of facilitating consultation in resepct of the proposal by the Minister to determine a new Management Plan for the Shark Bay Pink Snapper Fishery.

Age And Growth Of Cobia, Rachycentron Canadum, From The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, James S. Franks, James R. Warren, Michael V. Buchanan

Faculty Publications

We examined 1005 cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from recreational catches in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from 1987 to 1995. Specimens ranged from 325 to 1651 mm fork length (FL); females had a mean FL of 1050 mm (n=730) and were significantly larger than males that had a mean FL of 952 mm (n=275). The over all male to female ratio was 1:2.7. Ages of 565 cobia were estimated from thin-sectioned otoliths (sagittae). Marginal-increment analysis of sagittal otoliths showed a single annual minimum during June. Male cobia (n=170; 525-1330 mm FL) ranged from age 0 to 9, and females (n=395; 493-1651 …

The Crest, Summer 1999, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Table of Contents:

• New Research Aquarium System
• Finfish Aquaculture at VIMS
• Virginia Creates State Research Reserve System
• Pollution-Laden Sediments In Constant Flux
• Survey of Mid-Atlantic Sea Scallop Closed Areas
• Pfiesteria Update
• New Computer Program Helps Planners Balance Growth, Protection
• Virginia Sea Grant to Administer Commercial Fishery Resource Program
• VIMS Stranded Sea Turtle Project Underway Coastal Sediments Offer Clues to Climate Change, Pollution
• Seemingly Barren Habitat Proves Vital for Economically Important Virginia Fish (juvenile flounder)

Blue Crab Larval Dispersion And Retention In The Mississippi Bight, Donald R. Johnson, Harriet M. Perry

Faculty Publications

A conceptual hypothesis relating physical forcing to dispersion and retention was developed for blue crab larvae within the Mississippi Eight. The spawning period for blue crabs in the northern Gulf of Mexico is protracted. Hatching of eggs occurs near the barrier islands and mouths of coastal bays from March through October. Larvae are released on ebbing tides and spend the next 30 to 50 d offshore where they develop through seven zoeal stages before undergoing metamorphosis to megalopae. Duration of the megalopal stage is variable but generally persists from 6 to 20 d. Blue crabs recruit to Gulf estuaries as …

Molecular Techniques Reveal Wide Phyletic Diversity Of Heterotrophic Microbes Associated With Discodermia Spp. (Porifera: Demospongiae), Jose V. Lopez, Peter J. Mccarthy, Kathleen E. Janda, Robin Willoughby, Shirley A. Pomponi

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Sponges are well known to harbor large numbers of heterotrophic microbes within their mesohyl. Studies to determine the diversity of these associated microbes have been attempted for only a few shallow water species. We cultured various microorganisms from several species of Discodermia collected from deep water using the 'Johnson-Sea-Link' manned submersibles, and characterised them by standard microbiological identification methods. Characterisation of a small proportion (ca. 10%) of the total and potential eubacterial isolate collection with molecular systematics techniques revealed a wide diversity of microbes. Phylogenetic analyses of 32 small subunit (SSU) 16S-like rRNA gene sequences from different micorbes indicated high …

Local Data Assimilation In The Estimation Of Barotropic And Baroclinic Open Boundary Conditions, Igor Shulman, James K. Lewis, John G. Mayer

Faculty Publications

The problem of data assimilation in the specification of open boundary conditions for limited area models is addressed in this paper. Optimization approaches are detailed, which are based on combining available data on an open boundary with the physics of the hydrodynamical model. In our case the physics is in terms of the flux of energy through the open boundary. These optimized boundary conditions, for both barotropic and baroclinic situations, interpreted physically as special Linearizations of the Bernoulli equation for each normal mode. Because of the complexity of decomposing variables into normal modes for open boundaries with varying bathymetry, we …

West Florida Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing: Kinematics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The barotropic responses of the west Florida continental shelf to idealized upwelling favorable alongshore and offshore wind stresses are studied using the three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation Princeton Ocean Model (POM). When forced with uniform winds, the shelf circulation evolves quickly to a quasi steady state. A southeastward alongshore wind lowers sea level along the coast and drives a southeastward coastal jet with a relatively weak northwestward return flow farther offshore. A southwestward offshore wind lowers sea level along the west Florida coast and raises sea level along the Panhandle coast. Two independent circulation gyres are set up in association with …

Fish Species Richness In Relation To Restored Oyster Reefs, Piankatank River, Virginia, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Articles

Fish assemblages in relation to “reef” structures in marine habitats have been and continue to be topics for research addressing ecological and management questions. Much effort has been spent describing and defining fish assemblages, or groups of species, associated with tropical coral reefs (e.g., Sale 1991 and chapters therein), temperate hard bottom or rocky reefs (e.g., Sedberry and Van Dolah, 1984; Ambrose and Swarbrick, 1989), tropical lava flows (e.g., Godwin and Kosaki, 1989), and artificial “fishing” reefs (e.g., Chandler et al., 1985; Hueckel and Buckley, 1987; Bohnsack, 1989; Feigenbaum et al., 1989; Rountree, 1989; Stephan and Lindquist, 1989). Temperate oyster …

A Preliminary Study Of Predation On Blue Crabs By Three Fish Predators In A Seagrass Bed, R J. Orth, Jacques Van Montfrans, James Fishman

Reports

This report serves as a preliminary assessment of potential feeding impacts on blue crab prey inhabiting a seagrass bed in the York River by three species of recreationally and commercially important fish (striped bass, croaker, and red drum). We also provide an historic perspective indicating possible changes in relative abundance of these predatory fish between the period 1978-1980 and 1998. In no way do we intend for this report to reflect an accurate, bay-wide assessment of these relationships; the extremely limited temporal and spatial scope of this effort precludes such conclusions. However, this report supports the contention that habitat-specific predation …