Life Sciences Commons^™

Assessment Of Shellfish Populations In The Great Bay Estuary, Richard Langan

PREP Reports & Publications

No abstract provided.

The Tim54p–Tim22p Complex Mediates Insertion Of Proteins Into The Mitochondrial Inner Membrane, Oliver Kerscher, Jason Holder, Maithreyan Srinivasan, Roxanne S. Leung, Robert E. Jensen

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have identified a new protein, Tim54p, located in the yeast mitochondrial inner membrane. Tim54p is an essential import component, required for the insertion of at least two polytopic proteins into the inner membrane, but not for the translocation of precursors into the matrix. Several observations suggest that Tim54p and Tim22p are part of a protein complex in the inner membrane distinct from the previously characterized Tim23p-Tim17p complex. First, multiple copies of the TIM22 gene, but not TIM23 or TIM17, suppress the growth defect of a tim54-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. Second, Tim22p can be coprecipitated with Tim54p from detergent-solubilized mitochondria, …

Quantitative Assessment Of Fishing Mortality For Tautog (Tautoga Onitis) In Virginia : Preliminary Report, Geoffrey G. White, James E. Kirkley, Jon A. Lucy

Reports

Tautog (Tautoga onitis) have become a popular food and sport fish from Massachusetts to Virginia over the past ten years. Tautog are a long lived (30 years), late maturing (3-4 years), slow growing species. Although the maximum age recorded in Virginia is 31 years, recent studies have found that over 95% of the population is less than 12 years old (Hostetter and Munroe, 1993; White et aL, 1996). Adult tautog inhabit hard bottom wreck and reef environments, which are limited in Virginia's waters and are easily located and re-located by fishermen. Tautog are known to migrate inshore-offshore in New England …

Meeting Minutes, December 16th, 1997, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Meeting To Order; 1. Minutes:; 2. Membership: Large Increase In The Database. Should Have Some Regular Procedure In Place To Update The Data Base Annually. Database Topics; 3. Treasurers Report; 4. Old Business; Next Reunion; Annual Board Of Directors Meeting; Which Board Members Have Terms Expiring; 5. New Business; Internal Operations And The News Letter; Life Membership Plaques, Caps, And Knives; Merchandise; Video Project; National Forest Service Museum Is Concerned About The Lack Of Nsa Representation At The Nfsm Meetings; Simplifying Payment For Postage And Office And Building Supplies; Newsletter Advertisement; Lowell Hanson's Resignation; New Treasurer Search; Meeting Concluded;

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1997, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1997 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1997 crop season, including: precipitation summary, canola evaluations, flax trials, crop trials and performance test, fertilizer test on corn, row spacing effects on corn, rotation studies.

West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 1997, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1976 progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, wheat and grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.

Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The objective of this model-data intercomparison is to determine the feasibility of deriving an useful index for fluctuations in the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow volume transport. Due to insufficient direct observations and the present limitations in numerical models, accurate estimation of variations in the throughflow transport on seasonal to interannual timescales is not yet possible; however, an index based on weighted, monthly mean sea level anomalies in different regions of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is presented. Numerical model results and sea level from the TQPEX/POSEIDON altimeter show that the large-scale pressure gradient forcing of the throughflow …

Cropwatch No. 97-26, Dec. 12, 1997, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch

Inside

Field reports.............198

Bt corn resource.............199

Farm-saved soybean seed.............201

Seed lab tests.............201

Roundup Ready.............201

Winter Extension meetings.............202

Crop Watch index.............203

Weather update.............206

Regent approved.............206

Crop Watch

Order Form.............206

Intracellular Lipid-Binding Proteins And Their Genes, David A. Bernlohr, Melanie A. Simpson, Ann Vogel Hertzel, Leonard J. Banaszak

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Intracellular lipid-binding proteins are a family of low-molecularweight single-chain polypeptides that form 1:1 complexes with fatty acids, retinoids, or other hydrophobic ligands. These proteins are products of a large multigene family of unlinked loci distributed throughout the genome. Each lipid-binding protein exhibits a distinctive pattern of tissue distribution. Transcriptional control, regulated by a combination of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, allows for a variety of both cell and tissue-specific expression patterns. In some cells, fatty acids increase the expression of the lipid-binding protein genes. Fatty acids, or their metabolites, are activators of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor family of …

Crystal Structure Of The Adenylyl Cyclase Activator G(Sα), Roger K. Sunahara, John J.G. Tesmer, Alfred G. Gilman, Stephen R. Sprang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The crystal structure of G(sα), the heterotrimeric G protein α subunit that stimulates adenylyl cyclase, was determined at 2.5 Å in a complex with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio-triphosphate) (GTPγS). G(sα) is the prototypic member of a of GTP-binding proteins that regulate the activities of effectors in a hormone-dependent manner. Comparison of the structure of G(sα)·GTPγS with that of G(iα)·GTPγS suggest that their effector specificity is primarily dictated by the shape of the binding surface formed by the switch II helix and the α3-β5 loop, despite the high sequence homology of these elements. In contrast, sequence divergence explains the inability of regulators of …

Crystal Structure Of The Catalytic Domains Of Adenylyl Cyclase In A Complex With G(Sα)·Gtpγς, John J.G. Tesmer, Roger K. Sunahara, Alfred G. Gilman, Stephen R. Sprang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The crystal structure of a soluble, catalytically active form of adenylyl cyclase in a complex with its stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein α subunit (G(sα)) and forskolin was determined to a resolution of 2.3 angstroms. When P-site inhibitors were soaked into native crystals of the complex, the active site of adenylyl cyclase was located and structural elements important for substrate recognition and catalysis were identified. On the basis of these and other structures, a molecular mechanism is proposed for the activation of adenylyl cyclase by G(sα).

International Markets, Merlyn Carlson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The potential for International Beef Marketing is both a dynamic and exciting agenda. However, it has been tempered by concern for safety of the food supply. We all recognize a growing percentage of United States beef producers income is tied to beef exports. All preliminary figures point to US. Beef Exports for calendar year 1997 will meet or exceed 1996 levels with an impressive $3 billion sales (wholesale value) or 13 percent of the U.S. beef supply.

Export opportunities are growing for the beef industry, not only from population growth but also from a booming growth in disposable income which …

Future Of International Markets – Beef Cattle, Norman L. Dalsted

Range Beef Cow Symposium

As cattle producers are slowly working their way through the downturn in the current "infamous" cattle cycle what will the next century bring. At the turn of the last century the cattle industry was in its infancy relative to the position it currently holds in the U.S. agricultural sector. Some experts often refer to the cattle business as a mature, well established entity indicating that cattle producers, processors, and packers represent an established, stable component of the agricultural sector. However, the dynamics of this industry are anything but stable to the individual cattle producer. Thus, as we enter the 21st …

Beef Quality Assurance–Past, Present, Future, Gary C. Smith, J. D. Tatum, K. E. Belk

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The Beef Quality Assurance Task Force (BQATF) was formed in early 1986 when three NCBA (then, the National Cattlemen's Association) Policy Committees independently directed NCBA to address "the growing issue of consumer concern about the safety and wholesomeness of beef." It was believed that the cattle industry's efforts aimed at improving beefs image as a healthful food with regard to its nutrient profile could not stand alone, and that lingering consumer concerns about drug and chemical residues in beef could negate any progress made in the diet/health area. Consequently, the BQATF (then, the Beef Safety Assurance Task Force) was formed …

Realities Of Cow Herd Genetics: Expectations And Impact, Don Marshall

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Beef cattle production in the United States remains largely a segmented rather than integrated industry. The needs and goals of the various segments of the production chain, with respect to production specification targets, are often different and sometimes conflicting. The resulting inadequate response of the industry to consumer needs has occurred at the same time as intensified competition from pork and poultry products, each of which has contributed to the decline of beef consumption.

Seedstock and commercial cow-calf producers represent particularly important links in the beef production chain because they have primary control of the genetics and produce the ''raw …

Bull Genetics: Purebreds, Composites, Full-Sibs And Half-Sibs, James A. Gosey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Expected Progeny Differences (EPD's) are currently calculated for a range of traits important to ranch profitability. These EPD's are mostly used for bull selection within a breed. The list of traits for which EPD's are available is certainly not complete; notable exceptions are reproduction and fitness traits plus some measure of tenderness. Across-breed EPD adjustments are available to provide a basis for comparing bulls of different breeds. EPD's for composite bulls can be calculated but are mostly confined to within herd data without the benefit of data base sharing between breeds. The perceived desire for uniformity and consistency may encourage …

Selection Emphasis For Carcass Traits, John Crouch

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Carcass evaluation for the Angus breed was conceived by Dr. Richard Willham and co-researchers at Iowa State University in 1972 as part of the original sire evaluation program. This very structured program consisted of random mating schemes throughout several commercial herds using the same set of bulls. These sires were later referred to as the original set of reference sires for the Angus breed and served as foundation benchmarks for future evaluation.

This structured sire evaluation program is still in place. While it has been refined and altered by Dr. Doyle Wilson to fit today's needs, the basic principles are …

Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Hana Van Campen

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a common viral infection of cattle worldwide. The viruses responsible for BVD are classified as pestiviruses, a group of viruses that includes BVDV type I and type II, Border disease virus of sheep and hog cholera virus. Although BVD was first recognized as a disease of cattle 50 years ago, the genetics and epidemiology of BVD viruses have only been well-described in the last 10 years. These scientific advances have increased the accuracy of diagnostic testing for BVD and clarified the diseases caused by BVD viruses.

BVD is a confusing topic because the viruses cause …

Addressing The Beef Tenderness Problem, Chris R. Calkins

Range Beef Cow Symposium

We've all heard time and again the importance of beef tenderness to customer satisfaction. Research continually supports this concept. In the Beef Customer Satisfaction report from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, tenderness was highly correlated to consumer ratings of their satisfaction with the product (r=.85), as was flavor desirability (r=.86). Recent focus group participants in a session discussing beef quality were quick to identify tenderness as one of the primary descriptors to quality. There is no doubt that tenderness is a critical characteristic of beef and providing product which does not meet consumer expectations will definitely reduce satisfaction with the …

Overview Of A Tqm Approach For Improving Beef Tenderness, J. D. Tatum, M. H. George, K. E. Belk, G. C. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Steers and heifers comprising the U.S. "fed" beef supply are highly variable in biological type, age, and management background (most are grain-finished, but they are started on feed at different ages, given different growth promoting implants, fed for differing periods of time, and slaughtered at different ages). The beef industry's current system for ensuring acceptable product tenderness involves "mass inspection" (USDA Quality Grading) of completed products (carcasses) at the end of the production process. Although this system results in general categorization according to tenderness differences, product value is lost due to inaccuracy of sorting methodology (Quality Grades account for approximately …

Reproductive Toxicology: Pine Needles And Plant Estrogens, R. E. Short, S. L. Kronberg, E. E. Grings, J. P. Rosazza, S. P. Ford

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Reproductive rate or efficiency, the number of live offspring produced from a herd of a specified number each year, is the main determinate of biological and economic efficiency of a beef cattle enterprise. Reproduction is a complex and continuous process that starts before birth and continues through puberty and a series of endocrine and behavioral events that include estrous cycles, breeding, conception, gestation, parturition, and lactation. The culmination of reproduction is live offspring produced for sale or for reentering the herd as replacements. Whenever any of these events are interfered with, reproductive rate and economic efficiency will decrease. In most …

B-Maturity: Factors Affecting Physiological Maturity, J. Brad Morgan

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved a change in its grading system in 1996 that became effective January 31, 1997. All carcasses with overall maturity scores of "B'' (from cattle approximately 30 to 42 months of age at slaughter) and with Slight or Small degrees of marbling are excluded from the U.S. Choice and U.S. Select quality grades. In fact these carcasses will only be eligible for the U.S. Choice grade if they possess a minimum of Modest amount of marbling (Figure 1).

"Bull Fertility: Bse, Abnormalities, Etc.", Glenn H. Coulter

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Unlike the dairy breeder or feedlot operator, the beef breeder derives their entire income from calves born into the herd, making fertility unquestionably the most important trait to be considered in a breeding program. Economically, reproductive merit is 5 times more important to the cow-calf producer than growth performance and 10 times more important than product quality (e.g. carcass quality)20, at least until value based marketing becomes a reality. These figures refer to the relative importance of these traits for the beef herd in total and are further magnified when discussing the bull component alone as a result of the …

Calving Difficulty, Robert G. Mortimer

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The recognition of abnormal calving (dystocia) comes FIRST from a basic understanding of normal calving. From this understanding, the establishment of guidelines for observation of cattle and for intervention will reduce calf losses. In Colorado, as part of a pilot program of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS), two-thirds of the costs of disease losses were associated with death loss. From a subset of 73 of the 86 NAHMS herds in studied in 1986- 87 in 24,396 births, 4.5% of the calves were lost. Of the 4.5% losses, 34% were attributed to dystocia related losses. In addition, losses attributed …

Empowering People, Burke Teichert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Empowerment is a function of systems, attitudes and access. A ranching system is a grouping of subsystems which includes biological, climatic, business, financial and managerial processes. The system may be structured to enable and encourage or to impede empowerment of the team members. Access to ideas, research, training, tools, mentoring, modeling, etc. is vital to high level empowering. If the system is right, then the attitudes of the people involved will determine how much empowerment will take place.

Bosses and managers don't empower people. They enable and facilitate, but people at all levels of reporting are responsible for their own …

Networking People, Barry H. Dunn

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The word networking was one of the buzzwords of the eighties. More recently, it has become one of the hot topics of the swine industry. Networking has been defined as a means of gaining access to a set of advantages which by yourself, or with your own resources, you would not be able to acquire. So networking is about working with other people to gain an advantage. The advantage might be in marketing, information, purchasing, labor, or capital investments. There are examples of successful networks in every human endeavor. History is full of examples. But what does networking have to …

Fink Beef Genetics, Galen Fink

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Started in 1977 as a purebred Angus program based totally upon artificial insemination (AI), Fink Beef Genetics has been dedicated to breeding predictable performance for beef producers. It is a family-owned business that I operate with my wife Lori and our daughter Megan.

Recognizing the Angus breed for its maternal strength, we built our program by stacking generations of proven sires and great Angus cow families. The direct influence of landmark sires such as AAR New Trend and Emulation N Bar 5522 headline their foundation. The most important tool used in building our herd has been high accuracy EPDs of …

Pricing/Formula Grids: Which Fit And Which Don't Fit, Dillon M. Feuz

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Over the last couple of years there has been a much greater emphasis on improving the quality and consistency of beef. Cattle producers, breed associations, feed suppliers, and beef packers have all initiated new value based pricing methods. Grid pricing, formula pricing, and strategic alliances are examples of these new value based pricing methods. While these pricing methods may differ substantially in the carcass and management traits they seek to reward or penalize, they all have one common feature: price is established on each individual animal.

The goals of these new pricing methods are to price cattle based on their …

Grazing Animal Diets: When To Supplement, Doug Zalesky

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Despite the fact that we live and operate in the age of technology, the age old question of precisely when to start or when to end supplementation of grazing animals remains. Often the determination of when to begin and when to end supplementation is not based on sound nutritional and/or economic reasons. Currently no one technology or gadget is available that precisely determines when that window of needed supplementation exists. Tradition and the educated guess method has served to make that decision.

The use of such programs as SPA (Standardized Performance Analysis) has allowed producers to more accurately determine the …

Matching Calving Date With Forage Nutrients: Production And Economic Impacts, Richard T. Clark, Don C. Adams, Gregory P. Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Reducing costs while maintaining production is one way to improve the economic performance of a cow-calf operation. In large parts of the beef cattle production area, feed cost is a major factor in determining overall economic efficiency. Harvested forages and purchased feed make up the majority of the total feed cost. A major goal of our work has been to research cow-calf production systems that improve the economic and overall sustainability of the cow-calf operation. Given that feed costs are such an important component of most cow-calf operations we have focused our research on ways to reduce those costs without …