Life Sciences Commons^™

Pioneering Lobster Aquaculture In Rhode Island, Michael A. Rice

Michael A Rice

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers And Organochlorine Pesticides In Human Milk From Massachusetts, Usa, Kathleen Arcaro, B. Johnson-Restrepo, R. Addink, C. Wong, K. Kannan

Kathleen Arcaro

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, and HCB) were measured in human breast milk samples collected across Massachusetts, USA, in 2004. Seventeen PBDE congeners were found in the samples, ranging in concentration from 0.06 to 1910 ng g(-1) lipid wt. BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE), BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE), and BDE-100 (2,2',4,4',6-pentaBDE) were the major congeners detected in breast milk samples. Overall mean (+/-SD) concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, and HCB were 64.5 +/- 75, 18.9 +/- 19, 32.4 +/- 36, and 2.3 +/- 2.2 ng g(-1) lipid wt, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs were strongly correlated with concentrations …

काटाल मात्स्यिकी की प्रबंधन प्रणाली -एक अध्यन (Management System Of Katal Fisheries: An Study), Ganesh Chandra, K K. Sharma, M. Choudhury

Ganesh Chandra

No abstract provided.

Pld1 Is Overexpressed In An Er-Negative Mcf-7 Cell Line Variant And A Subset Of Phospho-Akt-Negative Breast Carcinomas, Kathleen Arcaro, J.M. Gozgit, B.T. Pentecost, S.A. Marconi, C.N. Otis

Kathleen Arcaro

We have used a novel variant of the human oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line, TMX2-28, as a model to study breast cancer. TMX2-28 cells show no detectable levels of mRNA or protein expression for the ER and express basal cytokeratins (CKs) 5, 14, and 17. cDNA microarray comparison between TMX2-28 and its parent cell line, MCF-7, identified 1402 differentially expressed transcripts, one of which was, phospholipase D1 (PLD1). Using real-time RT-PCR, we confirmed that PLD1 mRNA levels are 10-fold higher in TMX2-28 cells than in MCF-7 cells. We next examined PLD1 expression in human breast carcinomas. Phospholipase D1 mRNA …

Physical Properties Of Extrudates Containing Distillers Grains Extruded In A Twin Screw Extruder, Nehru Chevanan, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Extrusion trials were conducted with varying levels of DDGS along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin mix, mineral mix and net protein content adjusted to 28% in a Wenger TX-52 twin screw extruder. The properties of extrudates obtained with experiments conducted in full factorial design with 3 levels of DDGS content, 2 levels of moisture content and 2 levels of screw speed were studied. Increasing the DDGS content from 20% to 60%, resulted in 36.7% decrease in the radial expansion leading to 159%, 61.4% increase in the unit density and bulk density of the extrudates. Increasing the DDGS …

Effect Of Die Dimensions On Extrusion Processing Parameters And Properties Of Ddgs-Based Aquaculture Feeds, Nehru Chevanan, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater, James L. Julson

Kurt A. Rosentrater

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of die nozzle dimensions, barrel temperature profile, and moisture content on DDGS-based extrudate properties and extruder processing parameters. An ingredient blend containing 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, whey, mineral and vitamin mix, with a net protein content adjusted to 28% was extruded in a single-screw laboratory extruder using seven different die nozzles. Increasing moisture content of the ingredient mix from 15 to 25% resulted in a 2.0, 16.0, 16.3, 22.9, 18.5, 32.5, and 63.7% decrease, respectively, in bulk density, water-solubility …

Roles For Estrogen And Progesterone In Breast Cancer Prevention, D. Joseph Jerry

D. Joseph Jerry

Prevention has long been the holy grail of breast cancer research. The significant reduction in breast cancer risk afforded by a full-term pregnancy early in life suggests the great potential of preventive strategies. In contrast to the risks associated with prolonged exposures, exogenous estrogen and progesterone for short durations can mimic the protective effects of pregnancy in carcinogen-induced mammary tumor models. Rajkumar and coworkers have now demonstrated that these hormones protect mice from mammary tumors initiated by a spectrum of oncogenic alterations that are common in breast cancers. Although differences between rodent models and humans remain, the results reveal that …

Occurrence Of Fidicinoides Pauliensis Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) In Coffee Plant In Tapiratiba, Sp, Rodrigo Souza Santos Rss

Rodrigo Souza Santos RSS

This paper presents the first register of Fidicinoides pauliensis Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 in coffee plant in the municipality of Tapiratiba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The characterization and illustrations of the species are presented.

The Effects Of Non-Genetic Factors And Estimation Of Genetic And Phenotypic Parameters And Trends For Milk Yield In Ayrshire Cattle In Kenya, Joshua O. Amimo, J W. Wakhungu, B O. Inyangala, R O. Mosi

Joshua O Amimo

No abstract provided.

An Assessment Of The Efficiency Of The Dairy Bull Dam Selection Methodology In Kenya, J Ombura, J W. Wakhungu, R O. Mosi, Joshua O. Amimo

Joshua O Amimo

No abstract provided.

Incorporating Sheep Into Dryland Grain Production Systems Iii. Impact On Changes In Soil Bulk Density And Soil Nutrient Profiles, P. G. Hatfield, H. B. Goosey, T. M. Spezzano, Sue L. Blodgett, Andrew W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, C. B. Marlow

Andrew W. Lenssen

Changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles are a major concern of dryland grain producers considering grazing sheep on cereal stubble fields. Our objective was to compare burned, grazed, tilled, trampled and clipped wheat stubble fields on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles. Treatments were evaluated in a series of three experiments using a randomized complete block design and four replications at each site. Contrast statements were used to make pre-planned comparisons among treatments. For Experiment 1, treatments were fall tilled, fall grazed, spring grazed, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) grazed, and an untreated control. …

Incorporating Sheep Into Dryland Grain Production Systems Ii. Impact On Changes In Biomass And Weed Density, P. G. Hatfield, Andrew W. Lenssen, T. M. Spezzano, Sue L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, R. W. Kott, C. B. Marlow

Andrew W. Lenssen

Weed control in fallow management to conserve soil moisture and nutrients is the largest variable cost to dryland grain production. Our objective was to compare burning, grazing, tilling, trampling and clipping wheat stubble fields on changes in total above ground biomass and weed density. Treatments were evaluated in three experiments using a randomized complete block design for each experiment with four replications at each site. Contrasts statements were used to make pre-planned comparisons. For experiment 1, treatments were fall tilled, fall grazed, spring grazed, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) grazed, and an untreated control. For grazing treatments, five mature ewes …

Genetic Mapping In Mice Identifies Dmbt1 As A Candidate Modifier Of Breast Cancer Risk, A. C. Blackburn, L. Z. Hills, A. L. Roberts, J. Wang, D. Aud, J Jung, T. Nikolcheva, J. Allard, G. Peltz, C. N. Otis, Q. J. Cao, R. Ricketts, S.P. Mollenhauer, S. P. Naber, D. Malamud, A. Poustka, D. Joseph Jerry

D. Joseph Jerry

Low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles seem to play a significant role in breast cancer risk but are difficult to identify in human cohorts. A genetic screen of 176 N2 backcross progeny of two Trp53+/− strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, which differ in their susceptibility to mammary tumors, identified a modifier of mammary tumor susceptibility in an ∼25-Mb interval on mouse chromosome 7 (designated SuprMam1). Relative to heterozygotes, homozygosity for BALB/c alleles of SuprMam1 significantly decreased mammary tumor latency from 70.7 to 61.1 weeks and increased risk twofold (P = 0.002). Dmbt1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1) was identified as a …

Caspase 3-Dependent Cell Death Of Neurons Contributes To The Pathogenesis Of West Nile Virus Encephalitis, M. A. Samuel, John D. Morrey, M. S. Diamond

John D. Morrey

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic, arthropod-borne flavivirus that has become a significant global cause of viral encephalitis. To examine the mechanisms of WNV-induced neuronal death and the importance of apoptosis in pathogenesis, we evaluated the role of a key apoptotic regulator, caspase 3. WNV infection induced caspase 3 activation and apoptosis in the brains of wild-type mice. Notably, congenic caspase 3–/– mice were more resistant to lethal WNV infection, although there were no significant differences in the tissue viral burdens or the kinetics of viral spread. Instead, decreased neuronal death was observed in the cerebral cortices, brain stems, …

Defining Limits Of Treatment With Humanized Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody For West Nile Virus Neurological Infection In A Hamster Model, John D. Morrey, V. Siddharthan, Aaron L. Olsen, H. Wang, Justin G. Julander, Jeffery O. Hall, H. Li, J. L. Nordstrom, S. Koenig, S. Johnson, M. S. Diamond

John D. Morrey

A potent anti-West Nile virus (anti-WNV)-neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody, hE16, was previously shown to improve the survival of WNV-infected hamsters when it was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), even after the virus had infected neurons in the brain. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic limit of hE16 for the treatment of WNV infection in hamsters by comparing single-dose peripheral (i.p.) therapy with direct administration into the pons through a convection-enhanced delivery (CED) system. At day 5 after infection, treatments with hE16 by the peripheral and the CED routes were equally effective at reducing morbidity and mortality. In contrast, at day 6 …

Efficacy Of Orally Administered T-705 On Lethal Avian Influenza A (H5n1) Virus Infections In Mice, R. W. Sidwell, Dale L. Barnard, C. W. Day, Donald F. Smee, K. W. Bailey, M. H. Wong, John D. Morrey, Y. Furuta

John D. Morrey

T-705 (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) was inhibitory to four strains of avian H5N1 influenza virus in MDCK cells, with the 90% effective concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 7.7 µM, as determined by a virus yield reduction assay. The efficacy was less than that exerted by oseltamivir carboxylate or zanamivir but was greater than that exerted by ribavirin. Experiments with mice lethally infected with influenza A/Duck/MN/1525/81 (H5N1) virus showed that T-705 administered per os once, twice, or four times daily for 5 days beginning 1 h after virus exposure was highly inhibitory to the infection. Dosages from 30 to 300 mg/kg of body weight/day …

Neutralizing Viruses In Suspensions By Copper Oxide-Based Filters, G. Borkow, R. W. Sidwell, Donald F. Smee, Dale L. Barnard, John D. Morrey, H. H. Lara-Villegas, Y. Shemer-Avni, J. Gabbay

John D. Morrey

We report the capacity of copper oxide-containing filters to reduce infectious titers of a panel of viruses spiked into culture media. Enveloped, nonenveloped, RNA, and DNA viruses were affected, suggesting the possibility of using copper oxide-containing devices to deactivate a wide spectrum of infectious viruses found in filterable suspensions.

T Cell Signaling Pathways Inhibited By The Tick Saliva Immunosuppressor, Salp15, Juan Anguita, I.J. Juncadella, R. Garg, S.K. Ananthanarayanan, C.M. Yengo

Juan Anguita

No abstract provided.

P38 Map Kinase Controls Nf-Kb Transcriptional Activation And Tnfa Production Through Rela Phosphorylation Mediated By Msk1 In Response To Borrelia Burgdorferi Antigens, Juan Anguita, C.M. Olsen, M.N. Hedrick, H. Izadi, T.C. Bates, E.R. Olivera

Juan Anguita

No abstract provided.

Hydroperiod And Metamorphosis In The Small-Mouthed Salamander

Travis J. Ryan

Runx2 Is Essential For Larval Hyobranchial Cartilage Formation In Xenopus Laevis, Ryan Kerney, Joshua Gross, James Hanken

Ryan Kerney

The vertebrate transcription factor protein Runx2 is regarded as a “master regulator” of bone formation due to the dramatic loss of the osseous skeleton in the mouse homozygous knockout. However, Runx2 mRNA also is expressed in the pre-hypertrophic cartilaginous skeleton of the mouse and chicken, where its developmental function is largely unknown. Several tiers of Runx2 regulation exist in the mouse, any of which may account for its seeming biological inactivity during early stages of skeletogenesis. Unlike mouse and chicken, zebrafish require Runx2 function in early cartilage differentiation. The present study reveals that the earlier functional role of Runx2 in …

Cranial Ontogeny In Philautus Silus (Anura: Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) Reveals Few Similarities With Other Direct-Developing Anurans, Ryan Kerney, Madhava Meegaskumbura, Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, James Hanken

Ryan Kerney

Direct development has evolved in rhaco- phorine frogs independently from other anuran lineages, thereby offering an opportunity to assess features associ- ated with this derived life history. Using a developmen- tal series of the direct-developing Philautus silus (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) from Sri Lanka, we examine features of cranial morphology that are part of a suite of adaptations that facilitate feeding in free-living tadpoles, but have been changed or lost in other direct-developing lineages. Larval-specific upper jaw cartilages, which are absent from many non-rhacophorine direct-developing species (such as Eleutherodactylus coqui), develop in embryos of P. silus. Similarly, lower jaw cartilages ini- tially …

Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America's Energy Future, Tammy Horn

Tammy Horn

Book review of Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America's Energy Future

Sustainable Brackish Water Shrimp Farming – A Serious Thought In India., Ahmed Mustafa, Maryam Moshref, Susmita Patnaik

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

La Cueva De Los Pocitos (El Hierro): Descricpion Y Biocenosis, S. De La Cruz, Ana Reboleira, Eduardo Muñoz, Nieves Zurita, Pedro Oromí

Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira

The survey and a geomorphological description of Cueva de los Pocitos lava tube is presented. The results of measuring the environmental parameters are provided, as well as those of a faunistic study carried out in the spring and fall of 2000. A total of 552 of arthropods were collected, belonging to at least 30 different species, 8 of them being troglobites. A comparison with the faunistic richness of the other caves of El Hierro is also made.

C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1 Is Required For Toll-Like Receptor 1 Gene Expression In Macrophages, Juan Anguita, H. Izadi, A.T. Motameni, T.C. Bates, E.R. Olivera, V. Villar-Suarez, I. Joshi, R. Garg, B.A. Osborne, R.J. Davis, M. Rincon

Juan Anguita

No abstract provided.

A Brief History Of Oyster Aquaculture In Rhode Island, Michael A. Rice

Michael A Rice

No abstract provided.

Tackling Biocomplexity With Meta-Models For Species Risk Assessment, Philip J. Nyhus, Robert C. Lacy, Francis R. Westley, Philip S. Miller, Harrie Harrie Vredenburg, Paul C. Paquet, John Pollak

Philip J. Nyhus

We describe results of a multi-year effort to strengthen consideration of the human dimension into endangered species risk assessments and to strengthen research capacity to understand biodiversity risk assessment in the context of coupled human-natural systems. A core group of social and biological scientists have worked with a network of more than 50 individuals from four countries to develop a conceptual framework illustrating how human-mediated processes influence biological systems and to develop tools to gather, translate, and incorporate these data into existing simulation models. A central theme of our research focused on (1) the difficulties often encountered in identifying and …

In The Heat Of The Law, It's Not Just Steam: Geothermal Resources And The Impact On Thermophile Biodiversity, Donald J. Kochan, Tiffany Grant

Donald J. Kochan

Significant research has been conducted into the utilization of geothermal resources as a ‘green’ energy source. However, minimal research has been conducted into geothermal resource utilization and depletion impacts on thermophile biodiversity. Thermophiles are organisms which have adapted over millions of year to extreme temperature and chemical compositions and exist in hot springs and other geothermal resources. Their ability to withstand high temperatures makes them invaluable to scientific and medical research. Current federal and California case law classify geothermal resources as a mineral, not a water resource. Acquisition of rights to develop a geothermal resource owned or reserved by the …