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The Effects Of Biological And Health Characteristics Of Dogs On Intraindividual Variabilityof Blood Parameters, Sandra Nikolic, Branislava Belic, Marko Cincovic, Nikolina Novakov, Nada Plavsa, Sara Savic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Considering the great diversity among dogs and their different biological and health characteristics, as well as different treatment protocols, it has become important to assess the effects of these factors on intraindividual variability of blood parameters in dogs, which is the aim of this study. Blood samples were collected from one hundred client-owned dogs. The dogs were of different age, breed, sex, body condition, reproductive, and health status and were presented to the veterinary clinic for preventive or diagnostic procedures. The effect of age on intraindividual variation was significant for various blood parameters and it was essential to establish new …

Clinical And Hemostasis Predictors Of Mammary Gland Tumors In Bitches, Dmytro Bilyi, Mykhailo Rublenko, Liudmyla Kovalova, Dmytro Sliusarenko, Liudmyla Haluzina, Oleksandr Stotskyi, Sergey Maslikov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study presents the results of the study of clinical and hemostasis predictors of mammary gland tumors in bitches, which allow to determine the risk groups for this disease. The highest incidence rates were found in German and Eastern European Shepherds (22.1%), Dachshunds (12.8%) and Yorkshire terriers (9.5%) when kept in private households: 97.1%, 96.3% and 97.3%, respectively. Significantly increases the likelihood of mammary gland cancer in excess body weight - by 30%-100%, in the case of mixed feeding - up to 39.3%, the use of hormonal contraceptives - by 50%-60%. Adverse prognosis correlates with an increase in the size, …

Canine Hypoadrenocorticism: A Retrospective Study Of 32 Cases From 2011 To 2018., Cinthia Peres Camilo, Mauro Jose Lahm Cardoso, Paula Nassar De Marchi, Rafael Fagnani

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Primary hypoadrenocorticism is characterized by insufficient adrenocortical hormonal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, which causes unspecific signs and laboratory alterations such as hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, resulting in a low relation between these two electrolytes. The aim of this work was to carry out a retrospective study with data obtained from the medical records of 32 dogs with a proven diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism between the years 2011 and 2018. The parameters weight, sex, reproductive condition, breed, and age were analyzed, as well as the results of laboratory tests of dogs with confirmed hypoadrenocorticism. There was no breed or sex predisposition. There …

Application Of Encapsulated Lactic Acid To Control The Growth And Multiplication Of Salmonella Enterica In Raw Meat-Based Diets For Dogs, Samuel Kiprotich, Eric Altom, Robert Mason, Charles G. Aldrich

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Antimicrobial interventions currently being applied to control foodborne pathogens in raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for dogs are rare and costly, and yet their demand keeps rising. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of encapsulated lactic acid challenged againstSalmonella entericainoculated in model RMBD. Nutritionally complete model RMBDs were prepared with three levels of encapsulated lactic acid (1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0%) and formed into approximately 100 g patties. Each treatment was replicated twice, and dilutions were plated in duplicate during microbial analysis. The negative control (NC) and positive control (PC) did not contain any lactic …

Rewilding And Domestication: Clarifying Terminology, Catia Correia-Caeiro

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler (B&W) describe the state of Asian elephant conservation, raising unique issues, and proposing a direction based on rewilding. The long history and socio-biology of elephants and humans has some parallels with the domestication of dogs (and other species). However, markers of domestication seem absent from elephants. The proper use of terms such as “wild” and “domestic” is crucial in defining the best conservation strategies, and, more important, in attending to the welfare needs of individuals, which can differ between wild and domestic animals. B&W’s target article represents an important starting point for discussion around elephant conservation, but …

Risk And Protective Factors Associated With Gastrointestinal Parasites Of Dogs From An Urban Area Of Córdoba, Argentina, Carlos Eugenio Motta, Maria Romina Rivero, Carlos Daniel De Angelo, Ana María Sbaffo, Karina Ivana Tiranti

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and the effect of associated factors were evaluated in household dogs from an urban area of Córdoba, Argentina. A total of 493 fecal samples were collected during 2010 and 2013 and processed with Willis` salt, Sheathers sugar flotation, and formol-ether concentration techniques. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 45.23% (95% CI 40.83-49.62), and Ancylostoma caninum (30.83%) was the most frequent parasite, followed by Trichuris vulpis (9.94%), Cystoisospora spp. (7.71%), Toxocara canis (6.90%), and Giardia spp. (5.88%). Independent variables were presence of at least one parasite element, named "all parasites", and each GI parasite more frequently …

You Can Judge A Bearer By Its Bark: Dogs Use Sound To Size Up Conspecifics, Zachary Silver

CrissCross

A variety of mammalian species use vocalizations to perceive the size of conspecifics. This ability may be an evolutionary adaptation shared by many mammalian species allowing them to detect the presence of a threat when visual resources are scarce or unavailable. Specifically, some mammals demonstrate prolonged attention to manipulated calls that suggest a larger conspecific compared to those suggesting a smaller conspecific. In humans this behavioral effect depends on the observer’s size—perceptions of ‘big’ or ‘small’ may differ between individuals. We explored whether this generalizes to other species by manipulating formant dispersion of dogs’ own barks to create synthetic barks …

Status Of Jackals And Foxes (Family: Canidae) From Selected Hill Areas Of Pakistan, Andleeb Batool, Asif Gondal, Inayat Ullah Malik, Safdar Ali Shah

Journal of Bioresource Management

The family Canidae consists of coyotes, dogs, foxes, jackals, and wolves. The IUCN red list reports 38 species under this family. This study was conducted in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Conserved areas of Tolipir National Park, Banjosa Game Reserve, Pir Chanasi National Park, Pir Lasura National Park and Dhirkot Nature Reserve were studied from 2008 to 2010. Vulpes vulpes griffithi (Kashmir or hill fox) is a flexible hunter. It mainly feeds on hares, rodents, reptiles and occasionally small birds. In absence of vertebrate prey, they may subsist on insects and fruit. Canis aureus (Golden Jackal) is a very adaptable …

How Wolves Turned Into Dogs And How Dogs Are Valuable In Meeting Human Social Needs, Kurt Kotrschal

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

A wealth of recent behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic results allows us to draw a new, comprehensive picture of the human-wolf- dog relationship. Dogs originated from wolves 35,000 years ago, mainly via selection for tameness. Wolves were probably spiritual partners and hunting buddies of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers over wide areas of Eurasia. Coming together and staying together was probably facilitated by the close ecological and social match between wolves and humans. Both are cursorial hunters and scavengers living in cooperative but relatively closed family groups, which selected for very similar mentalities.

Parallel selection for tameness (i.e., being “nice”) in dogs and humans …

Finding The Green-Eyed Monster In The Brain Of A Dog, Peter Singer

Animal Sentience

That dogs show behavior suggestive of jealousy has long been known and has been demonstrated under controlled conditions. Cook et al. have now shown arousal in the amygdala when dogs see a caregiver feeding another dog. This finding has ethical significance in two respects. First, the consideration shown by the investigators for the welfare of their experimental subjects sets an example for other researchers using animals. Second, the greater understanding of the emotional lives of animals should lead to more concern for their needs.

What Is It Like To Be A Jealous Dog?, Emanuela Prato Previde, Paola Valsecchi

Animal Sentience

Jealousy is a good candidate for comparative studies due to its clear adaptive value in protecting social bonds and affective relationships. Dogs are suitable subjects for investigating the evolution of jealousy, thanks to their rather sophisticated socio-cognitive abilities — which in some cases parallel those reported for human infants — and thanks to their long-lasting relationship with humans. The work of Cook and colleagues (2018) addresses the issue of jealousy in dogs through the lens of neuroscience, examining the relationship between the amygdala and jealousy. Their experiment has a number of methodological flaws that prevent distinguishing jealousy from other internal …

Only The Human Brain Has The Cognitive Capacity For Jealousy, Donatella Marazziti

Animal Sentience

Jealousy is exclusively a human phenomenon because nonhuman animals lack the brain structures regulating the higher processes underlying jealousy.

Researchers, Not Dogs, Lack Control In An Experiment On Jealousy, Jennifer Vonk

Animal Sentience

Cook and colleagues (2018) have developed a clever method to measure fMRI in awake dogs in response to a number of interesting stimuli. As a result, they are able to determine neural correlates of observable behavior. They report that dogs may experience something akin to jealousy because they show greater amygdala activation in response to food being given to a fake dog versus food being placed in a bucket. However, several critical controls are missing which prevent the authors from being able to speak of jealousy.

Can A Dog Be Jealous?, Yaoguang Jiang, Annamarie W. Huttunen, Michael L. Platt

Animal Sentience

Whether humans alone experience complex emotions like jealousy or envy remains hotly debated, partly because of the difficulty of measuring them without a verbal report. Cook, Berns and colleagues use functional brain imaging to identify in dogs neural responses very similar to those evoked by jealousy in humans. When dogs see their caregiver reward a facsimile dog, their amygdala is activated and the strength of this response predicts aggressive behavior — just as jealousy leads to aggression in humans. The authors conclude that dogs feel something very similar to human jealousy. This novel and creative study tackles one of the …

What Would We Like To Know By Imaging The Brains Of Dogs?, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

Using fMRI to study emotions in animals is important, fascinating, and fraught with methodological and conceptual problems. Cook et al. are doing it, and there is no question that they and others will be doing it better and better as time goes on. Where will this lead us? What could fMRI in principle tell us about the minds of nonhuman animals?

Effect Of Epidural Dexmedetomidine With Or Without Local Anesthetics On Painscore And Serum Il-6 Levels In Dogs Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy, Mudasir Ahmad Shah, Prakash Kinjavdekar, Amarpal -, Deepti Sharma, Abhijit Motiram Pawde, Abu Rafee Malik, Abas Rashid Bhat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural dexmedetomidine with or without local anesthetics, prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trials were performed with 24 healthy client-owned mixed-breed adult dogs with an average weight of 18.1 ± 2.4 kg allotted equally (n = 6) to four groups: A, B, C, and D. All animals were premedicated intramuscularly with atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and after 5 min by intravenous midazolam (0.7 mg/kg). After 10 min of premedication, in group A dexmedetomidine (7 µg/kg) and in groups B, C, and D, in addition to dexmedetomidine (7 µg/kg), lidocaine (4.4 mg/kg), bupivacaine (2 mg/kg), and ropivacaine …

Survey Of Dirofilaria Immitis In Dogs From Sivas Province In Thecentral Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ahmet Duran Ataş, Kürşat Altay, Ahmet Ali̇m, Erkan Özkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research, we investigate the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods from the Central Anatolia Region (Sivas) of Turkey and reveal the associated risk factors. Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from 306 dogs older than 7 months. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the modified Knott's method (Knott) were used for detecting the microfilaria and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the presence of D. immitis antigens. The prevalence of D. immitis in dogs was detected as 2.9% (9/306) by PCR and ELISA and as 1.3% (4/306) by Knott. All …

Fake Or Not: Two Prerequisites For Jealousy, Juliane Bräuer, Federica Amici

Animal Sentience

Cook and colleagues (2018) use a novel approach to test jealousy in dogs. Although such a non-invasive approach is more than welcome in comparative research, several methodological shortcomings limit the impact of this study. We briefly outline two main problems. (1) There is no evidence that the fake dogs in the study were perceived as real, and thus as social rivals, which would be a prerequisite for jealousy. (2) It is questionable whether dogs generally show the cognitive prerequisites for jealousy, such as attentiveness toward a social rival, the ability to understand intentions, and a sense of fairness. We suggest …

Clinical Evaluation Of Topical Tacrolimus Ointment Usagein Different Stages Of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca In Dogs, Christina John, Aswathy Gopinathan, Kiranjeet Singh, Pallvi Sharma, Chelladurai Sowbharenya, Sherin B. Sarangom

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of topical tacrolimus (0.1%) ointment in stimulating tear production in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Thirty-six dogs (58 eyes) diagnosed with KCS were included in this study. KCS was grouped as early (E, n = 21 eyes), late (L, n = 21 eyes), and reflex tear due to corneal ulceration (R, n = 16 eyes) based on Schirmer tear test (STT) readings. The dogs in each group were randomly allotted treatment with either tacrolimus 0.1% ointment applied once daily (ET, n = 11 eyes; LT, n = 10 eyes; RT, n = …

Positive Emotions And Quality Of Life In Dogs, Patrizia Piotti

Animal Sentience

Positive affect is fundamental to ensuring good animal welfare. Discrete and dimensional theories of emotion have recently been used to explore the relation between cognition and affect and to develop cognitive measures of positive affect. Human quality-of-life assessment focuses on positive affect, which is difficult to measure objectively in dogs. Expanding on Kujala’s (2017) discussion of positive emotions and cognitive measures of affect, I suggest how these are relevant to assessing canine quality of life.

Dogs Consciously Experience Emotions: The Question Is, Which?, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

I discuss three themes related to Kujala’s target article. First, the wealth of emerging data on cognitive studies in dogs will surely show that dogs have a very rich repertoire of cognitive processes, for most of which we find homologues in humans. Second, understanding the internal states that mediate social behaviors, such as emotions, requires us to consider both a dog’s behaviors with other dogs, and the emergence of new behavioral patterns in interaction with humans. Third, all of this will certainly narrow the range of justifications for denying that dogs have subjective experiences of emotions.

Animal And Human Emotion: Concepts And Methodologies, Cátia Correia Caeiro

Animal Sentience

The human-dog relationship is particularly interesting for the study of emotions. The underlying concepts need to be made explicit and methods need to be adapted to the characteristics of the species studied as well as the shortcomings of the human experimenter’s perception.

Extraskeletal Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Of The Subcutaneous Tissue In A Maltese Dog, Byungjoon Seung, Junghyung Ju, Seunghee Cho, Soohyeon Kim, Hwan Choi, Junghyang Sur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese dog presented to a local animal hospital with a subcutaneous mass (4 x 3 x 3 cm) in the right shoulder region. The mass was well circumscribed, with soft tissue opacity and variable levels of mineralization, but with no bony involvement in radiography. The mass was surgically removed. Upon histological examination, the mass consisted of malignant mesenchymal cells that had produced a chondroid matrix and osteoid. Round to polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei showed moderate anisokaryosis and variable numbers of mitotic figures. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and osteocalcin and negative for …

Occurrence Of Arcobacter In Dogs And Cats In Selangor,Malaysia, And Associated Risk Factors, Dauda Mohammed Goni, Saleha Abdulaziz, Gurmeet Kaur Dhaliwa, Zunita Zakaria, Ibrahim Jalo Muhammad, Mohamed Abdelrahman Mohamed, Abdulrasheed Aliyu Bello, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Arcobacter is widely regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen because of its increasing occurrence in food production causing gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, it is also reported as a potential zoonosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of Arcobacter in dogs and cats and the associated risk factors. Rectal and buccal cavity swab samples were taken from dogs (n = 40) and cats (n = 40) owned by individuals who brought the animals to a university teaching hospital and stray dogs (n = 61) and cats (n = 46). Suspected colonies of Arcobacter were subjected to …

Protective Effects Of S-Adenosylmethionine (Same) And Silybin On Hepatorenal And Hemostatic Functions In Dogs With Endotoxemia, Meri̇ç Kocatürk, Oya Eralp İnan, Pinar Levent, Zeki̇ Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

We aimed to investigate the protective effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and silybin treatment on hepatorenal and hemostatic functions in dogs with endotoxemia. Healthy dogs (n = 20) were divided equally into 4 groups as control, SAMe + silybin (SS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + SS. Controls received 0.9% NaCl intravenously. Animals were treated daily with 20 mg of SAMe and 1 mg of silybin per kilogram of body weight in SS and LPS + SS. LPS was injected (2 μg/kg, once intravenously) to dogs in LPS and LPS + SS. Hemostatic functions were assessed by thromboelastography (TEG). LPS-induced clinical and …

Ultrasonographic Features Of Medial Iliac And Jejunal Lymph Nodesin Apparently Healthy Dogs, Shriram Ganesan, Jitender Mohindroo, Pallavi Verma, Narinder Singh Saini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ultrasonographic examination of medial iliac and jejunal lymph nodes were performed in 36 dogs presented to the Department of Surgery and Radiology for spaying and castration. Ultrasonographic features such as length, height in longitudinal plane, shape, ease of scanning, echotexture, and echogenicity were recorded. The medial iliac and jejunal lymph nodes were scanned consistently in all 36 dogs. However, the presence of gas in the intestines affected the ease of scanning of the lymph nodes. The majority of these lymph nodes were easy to scan, and had homogeneous and hypoechoic echogenicity. The dogs were grouped based on body weight and …

The Accuracy Of The Patellar Reflex For Localization Of The Site Of A Single Level Thoracolumbar Disc Herniation In Dogs, Mohammed Abdelhakiem, Yuuhi Asai, Hiroaki Kamishina, Masaaki Katayama, Yuji Uzuka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The patellar reflex was used in this study to determine the site of thoracolumbar spinal cord dysfunction (T3-L3 or L4-L6) as a result of disc herniation. The results of neurological examinations were compared with the findings of CT myelography. This study was conducted on 21 dogs, selected from a total of 26 dogs confirmed to have a single thoracolumbar lesion. Results revealed that the accuracy of the patellar reflex for lesion localization was 71.4%. The accuracy of the patellar reflex (normal or hyperreflexic) for lesion localization in the T3-L3 segment in 15 dogs was 100%, while the accuracy of the …

Evaluation Of Signalment, Clinical, And Laboratory Variables As Prognostic Indicators In Dogs With Acute Abdominal Syndrome, Galina Simeonova, Dinko Dinev, Tzvetan Chaprazov, Rumen Roydev

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to identify predictors of mortality and to propose a new severity scoring system in dogs with acute abdominal syndrome. A retrospective study was carried out on 58 dogs presented with acute abdominal syndrome with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades III-IV and treated surgically by exploratory laparotomy. Medical records were reviewed and information regarding dog signalment, history, clinical, and laboratory data; surgical findings; and outcome was collected. Multiple easily measurable variables were found to be mortality predictors in dogs with acute abdominal syndrome, but the most relevant were the presence of neoplastic process, organ rupture, …

A Retrospective Study Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Antibodies In Dogs In Minnesota, Aneela Durrani, Sagar Goyal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to determine the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in suspected dogs in Minnesota, the present study examines the database of the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Minnesota over a 10 year period (2001-June 2010). A total of 1081 serum samples from dogs suspected of having borreliosis were submitted by 112 private veterinary clinics. The samples were tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Samples with titers of =>1:320 were considered positive. The rate of seroprevalence of antibodies was 88%. The increase in the rate of yearly seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs was …

A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay For Rapid Detection Of Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infection In Dogs, Chungchen Lee, Yungchang Lin, Chauloong Tsang, Yangtsung Chung

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A simple and rapid diagnostic method of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection was established, employing the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction. With 1 set of 4 specific primers targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) gene of A. phagocytophilum, the LAMP assay rapidly amplified the target DNA sequence in a single tube in 1 h, requiring only a water bath for reaction. When visualized by gel electrophoresis, the LAMP products appeared as a ladder-like pattern, with many bands of different sizes from 180 base pairs up to the loading well. The results obtained from testing 32 clinical blood samples of dogs demonstrated that the …