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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nomenclatural Changes For Some Grasses In California. Ii., James P. Smith Jr., J. Travis Columbus
Nomenclatural Changes For Some Grasses In California. Ii., James P. Smith Jr., J. Travis Columbus
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Two additional nomenclatural changes are required for Poaceae treatments that will appear in the second edition of The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. They are Elymus x gouldii and Festuca temulenta. The former corrects a violation of the rule in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature involving the naming of hybrids, and the latter involves a widely occurring non-native grass in California traditionally assigned to Lolium.
The Challenge Of A Siberian Bluegrass (Poa) Phylogeny, Marina V. Olonova
The Challenge Of A Siberian Bluegrass (Poa) Phylogeny, Marina V. Olonova
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
In Siberia, the bluegrass genus (Poa) comprises 43 species and 61 subspecies in 12 sections. Diverse modes of speciation, including polyploidy and hybridization, have led to reticulate evolution and adaptive radiation. Cladistic methods that ignore hybridization and reticulate evolution may not be appropriate for morphological data. The number of morphological characters suitable for bluegrass analysis is limited, a majority does not have clear adaptive significance, and the character states cannot be readily polarized, rendering phylogenetic reconstruction very difficult in this group. Other methods of estimating phylogenetic relationships should be used to test hypotheses about relationships and hybridization. Biochemical …
Nomenclatural Changes For Some Grasses In California And The Muhlenbergia Clade (Poaceae), J. Travis Columbus, James P. Smith Jr.
Nomenclatural Changes For Some Grasses In California And The Muhlenbergia Clade (Poaceae), J. Travis Columbus, James P. Smith Jr.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
New combinations and names are here validated for ten grass (Poaceae) taxa in California for the forthcoming revision of The Jepson Manual. In addition, guided by recent molecular phylogenetic studies, ten non-California grass species are here transferred to Muhlenbergia (Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) to achieve monophyly of the genus. Lolium, long known to be phylogenetically nested within Festuca, is here subsumed into Festuca, and the circumscription of Stipa is expanded to include all Stipeae (native and non-native) in California. In Stipeae, most currently recognized genera are not monophyletic. Attaining monophyly while bearing in mind identification for persons not expert …
Phylogeny Of The Grasses (Poaceae) Revisited, Melvin R. Duvall, Jerrold I Davis, Lynn G. Clark, Jeffrey D. Noll, Douglas H. Goldman, J. Gabriel Sánchez-Ken
Phylogeny Of The Grasses (Poaceae) Revisited, Melvin R. Duvall, Jerrold I Davis, Lynn G. Clark, Jeffrey D. Noll, Douglas H. Goldman, J. Gabriel Sánchez-Ken
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The most robust previously published phylogeny for the overall structure of the grass family (Poaceae) shows three early diverging lineages and two major derived clades, the BEP clade and the PACCAD clade (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). A few key taxa were incompletely sampled, however, and support for the BEP clade was moderate at best and relationships among the major lineages within the PACCAD clade remained unresolved. In addition, recent studies indicated that the sister group to Poaceae may be Joinvilleaceae and/or Ecdeiocoleaceae, the latter of which were not previously sampled. In this study, missing structural data were determined and …
Large Trees, Supertrees, And Diversification Of The Grass Family, Trevor R. Hodkinson, Nicolas Salamin, Mark W. Chase, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Stephen A. Renvoize, Vincent Savolainen
Large Trees, Supertrees, And Diversification Of The Grass Family, Trevor R. Hodkinson, Nicolas Salamin, Mark W. Chase, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Stephen A. Renvoize, Vincent Savolainen
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Phylogenetic studies of grasses (Poaceae) are advanced in comparison with most other angiosperm families. However, few studies have attempted to build large phylogenetic trees of the family and use these for evaluating patterns of diversification or other macroevolutionary hypotheses. Two contrasting approaches can be used to generate large trees: supermatrix analyses and supertrees. In this paper, we evaluated the suitability of each of these methods for the study of patterns and processes of evolution in the grasses. We collected data from DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank to determine sequence availability and asked how far we are from a complete generic-level phylogenetic tree of the …
An Electronic World Grass Flora, Steve Renvoize, Derek Clayton, Tom Cope, Helen Williamson
An Electronic World Grass Flora, Steve Renvoize, Derek Clayton, Tom Cope, Helen Williamson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The development of an electronic world grass flora database is described in which data for 1090 morphological characters gathered for 11,000 species in 700 genera organized according to accepted names. This descriptive information is linked to a synonym database of 60,000 names. Authors, literature references, and the status of each name are also recorded in the database along with geographical distribution and type information. The list of accepted species is linked to a global herbarium of 350,000 specimens at Kew arranged in a phylogenetic sequence at the generic and species levels and according to broad phytogeographic divisions. From the database, …
Grass Phylogeny And Classification: Conflict Of Morphology And Molecules, Bryan K. Simon
Grass Phylogeny And Classification: Conflict Of Morphology And Molecules, Bryan K. Simon
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The grass family (Poaceae) has been recognized as a unique lineage for more than 200 years, based initially on characters of inflorescence and spikelet morphology and corroborated by anatomical and other features in the latter half of the twentieth century. There have been a number of attempts to derive a phylogeny of sections of the family from structural (morphological and anatomical) characters. However, more recently the Grass Phylogeny Working Group (2001) applied cladistic principles to the whole family using molecular and structural characters. This study produced a single most-parsimonious tree from six molecular sequence data sets, chloroplast restriction site data, …
Plasticity Of Chasmogamous And Cleistogamous Reproductive Allocation In Grasses, Gregory P. Cheplick
Plasticity Of Chasmogamous And Cleistogamous Reproductive Allocation In Grasses, Gregory P. Cheplick
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Cleistogamy is more common in grasses than in any other angiosperm family. Both self-fertilized cleistogamous (CL) spikelets and open-pollinated chasmogamous (CH) spikelets are typically produced. Relative allocation to CL and CH varies among species and populations, and is influenced by ontogeny and environment. The balance between reproductive modes can be expressed as a CH/CL ratio. This ratio is very plastic, and stressful conditions can result in values Amphicarpum purshii, an annual with subterranean CL spikelets, CH/CL declined as density increased because CH decreased more than CL as size was reduced by intraspecific competition. In the shade-tolerant annual Microstegium vimineum, …
Phylogeny Of Triticeae (Poaceae) Based On Three Organelle Genes, Two Single-Copy Nuclear Genes, And Morphology, Ole Seberg, Gitte Petersen
Phylogeny Of Triticeae (Poaceae) Based On Three Organelle Genes, Two Single-Copy Nuclear Genes, And Morphology, Ole Seberg, Gitte Petersen
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Triticeae are renowned for their complicated taxonomy, but their phylogeny is equally intricate and perplexing, and remains largely unresolved. Based on morphology and nucleotide sequences from two plastid genes (rbcL, rpoA), one mitochondrial gene (coxII), and two single-copy nuclear genes (DMC1, EF-G), the most comprehensive hypothesis (both with respect to taxa and data points) of the phylogeny of diploid Triticeae to date is presented. The incongruence length difference tests clearly indicate that the four logical data partitions (morphology and the three genome compartments) are mutually incongruent, except the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. …
Allopolyploids Of The Genus Elymus (Triticeae, Poaceae): A Phylogenetic Perspective, Roberta J. Mason-Gamer
Allopolyploids Of The Genus Elymus (Triticeae, Poaceae): A Phylogenetic Perspective, Roberta J. Mason-Gamer
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The wheat tribe, Triticeae, includes many genomically distinct polyploid taxa. Elymus is an entirely allopolyploid genus, with all species containing the St genome of Pseudoroegneria. The St genome may be combined with one or more distinct genomes representing multiple, diverse diploid donors from throughout the tribe. This study includes a simultaneous phylogenetic analysis of new and previously published data from several distinct Elymus groups, including North American and Eurasian StStHH tetraploids, in which the H genome is derived from Hordeum, Eurasian StStYY tetraploids, in which the Y genome is derived from an unknown donor, and a putative StStStStHH …
A Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Grass Subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae), With Attention To Structural Features Of The Plastid And Nuclear Genomes, Including An Intron Loss In Gbssi, Jerrold I Davis, Robert J. Soreng
A Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Grass Subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae), With Attention To Structural Features Of The Plastid And Nuclear Genomes, Including An Intron Loss In Gbssi, Jerrold I Davis, Robert J. Soreng
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Phylogenetic relationships in the grass family (Poaceae), with specific attention to the internal structure of subfamily Pooideae, are analyzed on the basis of nucleotide sequence variation in plastid-encoded genes (matK, ndhF, ndhH, and rbcL). The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis was examined with attention to the taxonomic distributions of two inversions and an insertion/deletion within ndhF, the absence of intron 10 of the nuclear gene GBSSI (waxy), and positions of the boundaries between the Short Single Copy (SSC) region and the neighboring Inverted Repeat (IR) regions of the plastid genome, relative to the endpoints of ndh …
Classification And Biogeography Of Panicoideae (Poaceae) In The New World, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Osvaldo Morrone, Gerrit Davidse, Susan J. Pennington
Classification And Biogeography Of Panicoideae (Poaceae) In The New World, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Osvaldo Morrone, Gerrit Davidse, Susan J. Pennington
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Panicoideae (Poaceae) in the New World comprise 107 genera (86 native) and 1357 species (1248 native). As circumscribed herein, Panicoideae include eight tribes: Andropogoneae, Arundinelleae, Centotheceae, Gynerieae, Isachneae, Paniceae, Steyermarkochloeae, and Thysanolaeneae. The two major tribes are Andropogoneae with 230 species (16.95% of all New World panicoids), and Paniceae with 1082 species (79.73%). Andropogoneae are divided into nine subtribes (Andropogoninae, Anthistiriinae, Coicinae, Germainiinae, Ischaeminae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Sorghinae, and Tripsacinae), while Paniceae are divided into seven subtribes (Arthropogoninae, Cenchrinae, Digitariinae, Melinidinae, Panicinae, Paspalinae, and Setariinae). Brazil is the center of diversity of New World panicoids with 741 species (54.6% of all …
Phylogenetics Of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer And Chloroplast Trnl–F Sequences, Elizabeth M. Skendzic, J. Travis Columbus, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa
Phylogenetics Of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer And Chloroplast Trnl–F Sequences, Elizabeth M. Skendzic, J. Travis Columbus, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Phylogenetic relationships among 85 species representing 35 genera in the grass tribe Andropogoneae were estimated from maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL–F DNA sequences. Ten of the 11 subtribes recognized by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) were sampled. Independent analyses of ITS and trnL–F yielded mostly congruent, though not well resolved, topologies. Arundinella is sister to Andropogoneae in the trnL–F phylogeny and is nested within the tribe in the ITS and combined data trees. Tristachya is sister to Andropogoneae + Arundinella in the ITS phylogeny. Four clades are common to the ITS and …
Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Decumbentes Group Of Paspalum, Thrasya, And Thrasyopsis (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae), Silvia S. Denham, Fernando O. Zuloaga
Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Decumbentes Group Of Paspalum, Thrasya, And Thrasyopsis (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae), Silvia S. Denham, Fernando O. Zuloaga
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Paspalum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) includes 330 species distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of America. Due to the large number of species and convergence in many characters, an adequate infrageneric classification is still needed. Studies on Paniceae based on molecular and morphological data have suggested that Paspalum is paraphyletic, including the genus Thrasya, but none of these analyses have included a representative sample of these two genera. In this study, phylogenetic relationships among the informal group Decumbentes of Paspalum, plus subgenera and other informal groups, and the genera Thrasya and Thrasyopsis were estimated. A cladistic analysis under …
Phylogenetics Of Chloridoideae (Gramineae): A Preliminary Study Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer And Chloroplast Trnl–F Sequences, J. Travis Columbus, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, Michael S. Kinney, Maria Elena Siqueiros-Delgado, Hester L. Bell, M. Patrick Griffith, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez
Phylogenetics Of Chloridoideae (Gramineae): A Preliminary Study Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer And Chloroplast Trnl–F Sequences, J. Travis Columbus, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, Michael S. Kinney, Maria Elena Siqueiros-Delgado, Hester L. Bell, M. Patrick Griffith, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The phylogeny of Chloridoideae (Gramineae) was inferred from parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from two genomes—the chloroplast trnL intron, trnL 3' exon, and trnL–F intergenic spacer, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2). Eighty species representing 66 chloridoid genera were sampled, including all but four of the native New World genera. Analyses of the individual and combined data sets were performed. The phylogenies were found to be highly congruent. Of the four tribes and seven subtribes of Chloridoideae sensu Clayton and Renvoize (1986) whose phylogenetic status could be tested with our …
Classification And Biogeography Of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae, Paul M. Peterson, J. Travis Columbus, Susan J. Pennington
Classification And Biogeography Of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae, Paul M. Peterson, J. Travis Columbus, Susan J. Pennington
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Subfamily Chloridoideae (Poaceae) in the New World includes 72 genera (61 native, 11 introduced), 678 species (607 native), and, including intraspecific taxa, 817 total taxa. The five largest genera are Muhlenbergia (147 species), Eragrostis (111), Sporobolus (76), Bouteloua (57), and Chloris (35). Three tribes are recognized in this study: Cynodonteae, Eragrostideae, and Zoysieae, with ten, three, and two subtribes, respectively. Cynodonteae, the largest tribe, comprise 58 genera and 451 species (67% of all New World chloridoids), including 25 genera (98 species, 22% of all New World Cynodonteae) with unknown affinities (incertae sedis). In Mexico, the USA, and Canada there are …
Dicliny In Bouteloua (Poaceae: Chloridoideae): Implications For The Evolution Of Dioecy, Michael S. Kinney, J. Travis Columbus, Elizabeth A. Friar
Dicliny In Bouteloua (Poaceae: Chloridoideae): Implications For The Evolution Of Dioecy, Michael S. Kinney, J. Travis Columbus, Elizabeth A. Friar
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The New World grass genus Bouteloua (Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) comprises 57 species, 13 of which produce unisexual spikelets and hence are diclinous. Andromonoecy, gynodioecy, monoecy, trimonoecy, and dioecy all occur in the genus, and ten species are known to express more than one of these breeding systems. Employing a phylogenetic estimate based on parsimony analysis of DNA sequences from the ITS (nrDNA) and trnL–F (cpDNA) regions representing 35 species of Bouteloua, including ten of 13 diclinous species, we used parsimony character state reconstructions to investigate the evolution of unisexual spikelets and breeding systems. Our specific goals were to estimate …
Classification And Biogeography Of New World Grasses: Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Ehrhartoideae, And Bambusoideae, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Lynn G. Clark
Classification And Biogeography Of New World Grasses: Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Ehrhartoideae, And Bambusoideae, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Lynn G. Clark
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Molecular data support Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae as the two most basal extant clades within Poaceae. Anomochlooideae are endemic to the New World and have two tribes and two genera including the widespread Streptochaeteae (3–4 spp.) and the critically endangered Anomochloeae (1 sp.) of coastal Bahia, Brazil. Pharoideae are pantropical with one tribe, three genera, and 14 species; all eight species of Pharus occur only in the New World. Bambusoideae and Ehrhartoideae are sister groups and together form a clade sister to Pooideae, although support for this set of relationships is low. Ehrhartoideae are a worldwide subfamily represented in the New …
Molecular Phylogenetics Of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based On Chloroplast And Nuclear Dna Sequence Data, Jeffery M. Saarela, Paul M. Peterson, Ryan M. Keane, Jacques Cayouette, Sean W. Graham
Molecular Phylogenetics Of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based On Chloroplast And Nuclear Dna Sequence Data, Jeffery M. Saarela, Paul M. Peterson, Ryan M. Keane, Jacques Cayouette, Sean W. Graham
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
We conducted a phylogenetic analysis to characterize relationships among Bromus and test the monophyly of five of the seven morphologically distinct groups within Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae) that have been treated as sections, subgenera, or genera. We sequenced the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron, the 3'-end of the chloroplast ndhF gene, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA region for 46 species that represent a large proportion of the morphological and geographical diversity in the genus. Independent analyses of plastid and nuclear ribosomal data identified several lineages in Bromus, but there is some evidence of …
Relationships Among Some Populations Of Anthoxanthum Alpinum And A. Odoratum (Poaceae, Pooideae): A Morphological/Anatomical Approach, Manuel Pimentel, Elvira Sahuquillo
Relationships Among Some Populations Of Anthoxanthum Alpinum And A. Odoratum (Poaceae, Pooideae): A Morphological/Anatomical Approach, Manuel Pimentel, Elvira Sahuquillo
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The genus Anthoxanthum s.l. (including Hierochloë) (Poaceae, Pooideae, Aveneae) comprises 35–50 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Anthoxanthum alpinum was described as a diploid perennial that is distributed in northern Eurasia and in the high mountains of central and eastern Europe. Difficulties in finding reliable morphological differences between this taxon and the widespread tetraploid A. odoratum have resulted in taxonomists treating them as conspecific, despite the cytological differentiation. The purpose of this study was to provide information that may help clarify the relationships between these taxa. Macromorphologial, micromorphological, and anatomical data were gathered and analyzed for 14 populations representing …