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Articles 1 - 30 of 80
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Redwood Bark And Leaf Leachate On Different Lichen Populations Found Within The Redwood Forest Of Arcata, Ca, Courtney Michelle Harris, Phoebe Hughes
Effects Of Redwood Bark And Leaf Leachate On Different Lichen Populations Found Within The Redwood Forest Of Arcata, Ca, Courtney Michelle Harris, Phoebe Hughes
IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt
No abstract provided.
Wildflower Pollen Quality In Roadside Habitats, With Particular Emphasis On Hedera Helix, Aoife Mcmullin, Paul Hamilton
Wildflower Pollen Quality In Roadside Habitats, With Particular Emphasis On Hedera Helix, Aoife Mcmullin, Paul Hamilton
SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal
The quality of air is of more significance today than ever before. Human population growth and pollutants emitted through fossil fuel consumption put pressures on air quality. It is widely acknowledged that atmospheric pollutants negatively impact human health; the same is also true for the health of wildlife and plants exposed to these pollutants (Brunekreef & Holgate, 2002; EEA, 2019; Schiavoni, et al., 2017). Pollen and seed formation of flowering plants have been affected when grown in areas of poor air quality (Azzazy, 2016; Sénéchal, et al., 2015). The purpose of this research was to assess pollen of …
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation Optimizations For Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Cultivar Spf-234 With Direct Organogenesis, Muhammad Nawaz, Naeem Iqbal, Rabia Hameed, Mehwish Mehwish, Shakra Jamil
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation Optimizations For Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Cultivar Spf-234 With Direct Organogenesis, Muhammad Nawaz, Naeem Iqbal, Rabia Hameed, Mehwish Mehwish, Shakra Jamil
Journal of Bioresource Management
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the most important food and energy crop worldwide. In the present study, an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation and regeneration system for sugarcane cultivar SPF-234 was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA101and LBA4404 using vector pIG121 Hm, having GUS, HPTII and NPTII genes were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histochemical assays confirmed the GUS gene expression. A 620 bp fragment from GUS positive plants was amplified. The GUS expressing putative transformants were 35% of the total plants formed under 30 minute immersion time and 72 hr of incubation period. The co-cultivation media having 60 …
The Phytotherapeutic Arsenal In The Guerbes-Sanhadja Wetlands Complex (North East Of Algeria), Belaidi Abdelouahab, Beghami Yassine, Francisco Maria Vázquez, Souilah Nabila, Bendif Hamdi
The Phytotherapeutic Arsenal In The Guerbes-Sanhadja Wetlands Complex (North East Of Algeria), Belaidi Abdelouahab, Beghami Yassine, Francisco Maria Vázquez, Souilah Nabila, Bendif Hamdi
Journal of Bioresource Management
This study documents indigenous medicinal flora - utilization, and was carried out in the Guerbes-Sanhadja wetland complex, between January 2018 and December 2020. The detailed information was gathered from users of medicinal plants mainly based on semi-structured interviews. A total of 102 plant species distributed in 48 families were found in practice by the natives for fulfilling their daily life requirements. The most frequently cited plants are: Myrtus communis L. (158 citations), Pistacia lentiscus L. (122) and Thymus vulgaris L. (97). Most of the medicinal species listed were herbs (68.93%). The phanerophytes (33.33%) and hemicriptophytes (27.45%) were the principal species …
The Role Of Α-Tocopherol In Mitigating The Effect Of Elevated Co2 Concentrations Emitted From The Al-Hunay Power Plant Main Station On Glycine Max L. Plants, Mohammed Abdulrahman Almuwayhi
The Role Of Α-Tocopherol In Mitigating The Effect Of Elevated Co2 Concentrations Emitted From The Al-Hunay Power Plant Main Station On Glycine Max L. Plants, Mohammed Abdulrahman Almuwayhi
The Philippine Agricultural Scientist
Soybean (Glycine max L.), belonging to Leguminosae, is an essential food in Asian countries. It has become a necessity to study the long-term effects of elevated concentrations of CO2 on plant growth and development. Climate change may be affected by the increment of CO2 and higher temperatures on crops. Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can negatively affect the yield as well as the quality of the field crops. Alpha-tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound found in leaf chloroplasts. This antioxidant deactivates photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species and prevents the propagation of lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid …
Project Home Hydroponic Operations For Mars Exploration, Deanna Demattio, Nick Mcguire, Ruben A. Rosa Polonia, Benjamin T. Hufendick
Project Home Hydroponic Operations For Mars Exploration, Deanna Demattio, Nick Mcguire, Ruben A. Rosa Polonia, Benjamin T. Hufendick
Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal
This report considers the challenges NASA, SpaceX, and other private companies will face in the approaching two decades when sending astronauts on missions to Mars. The longest exploration is planned to take place in the 2030's, sending a crew of, at minimum, four astronauts to Mars for a year of research. The research conducted is assisting space exploration companies’ with ways to grow a complete diet on a planet that does not receive enough sunlight. Agriculture in enclosed and buried structures on Mars will enable astronauts to conduct extended surface exploration missions. We evaluated a deep-water culture indoor hydroponics system …
Diversity, Ecology And Therapeutic Properties Of The Medicinal Plants In Ziban Region (Algeria), Nouidjem Yassine, Hadjab Ramzi, Khammar Hichem, Merouani Sakina, Bensaci Etayeb
Diversity, Ecology And Therapeutic Properties Of The Medicinal Plants In Ziban Region (Algeria), Nouidjem Yassine, Hadjab Ramzi, Khammar Hichem, Merouani Sakina, Bensaci Etayeb
Journal of Bioresource Management
With the aim to assess the floristic population diversity, distribution and therapeutic properties in the Ziban region (Algeria), a survey was conducted along two successive study years in the main area. The objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge and description of this plant groups with exhaustive inventory spontaneous vegetation. In order to study the dynamics of medicinal plants, we used a quantitative method based essentially on the classic technique of linear surveys and floristic inventory using the minimum area method. The results showed that the floristic procession of medicinal plants is represented by 21 species belonging …
Ascorbic Acid (Asa) Improves Salinity Tolerance In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) By Modulating Growth And Physiological Attributes, Hasnain Ishaq, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Azeem, Mehwish Mehwish, Muhammad Bedar Bekhat Naseem
Ascorbic Acid (Asa) Improves Salinity Tolerance In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) By Modulating Growth And Physiological Attributes, Hasnain Ishaq, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Azeem, Mehwish Mehwish, Muhammad Bedar Bekhat Naseem
Journal of Bioresource Management
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods. High concentration of sodium chloride severely affects plants in general and wheat in specific. In this study the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) against sodium chloride stress were investigated in two commercial wheat cultivars (Galaxy 2013 and Akbar 2019). Experiments were conducted in three replicates. Two levels of salt (0, 150 mM) along with exogenous application of ascorbic acid (0, 30 mM, 60 mM) were applied at three leaves seedling stage. At the establishment of treatments, data regarding physiological, biochemical and yield attributes were …
Vascular Plants Of Northern Death Valley National Park (Death Valley, Last Chance Range, And Eureka Valley), Inyo County, California, Hester L. Bell, Sarah J. De Groot, Steve E. Schoenig
Vascular Plants Of Northern Death Valley National Park (Death Valley, Last Chance Range, And Eureka Valley), Inyo County, California, Hester L. Bell, Sarah J. De Groot, Steve E. Schoenig
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The northern portion of Death Valley National Park closely (but not entirely) corresponds to the northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert in California. From 2014 through 2019 we surveyed the vascular plants in the Eureka Valley, northern Last Chance Range, and northern Death Valley. This study area covers 1735 sq km and ranges in elevation from 810 to 2577 m; it contains the tallest sand dunes in California, a calcium-rich mountain range, and alkaline seeps. These features provide specialized habitats for narrowly and regionally endemic plants. Fossil data from packrat middens suggest that the local climate has become warmer and …
List Of Bryophytes Collected In The Northern Last Chance Range And Eureka Valley, Death Valley National Park, Sarah J. De Groot
List Of Bryophytes Collected In The Northern Last Chance Range And Eureka Valley, Death Valley National Park, Sarah J. De Groot
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A list of bryophytes occurring naturally in northern Death Valley National Park is presented. So far, 41 taxa have been documented, representing seven families and 24 genera. One species, Jaffueliobryum wrightii, is considered rare by the California Native Plant Society.
Contents, Discovery Editors
Contents, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley
Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors
Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner
Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Baseline Sensitivity To Demethylation Inhibitors Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner, Alejandro Rojas
Baseline Sensitivity To Demethylation Inhibitors Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner, Alejandro Rojas
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Cercospora spp. and Corynespora spp. are two common foliar fungal pathogens in Arkansas and other soybean-producing areas. Two primary diseases caused by Cercospora spp. are Cercospora Leaf Blight (CLB, caused mainly by C. kikuchii) and Frogeye Leaf Spot (C. sojina). Over time, many fungicides used to combat these diseases have become ineffective as the pathogens have developed a resistance to them. The class of the fungicide in question is Triazoles [Demethylation Inhibitors (DMI)–FRAC 3]. Fifteen isolates consisting of Corynespora cassiicola, Cercospora sojina, and Cercospora flagellaris were tested to determine baseline sensitivities using serial dilutions (0, 0.01, 1, 10, 50 mg/L) …
A New Asperula L. (Rubiaceae) Species From Gypsum Steppes Of Çankırı Province In Turkey, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Mehmet Sağiroğlu, Bi̇rol Başer
A New Asperula L. (Rubiaceae) Species From Gypsum Steppes Of Çankırı Province In Turkey, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Mehmet Sağiroğlu, Bi̇rol Başer
Turkish Journal of Botany
Asperula cankiriense B.Şahin & Sağıroğlu, a new species discovered in the central Anatolian region of Turkey (Çankırı), is described herein. A. cankiriense is similar to Asperula bornmuelleri Velen. However, A. cankiriense differs mainly in its habitus, stem, leaves, and inflorescence features. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, conservation status, and taxonomic features of the new species are discussed. Additionally, pollen micromorphological characteristics of A. cankiriense and A. bornmuelleri are examined and compared using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The pollen grains are subprolate, aperture type 6?7 or rarely 8 zonocolpate …
Identification And Characterization Of The Pvul-Gasa Gene Family In Thephaseolus Vulgaris And Expression Patterns Under Salt Stress, İlker Büyük, Aybüke Okay, Marta Gorska, Emre İlhan, Emi̇ne Sümer Aras
Identification And Characterization Of The Pvul-Gasa Gene Family In Thephaseolus Vulgaris And Expression Patterns Under Salt Stress, İlker Büyük, Aybüke Okay, Marta Gorska, Emre İlhan, Emi̇ne Sümer Aras
Turkish Journal of Botany
GASA (Gibberellic acid stimulated in Arabidopsis) is an important gene family that has important roles in both the developmental and physiological processes. In this study, 23 GASA genes in common bean were identified and detailed bioinformatics analyzes were conducted at both gene and protein levels. Pvul-GASA proteins were categorized into three clusters, and a total of 13 duplication events (12 segmental and one tandem) were shown to play a role in the expansion of the GASA gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris L. The identified Pvul-GASAs have been shown to be linked to stress and hormone signaling pathways. In addition, some …
Screening Of Cytotoxicity And Dna Topoisomerase Iia Inhibitory Activity Of Turkish Onosma Species, Özge Güzel, Seda Duman, Si̇nem Yilmaz, Çi̇ğdem Karakoyun, Demet Kul, Ademi̇ Fahri̇ Pi̇rhan, Erdal Bedi̇r
Screening Of Cytotoxicity And Dna Topoisomerase Iia Inhibitory Activity Of Turkish Onosma Species, Özge Güzel, Seda Duman, Si̇nem Yilmaz, Çi̇ğdem Karakoyun, Demet Kul, Ademi̇ Fahri̇ Pi̇rhan, Erdal Bedi̇r
Turkish Journal of Botany
Onosma L., the largest genus of Boraginaceae, is represented by 105 species in Turkey with an endemism rate of 52%. Phytochemical studies indicate that Boraginaceae plants mainly comprise naphthoquinones with a wide range of biological activities including anticancer, antiinflammatory, wound healing, and antioxidant effects. However, few taxa of the genus Onosma have been investigated in detail for their bioactivities. Considering the high rate of endemism and an inadequate number of bioactivity screening studies in literature, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and topoisomerase inhibitory activities of some Onosma species growing in southwestern Turkey. Here, we describe a comprehensive cytotoxic …
Running Sigmas Analysis Of Sampled Molecular Paraphyly In Pottiaceae (Bryophyta), Richard Zander
Running Sigmas Analysis Of Sampled Molecular Paraphyly In Pottiaceae (Bryophyta), Richard Zander
Turkish Journal of Botany
A spreadsheet dealing with standard deviations allows statistical examination of continuous variables associated with paraphyly in systematics, with examples in the Pottiaceae (Bryophyta). Outlier values in taxonomic representation of distribution with the structure of (w-)x-y(-z) of continuous variables can be empirically supported. The use of the geometric mean and intuitional estimation is reexamined. Published reports of the distance between maximally distant exemplars of individual paraphyletic species in molecular cladograms in several studies were reevaluated as metadata. Levels of standard deviations were assigned with the Running Sigmas spreadsheet. A spike in width of exemplars of a paraphyletic species of a moss …
Nomenclatural And Taxonomic Notes On Some Stachys Taxa (Lamiaceae), Özal Güner, P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
Nomenclatural And Taxonomic Notes On Some Stachys Taxa (Lamiaceae), Özal Güner, P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
Turkish Journal of Botany
Stachys glechomifolia (Lamiaceae), previously included under S. mardinensis as a synonym, is resurrected in this work based on extensive field and herbarium studies. In addition to its distribution in Turkey, S. mardinensis has firstly been recorded from Iran. Furthermore, the lectotypes of S. fragillima, S. graveolens, and S. kurdica var. brevidens are designated in this study. An expanded description and distribution map of S. glechomifolia, and some taxonomic notes on S. graveolens, S. fragillima, S. mardinensis, and S. nephrophylla are also reported.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Different Responses To Drought Between The Cleome Spinosa (C3) And Cleome Gynandra (C4), Mustafa Yildiz, Fadi̇mana Kaya, Hakan Terzi̇
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Different Responses To Drought Between The Cleome Spinosa (C3) And Cleome Gynandra (C4), Mustafa Yildiz, Fadi̇mana Kaya, Hakan Terzi̇
Turkish Journal of Botany
The global emergence of low water availability causes extensive damage to crops in many regions. Although the responses of plants to drought stress have been extensively investigated, molecular studies on plants with different carboxylation pathways are limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify quantitative differences in proteins functioning in differential drought tolerance of C3 (Cleome spinosa) and C4 (C. gynandra) species. Proteomic analysis functionally characterized 33 differentially accumulated proteins in C. spinosa and 15 proteins in C. gynandra leaves. The identified proteins were involved in multiple aspects of leaf metabolism such as photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and stress defense. The …
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Nomenclatural Adjustments For Hybrids Of The Former Inula L. Within Pentanema Cass.(Asteraceae), Alexey P. Seregin
Nomenclatural Adjustments For Hybrids Of The Former Inula L. Within Pentanema Cass.(Asteraceae), Alexey P. Seregin
Turkish Journal of Botany
Drastic recircumscription of Pentanema (Asteraceae) has resulted in transfers of many species from Inula, whereas hybrids with binomials have not received new combinations yet. However, names for interspecific hybrids of Inula auct. are in active current use, and a dozen nothospecies are regularly mentioned in floras, checklists, and research papers. I have facilitated 12 new combinations for nothospecies in Pentanema: P. ×adriaticum (Borbás) Seregin (P. hirtum × P. spiraeifolium), P. ×haussmannii (Huter) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. hirtum), P. ×hispidum (Schur) Seregin (P. asperum × P. hirtum), P. ×hybridum (Baumg.) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. germanicum), P. ×litorale (Borbás) Seregin …
Genetic Structure, Differentiation, And Slight Evidence For No Selective Neutrality Of Some Ssr Markers In Populations Of Medicago Ciliaris (L.) Krock And Medicago Intertexta (L.)Mill Species, Fella Abdous, Fatima Zohra Fyad-Lameche
Genetic Structure, Differentiation, And Slight Evidence For No Selective Neutrality Of Some Ssr Markers In Populations Of Medicago Ciliaris (L.) Krock And Medicago Intertexta (L.)Mill Species, Fella Abdous, Fatima Zohra Fyad-Lameche
Turkish Journal of Botany
Medicago ciliaris (L.) Krock and Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill are most often found in saline regions and are considered as potential resources for genes related to salinity resistance. To explore the genetic diversity of these two species by mean of nrSSR (simplesequence repeats) markers, 11 accessions originated from different regions in north of Africa and Middle East were chosen. Ten among 14 markers turned out to be polymorphic and gave 72 alleles. Eight markers were very informative with PIC values > 0.5, and three of them were found to be nonneutral. Allelic richness was limited with an average number of alleles …
Effect Of Ash Carbon Nanofibers On Gaba Shunt Pathway In Germinating Seeds Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill., C.V. Rohaba.) Under Salt Stress, Nisreen Alquraan, Mohammed Al-Omari, Alaa Ayoub
Effect Of Ash Carbon Nanofibers On Gaba Shunt Pathway In Germinating Seeds Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill., C.V. Rohaba.) Under Salt Stress, Nisreen Alquraan, Mohammed Al-Omari, Alaa Ayoub
Turkish Journal of Botany
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of black ash carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway in germinating seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., c.v. Rohaba) under salt stress. Seed?s germination pattern, seed moisture content, GABA shunt metabolite levels (GABA, Glutamate and Alanine), total proteins and total carbohydrates, and the level of oxidative damage in response to sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments were determined. A significant increase of moisture content in CNFs treated seeds associated with significant increases in germination percentage was found. Data also showed a significant increase in GABA shunt metabolites in …
Applications Of Crispr/Cas9-Based Genome Editing In The Plant Biology, Yingzhuan Zheng, Qianqian Li, Mingwang Ye, Aie Cehn, Hongyang Wang
Applications Of Crispr/Cas9-Based Genome Editing In The Plant Biology, Yingzhuan Zheng, Qianqian Li, Mingwang Ye, Aie Cehn, Hongyang Wang
Turkish Journal of Botany
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea that can specifically silence or degrade a foreign single or double strand nucleic acid to protect it from infection. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly been evolved into a genome editing technology, in which the Cas9 endonuclease can be targeted to specific DNA sequences by guide RNAs (gRNAs) that are easily programmable. Due to simplicity, specificity and high efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 is gradually replacing other gene editing technologies and has been implemented in basic and applied plant sciences to boost yield, …
Integrating Indicators Of Natural Regeneration, Enrichment Planting, Above-Ground Carbonstock, Micro-Climate And Soil To Asses Vegetation Succession In Postmining Reclamation Intropical Forest, Trimanto Trimanto, Lia Hapsari, Sugeng Budiharta
Integrating Indicators Of Natural Regeneration, Enrichment Planting, Above-Ground Carbonstock, Micro-Climate And Soil To Asses Vegetation Succession In Postmining Reclamation Intropical Forest, Trimanto Trimanto, Lia Hapsari, Sugeng Budiharta
Turkish Journal of Botany
Open-cast mining in tropical forests causes negative impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage. Postmining reclamation is therefore imposed to recover the vegetation despite the lack of understanding which indicators can be used to monitor the progress ofsuccession. This study proposes an integrated framework to assess the trajectory of vegetation succession in coal mining site in East Kalimantan, Borneo. We combine the indicators of floristic diversity of naturally growing terrestrial and epiphytic plants, survival and growth of enrichment planting of native plants, above-ground carbon stock of pioneer trees, and the measurements on micro-climate and soil conditions. We compare some indicators across …
Water Conservation Strategies Through Anatomical Traits In The Endangered Arid Zone Species Salvadora Oleoides Decne., Ummar Iqbal, Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad
Water Conservation Strategies Through Anatomical Traits In The Endangered Arid Zone Species Salvadora Oleoides Decne., Ummar Iqbal, Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad
Turkish Journal of Botany
Salvadora oleoides Decne. (Salvadoraceae) is a facultative and mesomorphic xerophyte, well adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Twelve populations were selected from different ecological regions of Punjab to investigate structural modifications that are essential for water conservation, by either improving water-storing capacity or preventing water loss from the plant body, hence, enabling this species to cope with environmental extremities. We observed significant plasticity in structural features, which ensures ecological success in a variety of environmental conditions. Huge variation was seen in various tissue systems, i.e., epidermis and epidermal appendages, collenchyma, size of internal oil glands, storage parenchyma, shape, size and …
Synergism And Antagonism In Plant Acclimation To Abiotic Stress Combinations, Karl-Josef Dietz
Synergism And Antagonism In Plant Acclimation To Abiotic Stress Combinations, Karl-Josef Dietz
Turkish Journal of Botany
Acclimation of plants to their environment involves mechanisms at all molecular levels and only the complete temporal and spatial pattern adequately describes the acclimation state. The diversity of physiological states realized in plants increases by the essentially infinite combinations of abiotic and biotic stresses, considering duration, impact order, and strength. The interference between stressors involves phenomena of synergism, antagonism, and indifference. This review exemplarily sketches principles of interference considering posttranslational modifications, the formation of molecular assemblies in regulosomes, the regulation of gene expression, and the vast number of other posttranscriptional controls e.g., in RNA processing and recruitment to ribosomes. Small …