Life Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of Precision Feeding Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine To Meet The Lactating Sow’S Requirement And Maximize Piglet Growth Performance, Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 56 mixed parity sows (DNA 241, Columbus, NE) and litters (DNA 241 × 600) were used across two batch farrowing groups to evaluate the effects of precision feeding SID Lys during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments on day 2 of lactation (the day after the start of farrowing). The first treatment was a control treatment where sows were provided a 1.10% SID Lys diet throughout lactation. The second and third treatments included sows fed either a static blend curve or a dynamic blend curve. Both blend curve treatments utilized …

Effects Of Feeding Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine On Growth Performance Of 26- To 300-Lb Pic Line 800-Sired Pigs, Katelyn N. Gaffield, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Carine M. Vier, Matthew Spindler, Uislei Orlando, Luis Zargoza, Ning Lu, Wayne Cast, Danielle F. Wilson-Wells, Julia P. Holen, Alyssa M. Betlach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and economic returns of PIC 800 × 1050 pigs fed increasing SID Lys from approximately 26 to 300 lb. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 26 pigs per pen and 16 pens per treatment. Pens were provided 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SID Lys at 85, 93, 100, 107, and 115% of current PIC recommendations within 6 different phases. Two base diets containing low Lys and high Lys were blended …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Level On Growth Performance In 120 To 170 Lb Dna Finishing Pigs, Rafe Q. Royall, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to estimate the SID Lys requirement for growth and feed efficiency of 120- to 170-lb finishing pigs. A total of 700 barrows and gilts (600 × 241, DNA; initial BW of 117.2 ± 1.89 lb) were used in two separate studies, each lasting 21-d. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 8 to 10 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. A similar number of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to 0.65, …

Effect Of Increasing L-Lysine-Hcl And Amino Acid Ratios On Performance Of Finishing Pigs From 240 To 285 Lb, Larissa L. Becker, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,789 pigs (337 × 1050, PIC; initial BW 240.0 ± 2.51 lb) were used to determine the effects of increasing L-Lys-HCl and AA ratios on performance of late finishing pigs fed diets without DDGS. The study used 2 groups of pigs and each study lasted 18 and 27 d, respectively. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 20 to 25 pigs per pen and 19 replications per treatment (10 and 9 replications per group, respectively). Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Treatment diets consisted of low, …

Effects Of Reducing The Digestible Lysine And Tryptophan To Lysine Ratio On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs, Andres F. Tolosa, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Craig Steck, Matt L. Wolfe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,080 finishing pigs (327 × 1050, PIC; initially 71.3 ± 1.91 lb) were used in a 119-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of reducing the dietary SID Lys and SID Trp:Lys ratio on growth performance to find strategies to reduce growth rate of pigs during the grow-finish period. Pigs were allotted by initial BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design with 27 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets with DDGS. Three dietary regimes were formulated to contain either 100, …

Evaluation Of Compensatory Growth Of 200 Lb Finishing Pigs Previously Fed A Low Lysine Diet, Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 346 pigs (241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 195.3 lb) were used in a 44-d trial to evaluate the compensatory growth of 200 lb finishing pigs previously fed a low lysine diet. Two diets were manufactured (control and corn diet) and arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. One group of pigs (control) was fed the control diet from d 0 to 44. The other three groups of pigs were fed the corn diet for 2, 3, or 4 weeks and then switched to the control diet until d 44. The control diet contained 13.0% crude protein (CP) …

Evaluation Of Nutritional Strategies To Reduce Growth Rate Of Pigs Beyond 200 Lb Body Weight, Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 356 finishing pigs (DNA; 241 × 600; initially 196.3 ± 2.43 lb) were used in a44-d growth trial to evaluate nutritional strategies to reduce growth rate of pigs beyond200 lb body weight. A total of 3 diets were manufactured (control, Lys-deficient, andcorn) and arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. In stage 1 (d 0 to 28), pens received oneof two dietary treatments (control or Lys-deficient). Then on d 28, pens of pigs previouslyfed the control diet were separated into 2 groups, one fed the control diet and theother the corn diet. Pens …

Improving Performance Of Finishing Pigs With Added Valine, Isoleucine, And Tryptophan: Validating A Meta-Analysis Model, H. R. Kerkaert, H. S. Cemin, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, K. D. Haydon, C. Hastad, Z. Post

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Based on a recent meta-analysis, we hypothesized that increased dietary Val, Ile, or Trp could correct possible amino acid interactions caused by high dietary Leu in diets containing high levels of corn protein, namely dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). A total of 1,200 pigs (PIC TR4 × (Fast LW × PIC L02); initially 74.0 ± 1.38 lb) were used in a 103-d study. The 6 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal- DDGS-based diets as follows: 1) low level of Lys-HCl (HSBM), 2) high Lys-HCl and moderate Ile, Val, Trp (NC; AA above NRC4 estimates), 3) moderate Lys-HCl and high Ile, …

Effect Of Phase-Feeding Strategies On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs: Strategies To Reduce Dietary Phases Using A Field Approach On Lysine Levels, M. B. Menegat, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether simplification of phase-feeding strategies using a field approach with lysine specifications slightly below the estimated requirement for maximum growth rate is possible without compromising overall performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC; 359 × 1050; initially 63.5 lb body weight (BW)) were used in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment under commercial research conditions. Treatments consisted of four feeding programs with lysine specifications set at 98.5% of estimated requirements for maximum growth rate and 97.5% of …

Evaluating Soybean Meal Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, K. M. Dunmire, J. Dhakal, K. Stringfellow, C. R. Stark, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to establish a range of soybean meal quality to evaluate the correlations between official analytical methods and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Crushed soybean white flakes (Mark Hershey Farms, Lebanon, PA) exposed to mechanical oil extraction, but not heat processing, were used in this experiment. Ground samples (500 g) were put into cotton bags and autoclaved at 262°F for 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min at 29 PSI. This was done to simulate varying degrees of heat processing. A total of 2 samples per treatment were autoclaved in 3 separate blocks. The …

Effect Of Feeding Duration Of Increased Lysine And Energy Prior To Farrowing On Sow Performance And Colostrum Quality, K. M. Gourley, A. J. Swanson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 467 sows were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding duration of increased lysine (Lys) and energy prior to farrowing on sow and litter performance, piglet survival, and colostrum quality. Sows were blocked by body weight and parity category on d 106 of gestation, and allotted to one of three dietary treatments: 1) 4.5 lb/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until d 113 of gestation, then 6 lb/d lactation feed (28 g SID Lys and 9.4 Mcal ME) until parturition; 2) 4.5 lb/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys …

Leucine Supplementation Did Not Improve Protein Deposition Or Lysine Utilization In Growing Steers, K. A. Pearl, H. F. Speer, M. D. Miesner, E. C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:This study was conducted to determine if leucine supplementation could improve protein deposition and lysine utilization in growing steers.

Study Description:Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (380 lb) were provided treatments of postruminal infusions of 0 or 0.212 oz/day of lysine, and 0, 0.529, or 1.058 oz/day of leucine, with all 6 combinations tested. Ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and abomasal infusions of glucose provided energy, and all essential amino acids, except lysine, were infused abomasally to make lysine the sole limiting amino acid. Urine and fecal collections were used to measure nitrogen retention (protein deposition).

The …

Effects Of Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine During Gestation On Growth And Reproductive Performance Of Gilts And Sows Under Commercial Conditions, L. L. Thomas, L. K. Herd, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M A. Gonçalves, D. B. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted on a commercial sow farm to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake in gestation on sow performance and piglet birth weight. A total of 936 females (498 gilts, 438 sows; Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were group-housed (approximately 275 females per pen) and individually fed with electronic sow feeders (ESF). Scales were located in the alleyway after the feeding stations returning into the pen. Females were moved from the breeding stall to pens on d 4 of gestation and were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments on d 5. …

Effects Of Increasing Dietary Lysine On Performance Of Lactating Sows In Commercial Conditions, K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, S. J. Kitt, E. W. Stephenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 710 mixed parity sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 21-d study to determine the effect of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake during lactation on sow and litter performance and subsequent reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous sows housed in a commercial production system. On d 112 of gestation, females were weighed and blocked by BW within expected farrowing date and parity (1 to 7) and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments within blocks. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and consisted of increasing SID Lys (0.75, 0.90, 1.05, and 1.20%). …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine On 15- To 25-Lb Nursery Pigs, G. E. Nichols, C. M. Vier, A. B. Clark, M. B. Menegat, H. S. Cemin, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initial pen average BW of 15.4 lb) were used in a 22-d growth trial to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement of nursery pigs from 15- to 25-lb. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and allotted to pens based on BW and gender. There were 10 replicate pens per treatment and 6 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a common pelleted diet for 10 d post-weaning. Subsequently, pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental diets in a randomized complete block design, …

Effects Of Amino Acid Ratios And Lysine Level On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,268 pigs (PIC 327 × L42, initially 16.2 lb BW) was used in a 28-d growth study with 54 pigs per feeder (experimental unit) and 6 replications per treatment. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens at weaning and fed a common starter diet for 8 d. Pens were then blocked by BW and allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged in two levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (low,1.25% and high, 1.35%) and SID amino acid (AA) ratios relative to Lys (industry, 95% of maximum performance, and …

Effects Of Lysine On Performance Of Lactating Primiparous Sows, K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 111 primiparous sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 21-d study to determine the effect of lysine (Lys) intake during lactation on sow and litter performance and subsequent reproductive performance of primiparous sows. At d 110 of gestation, sows were weighed and randomly assigned to treatment based on weight block. Dietary treatments consisted of increasing levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (0.80, 0.95, 1.10, and 1.25% with other AA meeting or exceeding NRC [2012] recommendations as a ratio to Lys). All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC (2012) estimates. During the lactation …

Diet Formulation Method Influences The Response To Increasing Net Energy For Growing-Finishing Pigs, D. Marcal, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of increasing dietary net energy (NE) in growing-finishing diets with maintaining a standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys:NE ratio or not adjusting this ratio and keeping SID Lysine (Lys) constant across increasing NE density. A total of 150 pigs (Line 600 Duroc × Line 241, DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 91-d trial. Pens of pigs were blocked by gender and BW before being randomly assigned to treatments with 2 pigs per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Treatment diets included a low-energy negative control diet and a 2 × …

Effects Of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine On 15 To 24 Lb Nursery Pigs, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, K. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 nursery pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 14.8 lb BW) were used in a 28-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and allotted to the pens according to BW and gender. A common starter diet was fed for 6 d, then pens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were fed for 14 d followed by a common diet for 14 d. The 6 dietary …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, C. M. Vier, I. B. De Souza, J. A. De Jong, M. A. Goncalves, A. M. Jones, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in swine diets, thus providing the appropriate level in the diet is critical to growth performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys requirement of nursery pigs from 15 to 35 lb. A total of 300 maternal line barrows (200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 14.9 ± 0.5 lb BW) were fed six experimental diets as part of a 21-d trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens at weaning based on BW, and were fed a common pelleted diet for 9 d after weaning. …

Effects Of Commercial Formaldehyde Inclusion And Lysine Level On Pig Performance Of 35- To 50-Lb Nursery Pigs, R. A. Cochrane, L. G. Sica, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, C. R. Stark, C. K. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 299 pigs (DNA 400 × 200; initial BW 33.6 lb) were used in a 14-d study to determine the effects of two separate commercial formaldehyde products (Termin-8; Anitox Corp, Lawrenceville, GA and SalCURB; Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA) on nursery pig performance. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design with three formaldehyde inclusions: none vs. 6.5 lb/ton SalCURB vs. 6.0 lb/ton Termin-8 and 2 Lys levels: Standard (1.25% SID Lys) vs. Low (1.10% SID Lys). Formaldehyde treatments were established based on supplier recommendations and diets were treated with supplier-specific equipment. Pens of …