Life Sciences Commons^™

Identifying Herbicides For Use During Zoysiagrass Sprigging, Dani Mcfadden, Jack D. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weed control after planting warm-season grasses in the spring can be critical for acceptable establishment of the stand. However, many herbicide labels can be unclear on sprigging restrictions before or after the application of a product. Research was conducted on the growth effects of pre- and postemergence herbicides applied at or near the day of ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass sprigging. Preliminary data from this study shows granular (Ronstar G) and liquid (Ronstar Flo) formulations of oxadiazon caused the least amount of injury to zoysiagrass.

Wheat Variety Test Results For South Central Kansas - 2021, J. Seiler, R. Hein, R. Flaming, J. Carr, K. Nordyke, R. Lollato, B. C. Pedreira

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

South central Kansas is an important winter wheat production area in the state. This report summarizes the results of winter wheat variety tests for 2020-2021 in five locations.

Effects Of Prescribed Fire Timing On Stocker Cattle Performance And Native Plant Composition: Year 3 Of 6, Z. M. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, M. P. Ramirez, J. Lemmon, K. J. Suhr, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this experiment was to document the effects of prescribed-fire timing on stocker cattle performance, soil cover, and plant species composition over a six-year period.

Study Description:Yearling stocker cattle were assigned to one of three prescribed-burn treatments: spring (April 9 ± 5.1 days), summer (August 23 ± 4.9 days), or fall (September 29 ± 8.7 days). Calves were grazed from May to August for 90 days. Individual body weights (BW) were recorded at the beginning and end of the grazing season to determine total BW gains and average daily gains. Native plant composition and soil cover …

Inclusion Of Biuret With Or Without Bovatec In A Commercial Mineral Supplement Did Not Improve Growth Performance Of Yearling Calves Grazing Native Grass: Year 1 Of 2, M. G. Pflughoeft, Z. M. Duncan, Z. L. Debord, K. J. Suhr, W. R. Hollenbeck, F. K. Brazle, A. J. Tarpoff, K C. Olson, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of non-protein nitrogen (NPN; biuret) or NPN + ruminal modifier (biuret + Bovatec, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) inclusion in a commercial mineral mix on growth performance of yearling beef calves grazing in the Kansas Flint Hills.

Study Description:Three hundred ninety-five crossbred steers (initial body weight: 612 ± 77.8 lb) of Texas origin previously backgrounded at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit were used. Three mineral treatments consisting of a basal supplement (control), a basal supplement plus NPN (biuret), and a basal supplement plus NPN and lasalocid (Bovatec) were …

Feed Efficiency Is Better And Activity Is Greater In Growing Cattle Limit-Fed A High-Energy Diet During The Growing Phase Compared To A Traditional Roughage-Based Diet Fed For Ad Libitum Intake, M. A. Scilacci, E. C. Titgemeyer, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, A. J. Tarpoff, T. G. O'Quinn, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this experiment was to compare performance impacts of a high-energy diet limit-fed at 2.2% of body weight (BW) daily on a dry matter (DM) basis to a traditional roughage-based diet fed forad libitumintake during the growing phase.

Study Description:Three hundred seventy crossbred heifers (initial BW = 496 ± 44 lb) were used in a receiving and growing study at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit in the spring of 2020. Animals were fed once daily at 7:00 a.m. Bunks were visually observed, and feed refused was estimated.Ad libitumfeed refusal was targeted …

A Limit-Fed, High-Energy Diet Fed During The Growing Phase Does Not Negatively Affect Subsequent Feedlot Growth Performance Or Carcass Merit Compared To Feeding A Traditional Roughage-Based Diet Ad Libitum During The Growing Phase, M. A. Scilacci, E. C. Titgemeyer, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, A. J. Tarpoff, T. G. O'Quinn, K. Montgomery, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this experiment was to compare the subsequent growth performance and carcass impacts of a high-energy diet limit-fed at 2.2% of body weight (BW) or a traditional roughage-based diet fedad libitumduring the growing phase.

Study Description:Three hundred seventy crossbred heifers (initial BW = 496 ± 44 lb) previously used in a 90-day growing study at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit were transported to a commercial feedlot (Pratt Feeders, Pratt, KS) for finishing where cattle were fed a common diet. The two backgrounding diets included: (1) 45 Mcal of net energy for gain …

Digestibility Of Dry Matter Is Better And Manure Output Is Lower In Growing Cattle Limit-Fed A High-Energy Diet During The Growing Phase Compared To A Traditional Roughage-Based Diet Fed For Ad Libitum Intake, M. A. Scilacci, E. Titgemeyer, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, A. J. Tarpoff, T. G. O'Quinn, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:Evaluate the impact on intake and digestion of a high-energy diet limit-fed at 85% of thead libitumdaily consumption of a roughage-based diet on a dry matter (DM) basis compared to a traditional roughage-based growing diet in growing cattle.

Study Description:Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred Angus heifers (body weight = 450 ± 24 lb) were used in a cross-over design with two consecutive 15-day periods at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit. Two dietary treatments were fed: (1) 45 Mcal of net energy for gain (NE_g) per 100 lb of DM fed forad libitum …

Syngenta Enogen Corn Fed As Corn Grain And Corn Silage In Diets Containing Corn Coproducts Did Not Enhance Diet Digestibility In Growing Heifers, M. A. Scilacci, M. A. Johnson, E. C. Titgemeyer, S. P. Montgomery, A. J. Tarpoff, E. D. Watson, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:Evaluate the effect of feeding corn grain and corn silage from Enogen corn (EC; Syngenta Seeds, LLC., Downers Grove, IL) or conventional corn (CON) in diets containing either wet distillers grain (WDG; ICM Biofuels, St. Joseph, MO) or Sweet Bran [proprietary wet corn gluten feed (WCGF); Cargill Animal Nutrition, Blair, NE] on intake and digestibility in growing cattle.

Study Description:Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred heifers (initial body weight = 816 ± 94 lb) were used in an intake and digestibility study designed as a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Four consecutive, 15-day periods consisted of 10 days for …

Field Trial Assessing The Use Of Sex-Sorted Semen In Beef Cattle, K. W. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, C. Bronkhorst, E. M. Bortoluzzi, M. J. Goering, K. E. Fike, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sex-sorted semen on beef cows and heifers.

Study Description:For this trial, 320 Angus and SimAngus cows and heifers from four groups were used. Group 1 yearling heifers (n = 101) were synchronized using the melengestrol acetate plus prostaglandin F_2α(MGA-PGF_2α) protocol and Groups 2, 3, and 4 cows (n = 219) were synchronized using the 7-Day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol. Insemination was done with semen from an Angus sire (Group 1 yearling heifers and Group 2 young cows) sorted to contain>90% X-bearing sperm, or a …

Effect Of Ruminally-Protected Lysine Supplementation To Growing Cattle On Growth And Subsequent Finishing Performance, K. J. Hazlewood, M. S. Grant, D. A. Blasi, G. A. Ducharme, E. C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ruminally-protected lysine supplementation fed during the growing phase to cattle limit-fed a corn-based diet, and to evaluate the subsequent finishing performance.

Study Description:For 77 days, a group of 338 steers limit-fed at 2.4% of body weight daily on a dry matter basis were allocated to treatments providing 0, 3, or 6 g/day of lysine from Smartamine ML (Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA), or containing blood meal plus ruminally-protected methionine from Smartamine M. Growth performance was measured over the growing period. Cattle were then shipped to a commercial feedlot and …

Impact Of Disclosing Fat Content On Consumer Sensory Evaluation Of Ground Beef From A Similar Source, K. R. Lybarger, K. M. Harr, E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, S. G. Davis, M. D. Chao, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the impact of providing consumers with information regarding the fat content of ground beef on the consumer’s eating experience.

Study Description:Ground beef chubs that were 80% lean/20% fat (n= 15/panel type) were obtained, and 0.25-lb patties were fabricated from the chubs. Chubs were assigned randomly to panels. Panelists received samples labeled as the following: 90% lean/10% fat (90/10), 80% lean/20% fat (80/20), 73% lean/27% fat (73/27), lean, extra lean, and one sample with no information given (NONE). Samples were evaluated by consumers (n = 105), who were provided information …

Changes In The Perception Of Ground Beef Quality As A Result Of Price Per Pound Labeling, E. S. Beyer, K. M. Harr, K. J. Farmer, S. G. Davis, M. D. Chao, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of perceived palatability on ground beef patties by providing consumers with differing price per pound labels.

Study Description:Ground beef chubs (n = 15)of 80% lean/20% fat composition were used for all samples. Patties were formed 11 days after processing into 0.25 lb patties using a commercial patty former.

Samples were cooked to 160°F and served to consumers to determine different quality attributes. Consumers were given the following prices for each sample: Ultra-High - $6.25/lb; High - $5.00/lb; Medium - $3.75/lb; Low - $2.50/lb; Ultra-Low - $1.25/lb or …

Trained Sensory Panel Evaluation Of The Impact Of Bone-In Versus Boneless Cuts On Beef Palatability, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, S. G. Davis, K. M. Harr, M. D. Chao, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine palatability traits of beef cuts of differing bone status and quality grade.

Study Description:Paired (n = 12 pairs; 24 total/cut/grade) boneless ribeye rolls, export ribs, and short loins were procured. Short loins were fabricated into boneless strip loins with corresponding bone-in tenderloins, or bone-in strip loins with boneless tenderloins. Post-aging, subprimals were fabricated into steaks that were randomly selected for further analysis. A total of 18 trained sensory panels were conducted at the Kansas State University Meat Science Sensory Lab to determine differences in palatability traits.

Results:In totality, bone …

An Investigation On The Influence Of Various Biochemical Tenderness Factors On Eight Different Bovine Muscles, P. A. Hammond, C. K. Chun, W. Wu, A. A. Welter, T. G. O'Quinn, G. Magnin-Bissel, E. Geisbrecht, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:Beef tenderness is a complex palatability trait with many tenderness-contributing components. The objective of this study is to understand the relative contribution of each tenderness component to eight different beef muscles.

Study Description:Top sirloin butt, ribeye, brisket, flank, knuckle, eye of round, mock tender, and shoulder clod were collected from 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture high choice beef carcasses and assigned to a 2- or 21-day aging period (n = 160). Protein degradation, collagen content, mature collagen crosslink density, intramuscular lipid content, pH, shear force, and trained sensory panel analysis were determined. A Pearson correlation analysis was used …

Vegetation And Animal Production In Pastures Sprayed For Western Ragweed Control, Keith Harmoney, John Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) is a common native forb found throughout Kansas native rangelands and in some seeded pastures. Over time, western ragweed can form dense colonies from growth of lateral creeping rootstalks with multiple buds that can initiate new growth and form an upright stem and plant. Past research has shown that western ragweed does not compete with native grass production until ragweed contributes over approximately 35% of the forage dry matter of a pasture area. Cattle have utilized western ragweed in past long-term historical grazing trials. In a previous long-term trial at Hays, KS, western ragweed …

Roundup 2022: Agricultural Research Center-Hays

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center - Hays. This report communicates timely, applicable research information on beef production and rangeland topics.

Simulation Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Zoysia Turfgrass Using Daycent And Dndc Ecosystem Models, Mu Hong, Yao Zhang, Ross Braun, Dale J. Bremer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) implicated in global climate change. Process-based ecosystem models, such as DAYCENT and DNDC, have been widely used to predict GHG fluxes in agricultural systems. However, neither model has yet been applied to warm-season turfgrasses such as zoysiagrass. This study parameterized, calibrated, and validated the DAYCENT and DNDC models for N₂O emissions from Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud.) using Bayes’ theorem and field data from Braun and Bremer (2018a, 2019) and Lewis and Bremer (2013). Results indicated DAYCENT, but not DNDC, reasonably simulated the impacts of irrigation …

Aerification Effects On ‘Innovation’ Zoysiagrass In 2020-2021, Dani Mcfadden, Jack D. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When a thatch layer accumulates on turfgrass it can be detrimental to the stand. A field experiment was initiated to investigate aerification treatments and their influence on thatch (organic matter level), quality, and color of ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass that was sodded within the past year. Turfgrass that was intensely aerified had less organic matter content in the surface inch of the profile compared to turfgrass that was not aerified. Color was also enhanced in treatments receiving aerification compared to non-aerified turf, which may have been attributed to trending of higher nitrate content in aerified plots.

2021 Kansas Summer Annual Forage Hay And Silage Variety Trial, J. Holman, A. Obour, S. Dooley, T. Roberts

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 2021, summer annual forage variety trials were conducted across Kansas near Garden City, Hays, and Scandia. All sites evaluated hay and silage entries. Companies were able to enter varieties into any possible combinations of research sites, so not all sites had all varieties. Across the sites, a total of 104 hay varieties and 55 sorghum silage varieties were evaluated.

Deficit Irrigation Strategies For Subsurface Drip-Irrigated Alfalfa, F. R. Lamm, R. Reyes-Esteves, K. R. Harmoney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This subsurface drip-irrigated study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 at the Kansas State University Northwest Research-Extension Center near Colby, KS, to evaluate five deficit irrigation strategies for alfalfa. All strategies were irrigated similarly (100% of Evapotranspiration (ET) minus Rain) through the first seasonal cutting. Following the first cutting, treatments were 1) Irrigate to replace 85% ET minus Rain; 2) Irrigate to replace 50% ET minus Rain between Cutting 2 and 3, then 85% ET-Rain; 3) Irrigate to replace 50% ET minus Rain between Cutting 2 and 4, then 85% ET-Rain; 4) Irrigate to replace 70% ET minus Rain between …

Crop Assurance Strategies For Irrigated Grain Sorghum Production, F. R. Lamm

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This sprinkler-irrigated study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 at the Kansas State University Northwest Research-Extension Center near Colby, KS, to evaluate four different water management strategies that could provide assurance of adequateyielding grain sorghum. The grain sorghum was grown on sites with good initial soil water at planting (>70% of field capacity within the 8-ft deep silt loam profile). Strategies were 1) No seasonal irrigation; 2) Irrigation of 100% of ET minus Rain after the boot stage through remainder of season; 3) Irrigation of 100% of ET minus Rain up to a limit of 6 inches; and 4) …

Weather Information For Tribune, D. Bond, J. Slattery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Summary of 2021 weather for research conducted at the Tribune Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station field location.

Efficacy Of Miticides Applied At Tassel Stage For The Control Of Spider Mites In Corn, 2020, A. Zukoff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Spider mite populations peaked during the week of August 19 and declined rapidly by August 26. Mite populations were made up entirely of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). The Portal with Exponent, Oberon, and Zeal treatments provided the best season-long control in this trial while Portal, Onager, and Mitomax II provided the most control 14 to 21 days after treatment. The lowest overall reduction in predatory mites during the season, when compared to control plots, occurred in the Portal and Onager treatments.

Evaluation Of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants And Tissue Analysis For Corn, G. A. Roa-Acosta, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different soil test phosphorus methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and Haney H3A) for corn production, and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The experiment was conducted at 12 locations, and the fertilizer treatments consisted of five phosphorus fertilizer rates applied by broadcast pre-plant. Soil samples were collected at 0- to 6-in. depth, then samples were collected before treatment application by block. Tissue samples were collected at the V6 and R1 growth stages. The relationship between the different soil test phosphorus methods and the …

2021 Fertilizer Weather Station Report, M. Sittel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report includes the annual summary of precipitation and temperatures from 2021 at the research locations represented in the 2022 fertilizer report.

Evaluation Of Essential Fatty Acids In Lactating Sow Diets On Sow Reproductive Performance, Colostrum And Milk Composition, And Piglet Survivability, Julia P. Holen, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Ashley E. Dedecker, Xochitl Martinez

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 3,451 mixed parity sows and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of essential fatty acid intake on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth and survivability, and colostrum and milk composition. At approximately d 112 of gestation, sows were blocked by parity within farrowing room and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments. Lactation diets were corn-soybean meal-wheat-based and included 0.5 (Control) or 3% choice white grease (CWG), 3% soybean oil (SO), or a combination of 3% soybean oil and 2% choice white grease (Combination). Thus, sows were provided diets with low essential fatty acid (EFA; …

Evaluation Of Environmental Enrichment On Feed Intake And Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs, Jenna J. Bromm, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.8 ± 1.83 lb BW) were used in a 42-d nursery trial to determine the effects of the addition of an environmental enrichment, in the form of ropes tied to the feeder dividers, on feed intake and growth performance of weanling pigs. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 36 pens per treatment. At placement, a rope was secured to each of the dividers in the feed pans of the feeder (3 ropes/feeder) and remained …

Evaluation Of Corn Protein Source On Feed Intake Preference In Nursery Pigs, Ethan B. Stas, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 180 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 17.0 ±1.6 lb) were used to determine feed intake preference from various corn protein sources. A series of 5-day preference trials were used with two diets offered within each comparison with feeder location rotated daily within each pen. Feed consumption was used to determine preference between each diet comparison. There were 6 replicates of each diet comparison. The corn protein sources utilized in this experiment included: fermented corn protein, high protein distillers dried grains with solubles (HPDDGs), whole stillage solids (approximately 2/3 content of fermented corn protein), and thin stillage …

Use Of Specialty Soy Products To Replace Poultry Meal And Spray-Dried Blood Plasma In Diets Provided To Nursery Pigs Housed In Commercial Conditions, Ethan B. Stas, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Zach B. Post, Chad W. Hastad, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,260 pigs (PIC TR4 × [Fast LW × PIC L02]; initially 14.8 lb) were used to evaluate a specialty soy protein source as an alternative to poultry meal and spray-dried blood plasma on nursery pig performance in a commercial environment. At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments based on initial weight in two research nurseries. In the first facility there were 20 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. In the second facility, there were 21 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment for a total of 22 replications per treatment. …

Effects Of Bovine Plasma And Pharmacological Zinc Level On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Characteristics, Zhong-Xing Rao, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Joy M. Campbell, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 12.9 lb) were used in a 38-d trial to evaluate the effect of Zn level and bovine plasma in nursery pig diets. At the time of placement, pens of pigs were weighed and allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with barn as the blocking factor. There was a total of 60 pens with 5 pigs per pen and 15 replicates per dietary treatment. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of Zn level (high and low) and …