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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1995

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Omitting Vitamin And Trace Mineral Premixes From Diets During Late Finishing (190 To 250 Lb) Did Not Reduce Growth Performance, Carcass Leanness, Or Muscle Quality (1995), I H. Kim, L L. Burnham, Robert H. Hines, M M. Rantanen, I Mavromichalis, Joe D. Hancock, Donald H. Kropf, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1995

Omitting Vitamin And Trace Mineral Premixes From Diets During Late Finishing (190 To 250 Lb) Did Not Reduce Growth Performance, Carcass Leanness, Or Muscle Quality (1995), I H. Kim, L L. Burnham, Robert H. Hines, M M. Rantanen, I Mavromichalis, Joe D. Hancock, Donald H. Kropf, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Average daily gain; F/G; dressing percentage; tenth rib fat thickness; and depth, marbling, color, and firmness of the longissimus muscle were not influenced by omitting the vitamin and(or) trace mineral premixes from diets during late finishing (190 to 250 lb). Thus, our data suggest that the KSU vitamin and trace mineral premixes can be omitted during late finishing to reduce cost of gain without decreasing growth performance, carcass merit, or muscle quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995

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Determining The Optimal Threonine:Lysine Ratio In Starter Diets For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pig (1995), J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, W B. Nessmith Jr, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1995

Determining The Optimal Threonine:Lysine Ratio In Starter Diets For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pig (1995), J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, W B. Nessmith Jr, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 35-day growth trial was conducted to determine the threonine: lysine ratio necessary to optimize growth performance of the segregated early-weaned (SEW) pig. Twelve experimental diets included two levels of lysine (1.15% and 1.5% digestible lysine) and six digestible threonine:lysine ratios (50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75%) in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement. Growth performance was improved by feeding 1.5% digestible lysine, rather than 1. 15% digestible lysine. However, growth performance was not improved by increasing dietary threonine. These data indicate that the threonine requirement is no more than 50% of digestible lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November …

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Ad Libitum Suckling By A Foster Calf In The Presence Or Absence Of The Cow's Own Calf Prolongs Postpartum Anestrus To First Ovarian Cycle, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1995

Ad Libitum Suckling By A Foster Calf In The Presence Or Absence Of The Cow's Own Calf Prolongs Postpartum Anestrus To First Ovarian Cycle, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Five treatments were initiated approximately 15 days after calving: 1) calf was weaned from its dam (CW); 2) calf was present continually with its own dam (CP-O); 3) calf was present continually with its own dam but contact with the udder was restricted (CR); 4) foster calf was pre sent continually but the cow's own calf was absent (CP-F); and 5) foster calf was present continually, and the dam's own calf was present but restricted (CR+F). Cows weaned at 15 days (CW) cycled in about 2 weeks, whereas cows in the CR treatment cycled 1 week later, and cows in …

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Response Of Pregnant Beef Cows To Undegradable Intake Protein Fed In Excess Of The Degradable Intake Protein Requirement, R.C. Cochran, H.H. Koster, E.S. Vanzant, Timothy J. Jones, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1995

Response Of Pregnant Beef Cows To Undegradable Intake Protein Fed In Excess Of The Degradable Intake Protein Requirement, R.C. Cochran, H.H. Koster, E.S. Vanzant, Timothy J. Jones, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two concurrent experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect on performance and forage intake of increasing the supply of undegradable intake protein (UIP) to pregnant beef cows already receiving sufficient degradable intake protein (DIP) to maximize forage intake. Three supplements were fed at .34% BW/day, providing .092% B W/day of DIP (level determined in previous study to maximize forage intake) and .042, .059, and .077% BW/day of UIP (low , moderate, and high UIP, respectively) . In study 1, ad libitum tallgrassprairie forage intake was measured daily from 12/1/93 to 2/10/9 4 using 18 pregnant Angus x Hereford cows. Forage …

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Optimal Urea Level In Corn-Based Finishing Diets Containing Alfalfa As The Roughage Source, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr. Jan 1995

Optimal Urea Level In Corn-Based Finishing Diets Containing Alfalfa As The Roughage Source, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred medium-growth potential, crossbred yearling steers (766 lb) were used to identify the optimal level of urea in finishing diets, based on growth and carcass traits. The corn-base d diets had no urea o r contained .35, .70, 1.05, or 1.40% urea (dry matter basis) and no other supplemental protein. Alfalfa hay (10% of DM) was the roughage source and contained 16% crude protein. Feed efficiency and gain were improved by .35% urea, with little improvement from higher additions. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal level of urea for gain and feed efficiency was .5% of dietary dry matter. …

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Effect Of Rumen Escape Amino Acids And Multiple Tba Implants On Feedlot Performance Of Lightweight Holstein Steer Calves, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1995

Effect Of Rumen Escape Amino Acids And Multiple Tba Implants On Feedlot Performance Of Lightweight Holstein Steer Calves, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred forty Holstein steers (343 lb) were stratified by weight and allotted to one of eight treatment combinations in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. Main effects were implant (Synovex-S (S) or Synovex-S + Finaplix-S (SF) on day 0, 87, 168, and 238 and level of rumen escape amino acids (Smartamine-ML (SML) at 0, 5, 10, or 15 grams/head/day). These levels of SML supplied 0, 2.75, 5.5, and 8.25 g/day of Llysine and 0, .75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/day of DL-methionine. Steers implanted with SF gained 4% faster, had a 4% improvement in feed:gain, a lower dressing percentage, 12% …

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Combinations Of Nonprotein Nitrogen And Natural Protein Affect Performance Of Finishing Steers Fed Flaked Corn Diets, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., T.P. Eck Jan 1995

Combinations Of Nonprotein Nitrogen And Natural Protein Affect Performance Of Finishing Steers Fed Flaked Corn Diets, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., T.P. Eck

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred crossbred steers (7 85 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of the relative proportion of supplemental nitrogen derived from soybean meal (SBM) and urea. Treatments included an unsupplemented negative control and four 13% CP diets containing SBM:urea proportions (nitrogen basis) of 100:0, 67:33, 33: 67, and 0:100. Steers fed the control diets gained 38% slower (P<.01); ate 4% less feed (P<.10); were 33% less efficient (P<.01); and had lighter carcasses (P<.01) with less backfat (P<.01), less kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH; P<.12), less ribeye area (REA; P<.11) , and less marbling (P<.01) than nitrogen-supplemented steers. Among steers fed supplemented diets, feed intake increased linearly as proportion of SBM increased (P<.01) . Daily gain (P<.05) and feed:gain (P<.05) responded quadratically and was best for steers fed combinations of the nitrogen sources. Similarly, hot carcass weights and backfat thickness were greater (P<.06) for steers fed the mixed supplements. There was a tendency for a linear increase in KPH as proportion of urea in the diet was increased (P<.14). Yield grade, ribeye area, and marbling were unaffected by SBM:urea proportions. In high-concentrate finishing diets, at least some of the supplemental nitrogen should be derived from a natural, degradable-protein source.

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Process Intervention To Assure Sanitation Of Beef Carcasses And Cuts, R.K. Prasai, P.B. Kenney, C.M. García Zepeda, L.E. Mease, L.R. Vogt, B.L. Willard, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, R.E. Campbell, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle Jan 1995

Process Intervention To Assure Sanitation Of Beef Carcasses And Cuts, R.K. Prasai, P.B. Kenney, C.M. García Zepeda, L.E. Mease, L.R. Vogt, B.L. Willard, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, R.E. Campbell, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The meat industry and Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) strive to minimize carcass contamination during slaughter and subsequent processing. Because microbial contamination during slaughter cannot be avoided completely, decontamination methods must be addressed. This overview emphasizes process intervention studies conducted at Kansas State University to determine the most effective intervention points and technologies to control microbiological hazards in meat and meat products. Our research shows that trimming of gross contamination followed by washing is a reasonable approach to minimizing microbial contamination on beef carcasses. We also found that sanitation of subprimal cuts may be just as effective as treating …

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Summary Of Kansas State University Swine Enterprise Record 1995, B T. Richert, Michael R. Langemeier, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1995

Summary Of Kansas State University Swine Enterprise Record 1995, B T. Richert, Michael R. Langemeier, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas Swine Enterprise Record Program evaluates biological and economic performance and is part of a cooperative record-keeping project with extension personnel and swine producers in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. From July 1, 1994 to June 31, 1995, profit per cwt of pork produced for these producers (37 semi-annual and 20 annual data) averaged $4.75 for the first 6 months of 1995, but a loss of $1.22 occurred for the past year. Producers in the top one-third in terms of profitability had average profits of $3.44 per cwt, whereas producers in the bottom one-third had average losses of $7.07 …

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A Comparison Of Risk And Return For Contract And Independent Hog Finishing (1995), J L. Parcell, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1995

A Comparison Of Risk And Return For Contract And Independent Hog Finishing (1995), J L. Parcell, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Risks associated with independent hog finishing have prompted producers to seek alternative production and marketing methods. A means of reducing risk has developed through contract hog finishing. Research results indicate that risk-neutral producers require contract base payments ranging from $11.25 to $14.00 per head. Strongly risk-averse producers require contract base payments ranging from $4.75 to $7.75 per head. The lower ends of the ranges are for a contract with performance incentives. The upper ends of the ranges are for a flat contract without performance incentives. Calculated required base payments are similar to those payments currently received by contract hog finishers.; …

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Effects Of Lactose Sources On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (1995), W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, J W. Smith Ii, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1995

Effects Of Lactose Sources On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (1995), W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, J W. Smith Ii, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to evaluate different sources of pure lactose as a substitute for spray-dried, edible-grade whey in starter diets. Results suggest that pure lactose can replace the lactose provided by dried whey in phase I starter diets. However, numerical differences in growth performance occurred among the lactose sources used.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995

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The Effects Of Substituting Spray-Dried Whole Egg From Egg Grading Plants For Spray-Dried Plasma Protein In Phase I Diets (1995), W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1995

The Effects Of Substituting Spray-Dried Whole Egg From Egg Grading Plants For Spray-Dried Plasma Protein In Phase I Diets (1995), W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing spray-dried plasma protein with spray-dried whole egg from egg grading plants on starter pig performance. Up to 50% (3.5% of the diet) of spray-dried plasma protein can be replaced with spraydried whole egg (6% of the diet) without influencing performance of starter pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995

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Combinations Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Spray-Dried Plasma Protein In The Transition Diet (11 To 15 Lb) For The Early-Weaned Pig (1995), J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, W B. Nessmith Jr, B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1995

Combinations Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Spray-Dried Plasma Protein In The Transition Diet (11 To 15 Lb) For The Early-Weaned Pig (1995), J R. Bergstrom, K Q. Owen, W B. Nessmith Jr, B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Early-weaned pigs (weaned at 7 to 14 d of age) that are managed in a conventional, one-site production system require a more complex diet in the transition phase (11 to 15 lb) than early-weaned pigs that are managed in a segregated early weaning (SEW), multiple-site, production system.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995

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Influence Of Timing And Rate Of Gain On Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, J.M. Smith, G.C. Lamb, J. Ernest Minton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran Jan 1995

Influence Of Timing And Rate Of Gain On Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, J.M. Smith, G.C. Lamb, J. Ernest Minton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-seven crossbred heifers (573 lb initial body weight) were developed in drylot and limit-fed a corn, sorghum silage diet predicted to produce gains of either 1 lb/day for the entire developmental period (EVENGAIN) or .25 lb/day for the first two-thirds of the period followed by 2 lb/day during the last third (LATEGAIN). Treatments began on November 15, 1993 and continued until April 25, 1994, the onset of the breeding season. Actual daily gains averaged 1.31 lb/day for EVENGAIN heifers, whereas LATEGAIN heifers averaged .55 lb/day for the first two-thirds of the feeding period and 2.5 lb daily for the last …

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Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Rations: Digestibility And Ruminal Metabolism, B.S. Dalke, K.K. Bolsen, R.N. Jr. Sonon, Matthew A. Young Jan 1995

Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Rations: Digestibility And Ruminal Metabolism, B.S. Dalke, K.K. Bolsen, R.N. Jr. Sonon, Matthew A. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design and fed the following six high concentrat e (90%) rations: control; 5, 10, or 15% pelleted wheat middlings (WM) replacing the concentrate (dry rolled corn); and 5 or 10% pelleted WM replacing the roughage (chopped alfalfa hay). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and starch digestibilities decreased linearly when increasing levels of WM replaced the concentrate , but replacing the roughage increased DM and OM digestibilities linearly. WM could replace only up to 5 % of the concentrate without reducing nutrient digestibilities, but …

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Sulfur Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers, C.G. Campbell, G. St Jean, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1995

Sulfur Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers, C.G. Campbell, G. St Jean, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were conducted to evaluate sulfur amino acid requirements of growing steers. In trial 1, six ruminally cannulated steers (352 lb) were used to determine methionine requirements . Treatments were abomasal infusions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 g/day of L-methionine. Steers were fed 5.8 lb of a soyhull and wheat straw based diet. Continuous infusion s of acetate, propionate, and butyrate into the rumen and of dextrose into the abomasum were made to increase energy. Amino acids other than methionine were infused into the abomasum to ensure that they did not limit steer performance. Nitrogen retention …

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Relationships Between Weaning Weight, Maternal Weaning Weight, And Milk Production In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles Jan 1995

Relationships Between Weaning Weight, Maternal Weaning Weight, And Milk Production In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Performance data from a Polled Hereford herd selected for improved feed conversion were used to calculate a variety of genetic parameters. Heritabilities were .14 for weaning wt, .18 for maternal weaning wt., and .19 for milk production. The genetic correlations were -.10 between weaning weight and maternal weaning weight and 0 between weaning weight and milk production. However, the genetic correlation between maternal weaning weight and milk was . 99, indicating they are essentially the same trait. Milk EPDs published by most breed associations are calculate d as the maternal weaning weight. Our study strongly supports this method of estimating …

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Effects Of Grazing System And Use Of A Pasture-Phase Implant On Grazing And Finishing Performance Of Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., C.T. Milton, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1995

Effects Of Grazing System And Use Of A Pasture-Phase Implant On Grazing And Finishing Performance Of Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., C.T. Milton, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results are presented from the first year of a 2-year study to evaluate the effects of grazing system (intensive-early stocking or IES vs season-long grazing or SLG) with or without a pasture-phase implant (Synovex-S®) on grazing and subsequent finishing performance. Compared to a SLG system, IES resulted in faster rate of gain on pasture and more beef produced per acre, although SLG resulted in greater total pasture gain per animal. Implanting improved rate of gain and increased beef per acre, particularly for IES steers. In the feedlot, IES steers gained weight faster and more efficiently than SLG steers. However, SLG …

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Display Life And Internal Cooked Color Of Ground Beef From Vitamin E-Supplemented Cattle, C.L. Lavelle, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1995

Display Life And Internal Cooked Color Of Ground Beef From Vitamin E-Supplemented Cattle, C.L. Lavelle, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Retail display life of ground beef and internal color of patties cooked to four endpoint temperatures (131, 149, 160, and 17 1EF) were determined for ground beef (9% fat) from vitamin E-supplemented (500 and 2000 IU per day) steers. Visual scores indicated that the display time required for the 500 and 2000 vitamin E samples to reach an objectionable reddish-brown/brown color was increased by 12 and 32 hours, respectively, as compared with the 0 vitamin E samples. Patties did not differ in internal cooked color regardless of vitamin E level. Vitamin E was effective in increasing retail display color stability …

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Determinants Of Prices For Cow-Calf Pairs, J.L. Parcell, F.D. Hiner, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1995

Determinants Of Prices For Cow-Calf Pairs, J.L. Parcell, F.D. Hiner, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study of price determinants for cow-calf pairs was undertaken at a local Kansas auction company during 1993. Cow breed, age, health, condition score, horns, frame size, and whether the cow h ad been bred back impacted cow-calf pair values, as well as calf weight, health, and frame score. Addition ally, pairs per pen significantly impacted prices. Young healthy cows with healthy large calves received the highest prices.

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Cash Operating Income And Liquidity Management For Feeder Cattle Operations, B.D. Elliott, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone Jan 1995

Cash Operating Income And Liquidity Management For Feeder Cattle Operations, B.D. Elliott, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Net cash flow measures the amount of cash remaining after all cash expense obligations are satisfied. This cash is available for additional farm investment, off-farm investment, family living, and additional debt repayment. A 5-year, average, monthly, cash-flow statement was used to determine net cash flow for 18 feeder cattle farms .Results indicate that excess cash was used primarily to invest in equipment, vehicles, and nonfarm assets. Investments in buildings increased moderately over the study period, while investment in land was minimal.

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Dietary Lysine And Slaughter Weight Affect Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Boars And Barrows (1995), M M. Rantanen, Robert H. Hines, I H. Kim, K G. Friesen, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1995

Dietary Lysine And Slaughter Weight Affect Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Boars And Barrows (1995), M M. Rantanen, Robert H. Hines, I H. Kim, K G. Friesen, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During the growing and finishing period, the boars ate less, had better F/G, and were less fat than barrows. A high plane of nutrition (high vs moderate lysine concentrations for the growing-finishing phases) and decreasing slaughter weight from 260 to 220 lb also improved efficiency of gain and carcass leanness. However, many notable interactions occurred among the gender x lysine x slaughter weight treatments. Also, year (rotational-cross of average health status and lean growth potential vs a terminal-cross of high lean growth potential after repopulation of the farm) had pronounced effects on growth performance and carcass merits such that the …

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The Effects Of Increasing Dietary Energy Density On Growing-Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (1995), J W. Smith Ii, R M. Musser, W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, J A. Loughmiller, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1995

The Effects Of Increasing Dietary Energy Density On Growing-Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (1995), J W. Smith Ii, R M. Musser, W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, J A. Loughmiller, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding fat to corn-soybean meal diets with a constant calorie: lysine ratio to increase the energy density during the growing phase (98 to 160 lb) improved feed efficiency with no influence on growth rate. However, increasing the energy content of the diet by adding fat had no benefit during the finishing phase (160 to 233 lb).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995

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Effects Of Crowding And Intermittent Feed Intake On Growth Performance And Development Of Stomach Lesions In Finishing Pigs (1995), P Sorrell, L L. Burnham, I H. Kim, G A. Kennedy, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1995

Effects Of Crowding And Intermittent Feed Intake On Growth Performance And Development Of Stomach Lesions In Finishing Pigs (1995), P Sorrell, L L. Burnham, I H. Kim, G A. Kennedy, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs in uncrowded pens (12 ft^2/pig) consumed more feed, gained at a greater rate, and tended to develop fewer stomach lesions than pigs in crowded pens (6 ft^2/pig). Pigs with ad libitum access to feed consumed more feed and gained at a greater rate than pigs deprived of feed for 24-h periods twice each week. The resulting intermittent feed intake increased the severity of stomach lesions but only for uncrowded pigs. In conclusion, crowding slowed growth for all pigs and increased the severity of stomach lesions. Intermittent feed intake also slowed growth, but its effects on development of stomach lesions …

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Particle Size (1,000 Vs 500 Um) Affects Nutritional Value Of Simple And Complex Diets For Weanling Pigs And Broiler Chicks (1995), I H. Kim, M R. Cabrera, Robert H. Hines, M M. Rantanen, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1995

Particle Size (1,000 Vs 500 Um) Affects Nutritional Value Of Simple And Complex Diets For Weanling Pigs And Broiler Chicks (1995), I H. Kim, M R. Cabrera, Robert H. Hines, M M. Rantanen, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nursery pigs fed complex diets had greater ADG than those fed simple diets, and as particle size was reduced, ADG and F/G tended to improve. There was a trend for reducing particle size to increase ADG more for pigs fed simple versus complex diets, but the response in efficiency of gain was of similar magnitude regardless of diet complexity. A second experiment was designed to determine if broiler chicks were an acceptable model for predicting the effects of feed processing procedures on nursery pigs. Chicks responded somewhat differently than pigs to the diet complexity x particle size treatments, with reduction …

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Selection Response And Genetic Parameter Estimation For Feed Intake, Gain, And Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles Jan 1995

Selection Response And Genetic Parameter Estimation For Feed Intake, Gain, And Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Performance records of 1459 Polled Hereford cattle born from 1967 through 1979 were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters and the direct and correlated responses that were due to selection for feed conversion. Heritabilities were .24 for intake, .25 for gain, and .14 for feed conversion. The genetic correlation between average daily gain and feed conversion was -.82; correlation between average daily gain and feed intake was .42. Faster-gaining cattle have greater feed intakes and are more efficient. Feed conversion was improved by direct selection. However, it is more economically feasible for breeders to improve feed conversion by selecting for faster …

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Breed And Management Comparisons And Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1995

Breed And Management Comparisons And Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Carcass data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational , crossbreeding project were used to calculate heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations , and management effects and to compare breeds for marbling, ribeye area, and hot carcass weight. Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Simmental breeds were involved. Sixty percent of the steer calves were fed as calves and 40% as yearlings. Heritabilities were .40 for marbling, .46 for ribeye area, and .51 for carcass weight. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were high between carcass weight and ribeye area but low between marbling and the other traits. Steers fed as …

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The Effect Of Dietary Zinc Level And Source On Yearling Bull Growth And Fertility, J.D. Arthington, K.R. Johnson, L.R. Corah, C.L. Willms, D.A. Hill Jan 1995

The Effect Of Dietary Zinc Level And Source On Yearling Bull Growth And Fertility, J.D. Arthington, K.R. Johnson, L.R. Corah, C.L. Willms, D.A. Hill

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To study the effect of dietary zinc level and source on bull growth and fertility, 325 yearling Angus bulls were allotted by weight into six pens (three pens of heavy and three pens of lightweight bulls). The three supplemental zinc (Zn) treatments were 1) 40 ppm inorganic Zn all supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnI); 2) 40 ppm Zn with 1/3 supplied by Zn proteinate and 2/3 supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnPI); and 3) 60 ppm ZnI all supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnHi). Initial and final liver biopsies (10 per pen) were collected and analyzed for zinc concentration. Individual weights and …

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Effects Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Cow-Calf Performance In The Flint Hills, R.C. Cochran, D.E. Johnson, K. C. Olson, David C. Hartnett, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1995

Effects Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Cow-Calf Performance In The Flint Hills, R.C. Cochran, D.E. Johnson, K. C. Olson, David C. Hartnett, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 6-year study was designed to measure the influences of stocking rate and grazing system on performance of cow-calf pairs grazing tallgrass prairie. This paper summarizes the initial 3 years. Late-season rest-rotation was compared to continuous grazing over low, moderate, and high stocking rates. No differences (P>.10) were observed in body weight of cows or calves as a result of grazing system or stocking rate. However, calf weaning weight tended (P=.20) to be greater with continuous grazing than with late season rest-rotation. Cow body condition score was unaffected (P>.10) by stocking rate or grazing system. Conception rates were …

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The Effect Of Implants On Gain Of Heifers Grazing Native Grass, F.K. Brazle, D.L. Cook Jan 1995

The Effect Of Implants On Gain Of Heifers Grazing Native Grass, F.K. Brazle, D.L. Cook

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred-ninety crossbred heifers were allotted randomly to one of three implant treatments: 1) Implus- H®, 2) Synovex-H®, and 3) Ralgro®. The heifers grazed native grass pastures for 122 days, stocked at 4 acres per head. The heifers receiving the Implus-H tended to gain faster (P<.12) than the Ralgro heifers. No difference in gain occurred between the Implus-H and Synovex-H heifers.

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