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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1980

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Using Exhaust Air From A Swine Finishing House To Grow Vegetables And Plants (1980), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch Jan 1980

Using Exhaust Air From A Swine Finishing House To Grow Vegetables And Plants (1980), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Exhaust air from a Kansas State University swine finishing house provides CO2 and possible other gases that are used by vegetable plants. In addition, a rock storage system reduces fuel requirements of the greenhouse. Tomatoes, cucumbers, and broccoli transplants have been grown in the greenhouses.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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The Effects On Boar Reproductive Efficiency Of Exposure To Females During Rearing (1980), Duane L. Davis, J V. Craig, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines Jan 1980

The Effects On Boar Reproductive Efficiency Of Exposure To Females During Rearing (1980), Duane L. Davis, J V. Craig, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-two boars (16 littermates) were reared from 3½ to 5½ months in either an all-male group or with fence-line exposure to cycling sows and gilts. Exposure to females did not significantly increase testicle or accessory gland weights, sperm production, or libido score. Boars that displayed more sexual activity (mounts and sheath sniffs) from 3½ to 5½ months of age performed superiorly in mating tests at 5½ and 7½ months of age. Libido scores of littermate boars were very similar.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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Feeding Value Of Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (Alpc) For Swine (1980), A Hsu, G L. Allee Jan 1980

Feeding Value Of Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (Alpc) For Swine (1980), A Hsu, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three feeding trials involving 96 starter pigs, 48 grower pigs and 48 finisher pigs were used to determine the feeding value of alfalfa leaf protein concentrate (ALPC) for swine. ALPC was substituted for 33%, 66% or 100% of dehulled soybean meal (SBM) on an equal-weight basis. Level of ALPC did not affect feed intake or feed efficiency. During the finisher phase, ALPC substituted for 66% or 100% of dehulled SBM, improved daily gain (P<.05). For the entire trial, ALPC did not affect feed efficiency; average daily gain was improved by replacing 66% dehulled SBM with ALPC (P<.05). Twelve crossbred barrows averaging 26 lb were used to determine protein and energy digestibilities and nitrogen balance in starter diets where ALPC replaced 0, 66%, or 100% of the dehulled SBM. Digestibilities of protein and energy of ALPC were 83.5% and 77.7% respectively. The digestible energy of ALPC, 4.17 kcal/g, was similar to that of dehulled SBM 4.39 kcal/g. These results suggest that ALPC can replace soybean meal in a corn diet for pigs from 17 lb to 202 lb with no adverse effects on feed efficiency, rate of gain, or carcass characteristics.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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Study Ii: Electrically Stimulated And Hot-Processed Beef--Color And Eating Qualities, K. Hagele, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, M. Lyon Jan 1980

Study Ii: Electrically Stimulated And Hot-Processed Beef--Color And Eating Qualities, K. Hagele, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, M. Lyon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Hot processing is gaining increased interest in the beef processing industry today because of the previously mentioned processing efficiencies and economic advantages. This study examined the color and eating characteristics of electrically stimulated hot-processed beef compared with beef conventionally chilled and processed.

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Application And Potential Of Electrical Stimulation, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1980

Application And Potential Of Electrical Stimulation, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It has been known for years that electrical stimulation will improve tenderness of meat, but the technique only recently has gained considerable interest in the meat industry. Benjamin Franklin in 1749 observed that killing turkeys electrically made the muscle quite tender. In 1951, Harsham and Deatherage and Rentschler gained separate patents for tenderizing carcasses with electrical stimulation. Tenderness was the most obvious change stemming from electrical stimulation. However, research efforts in New Zealand, England, and the United States have recently attributed other important results to the technique.

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Effect Of Ralgro On The Performance Of Cull Beef Cows, L.R. Corah, F. Brazle, J.D. Dawes Jan 1980

Effect Of Ralgro On The Performance Of Cull Beef Cows, L.R. Corah, F. Brazle, J.D. Dawes

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We assigned 110 cull beef cows of mixed breeding to a control group and a group implanted with 36 mg Ralgro. Ralgro implants improved gains 12.8 lbs (11.2%) over a 59-day grazing period.

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Silage Additives, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1980

Silage Additives, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six commercial silage additives were evaluated in five trials with corn, forage sorghum, and alfalfa. In general, each additive improved the silage in at least one of four criteria we used for the comparisons: ensiling temperature, silage dry matter (DM) loss during fermentation, cattle performance, and silage stability in air. The additives lowered ensiling temperatures during the first week by about 5F (range, 2.7 to 9.9F). Additives consistently reduced DM lost during fermentation. Loss from five control silages averaged 10.0% compared with 4.7% from nine silages with additives. No silage additive significantly affected rate of gain or silage intake in …

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Silo-Guard For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1980

Silo-Guard For Forage Sorghum Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two forage sorghum silages (29 to 30% DM) were made October 1 to 3, 1978; one ensiled without additive (control), the other with 1.5 lbs. of Silo-Guard added per ton of fresh crop. Silos were opened after 36 days, and each was full-fed to 15 yearling steers (3 pens of 5 steers) during a 90-day trial (November 9, 1978, to February 7, 1979). Rations contained 84% silage and 16% soybean meal supplement on a DM basis.

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Intake Of Milk And Range Forage By Nursing Calves, A. Peischel, R.R. Schalles, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith Jan 1980

Intake Of Milk And Range Forage By Nursing Calves, A. Peischel, R.R. Schalles, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adequate milk production by the cow to promote fast gain by her calf the first three months is important for heavy weaning weights. Calves consume considerable range forage by three months of age, and milk consumption begins to decrease. As grass begins to mature in September, milk from the dam and range forage eaten by the calf (as a percentage of body weight) decrease to below recommended protein level, so gains decrease. Weaning calves and placing them on a higher nutrition level in late August or early September may be considered when continued fast gains are desired.

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Ensila Plus, Sila-Lator, And Silo-Guard For Alfalfa Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1980

Ensila Plus, Sila-Lator, And Silo-Guard For Alfalfa Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four alfalfa silages (34 to 37% DM) were made May 30 and 31, 1979, as follows: 1) no additive (control), 2) 3 ounces of Ensila Plus per ton, 3) 1.0 lb of Si1a-1ator per ton, and 4) 1.5 1b of Silo-Guard per ton. Silos were opened after 51 days and each was fed to 41 bred, yearling heifers (one pen of 20 and one pen of 21) during a 26-day trial (July 21 to August 16, 1979). All heifers also received 2.0 1bs daily of a grain mix that contained 200 mg of Rumensin for one pen fed each silage …

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Hot Processing--Potential For Application In The Beef Processing Industry Jan 1980

Hot Processing--Potential For Application In The Beef Processing Industry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three studies were conducted to evaluate the economics and quality of hot-processed beef. Study I compared two hot-processing techniques to conventional chilling and processing to determine efficiencies of energy, labor, and other resources. Substantial savings occurring with hot processing techniques include: 32 to 42% less energy need, significantly less cooler space requirement, eliminating the need to shroud carcasses, less labor, and reduced carcass shrinkage resulting in savings of $2.36 to $2.75 per head slaughtered. Study II compared the color and eating qualities of electrically stimulated and hot-processed beef with conventionally processed beef. Electrically stimulated and hot-boned loineye steaks were similar …

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Bioavailability Of Phosphorus In Selected Feedstuffs For Pigs (1980), K Huang, G L. Allee Jan 1980

Bioavailability Of Phosphorus In Selected Feedstuffs For Pigs (1980), K Huang, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 140 crossbred pigs averaging 30.4 lb to determine phosphorus bioavailability with the slope-ratio technique. A standard curve was established by feeding a basal diet 0% inorganic phosphorus and three levels of NaH2P04H20 (.056% P, .112% P, and .168% P). The response curve of test ingredients waS established with basal diet data and feeding three levels of each test ingredient. The test ingredient was incorporated at the expense of dextrose. The relative phosphorus bioavailability values were: 51% for wheat, 23% for milo, 35% for oats, 29% for corn, 36% for soybean meal, 42% for cottonseed meal, 93% for meat …

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Influence Of Fiber Sources On Weaned Pigs' Performance (1980), Robert H. Hines Jan 1980

Influence Of Fiber Sources On Weaned Pigs' Performance (1980), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Yorkshire pigs weaned at 5 to 6 weeks and averaging 25 lb were used to determine effects of diets with increased fiber from ground oats, wheat bran, alfalfa meal, or dried beet pulp on performance and diarrhea. The basal diet (corn-soybean meal fortified) contained 2.2% crude fiber; the diets using more fibrous feeds contained 3.9% fiber. Average daily gains on the basal and fiber diets were similar, as were the pounds of feed per pound of gain. Pigs fed the ground oats and wheat bran diets had slightly better fecal scores than those fed the other diets. None of the …

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Various Methods Of Cooling Sows In Outside Lots (1980), D Ames, S Pollmann, G Francis, David A. Nichols Jan 1980

Various Methods Of Cooling Sows In Outside Lots (1980), D Ames, S Pollmann, G Francis, David A. Nichols

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Intermittent sprinkling in outside individual sow pens reduces the amount of water used to cool the sow without adversely affecting performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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Utilization Of Wheat Bran In Finishing Swine Diets (1980), Robert H. Hines Jan 1980

Utilization Of Wheat Bran In Finishing Swine Diets (1980), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials with finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate wheat bran added to a basal milo-soybean meal diet to provide more crude fiber. Pigs fed added wheat bran (5-10-15-20%) and those fed the basal diet gained similarly, but 40% wheat bran (5.8% crude fiber) signigicant1y reduced rate of gain. Feed per pound of gain was improved approximately 4 to 5% with the addition of 10 or 15% wheat bran; however, cost per pound of gain was the same. Wheat bran usually costing more than milo would not merit its use in swine finishing diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, …

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Limiting Order Of Amino Acid In Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (Alpc) For Growing Pigs (1980), A Hsu, G L. Allee Jan 1980

Limiting Order Of Amino Acid In Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (Alpc) For Growing Pigs (1980), A Hsu, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two crossbred pigs averaging 23.5 lb initially and 12 crossbred barrows averaging 31.5 lb initially were used to study the limiting order of amino acids in ALPC for growing pigs in a feeding trial and a nitrogen balance trial. The basal diet contained 20% ALPC, as the amino acids source, and dextrose, as the energy source. Pigs fed the basal diet supplemented with methionine gained faster (P<.05) and more efficiently than pigs fed the basal diet, indicating that methionine was the first limiting amino acid in ALPC. Adding L- isoleucine (.2%) in the presence of methionine and lysi1e improved daily gain and feed efficiency (P<.05). These results suggest that isoleucine is the second limiting amino acid. Results from the nitrogen balance trial showed that adding .3% DL-methionine increased nitrogen retention (P<.05), confirming the growth trial results that showed methionine to be the first limiting amino acid in ALPC for growing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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Effects Of Form Of Sulfa On Medicated Water Consumption (1980), D Schoneweis, G L. Allee Jan 1980

Effects Of Form Of Sulfa On Medicated Water Consumption (1980), D Schoneweis, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four-week old weaned pigs demonstrated a marked preference in medicated water consumption depending on form of sulfa. Medicated water consumption was greatly reduced when sulfamethazine was used. Sulfadimethoxine was the most readily accepted one evaluated and sulfathazine preferred least.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1980

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Study I: Economic Feasibility Of Hot Processing Beef Carcasses, J. Mccoy, P. Nason, D. Chung, Curtis L. Kastner, A. Lawrence, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1980

Study I: Economic Feasibility Of Hot Processing Beef Carcasses, J. Mccoy, P. Nason, D. Chung, Curtis L. Kastner, A. Lawrence, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nearly all steer and heifer beef carcasses processed in the United, States are chilled before cutting. However, recent meat science research has shown that carcasses can be processed, and quality of meat maintained, with little or no chilling. Processing as defined here involves cutting the carcasses into subprimal pieces, removing bones and excess fat, sealing the pieces in vacuum packages, and placing the packages in palletized boxes. It is already known that substantial economic saving can be obtained from reduced storage and transportation costs of boxed beef, but little work has been done on the economic feasibility of hot processing.

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Ground Beef From Electrically Stimulated And Pre-Rigor Processed Carcasses, Melvin C. Hunt, J.L.A. Kendall, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1980

Ground Beef From Electrically Stimulated And Pre-Rigor Processed Carcasses, Melvin C. Hunt, J.L.A. Kendall, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ground beef from electrically stimulated and/or pre-rigor processed carcasses was equivalent to conventional ground beef in texture, palatability, and frozen storage stability, but lost more juice when vacuum-stored, had 2% more total cooking losses from patties, and 1 day less shelf life during display.

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Two Semen-Thawing Procedures Compared By Competitively Mating Beef Cows, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, J. Brethour Jan 1980

Two Semen-Thawing Procedures Compared By Competitively Mating Beef Cows, Kenneth G. Odde, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, J. Brethour

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-five cows were used to compare the fertilizing abilities of sperm packaged in 0.5-ml straws and thawed in warm water to similarly packaged sperm thawed in the inseminating gun. A system of competitive mating provided for inseminating each cow twice. After cows had estrus synchronized, each was artificially inseminated with one straw of Angus semen plus one straw of Simmental semen; semen in one straw was thawed in warm water, the other in the inseminating gun. Calves produced indicated the fertilizing sperm. Of the 20 cows that conceived at the synchronized estrus, 16 conceived to warm water-thawed semen and 4 …

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Effect Of Early Weaning On Subsequent Reproduction And Calf Production By Replacement Heifers, W.D. Busby, M. Mckee, L.R. Corah Jan 1980

Effect Of Early Weaning On Subsequent Reproduction And Calf Production By Replacement Heifers, W.D. Busby, M. Mckee, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of breeding records for 128 percentage Simmental females either weaned early (average age 63 days) or conventionally (average age 194 days) showed no statistically significant difference between early-weaned and nursed heifer calves for subsequent conception rate, calving date, ease of calving, calf birth weight, or 205-day adjusted calf weaning weight.

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The Effects Of Rumensin, Protein, Energy, And Post-Weaning Illness On Reproductive Performance In Replacement Heifers, L.R. Sprott, G.H. Kiracofe, L.R. Corah, Jack G. Riley Jan 1980

The Effects Of Rumensin, Protein, Energy, And Post-Weaning Illness On Reproductive Performance In Replacement Heifers, L.R. Sprott, G.H. Kiracofe, L.R. Corah, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rumensin increased the number of heifers cycling at 394 days of age and tended to decrease the weight at puberty, with no effect on conception or pregnancy. Rumensin also increased average daily gain, total weight change, and feed efficiency. Protein level had no direct effect on reproductive or heifer performance. Heifers on higher energy rations tended to cycle s09ner and be younger and lighter at puberty. Higher energy rations caused faster daily gain, more total weight change, and better feed efficiency. Post-weaning sickness had no effect on reproductive performance or growth.

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Effect Of Various Levels Of Ralgro On Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Heifers, L. Corah, L.R. Sprott, G. Francis, G. Kiracofe Jan 1980

Effect Of Various Levels Of Ralgro On Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Heifers, L. Corah, L.R. Sprott, G. Francis, G. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Implanting heifers at weaning time with 12, 24, or 36 mg of Ralgro did not affect reproductive performance of the heifers when bred as yearlings.

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Performance And Forage Intake Of Range Cows As Affected By Mineral Supplement And Delaying Winter Supplemental Feed, R.J. Pruitt, H.A. Peischel, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1980

Performance And Forage Intake Of Range Cows As Affected By Mineral Supplement And Delaying Winter Supplemental Feed, R.J. Pruitt, H.A. Peischel, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Polled Hereford cows on native Flint Hills pasture not supplemented until February lost more weight from November to February and were in poorer condition during the winter and early spring than cows supplemented beginning in November. But birth weights, weaning weights, conception percentages, and calving intervals were similar for both groups. Balancing for phosphorus, potassium, and copper deficiencies in the forage did not improve cow or calf performance. Forage intake ranged from 1.70% of fall body weight when dormant winter grass was low in protein and digestibility to 3.45% when spring grass was higher in protein and more digestible. Forage …

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Rumensin And Drylot Vs. Pasture Systems For Early-Weaned Calves, W.D. Busby, L.R. Corah, M. Mckee, G. Fink, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1980

Rumensin And Drylot Vs. Pasture Systems For Early-Weaned Calves, W.D. Busby, L.R. Corah, M. Mckee, G. Fink, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-six Polled Hereford and percentage Simmental calves were used to evaluate Rumensin and drylot vs. pasture systems by average daily gain of early-weaned (54 day old) calves. Rumensin was fed at 10 g/ton of feed for 28 days and 20 g/ton thereafter. The starter and standard creep rations were self-fed to both the drylot and pasture groups. Drylot calves outgained calves on pearl millet pasture 196 lbs to 140 lbs during the 76-day pasture trial. Rumensin decreased fecal samples containing coccidial oocytes and improved total gain 5.5% and feed efficiency 4.8%.

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Grazing Cattle On Alfalfa, D. Hayes, L. Corah, E.E. Bartley Jan 1980

Grazing Cattle On Alfalfa, D. Hayes, L. Corah, E.E. Bartley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data collected from six producers grazing 4050 head of cattle on 850 acres of irrigated alfalfa showed that under optimum conditions, Kansas producers can expect: stocking rate, 5 to 6 head/acre; average daily gain, 2 lbs +; total pounds of beef/acre, 1300 to 1500 lbs; and death loss below 1%. Bloat Guard 2,3 performed the best when added to a grain supplement.

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Summer Annual Silages And Hay For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, D. Axe, W. Thompson Jan 1980

Summer Annual Silages And Hay For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, D. Axe, W. Thompson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sudangrass, pearl millet, sorghum-sudangrass, and forage sorghum silages and sorghum-sudan hay were full-fed to yearling steers in a 90-day trial. Forage sorghum was harvested in the dough stage; the other four forages, in the late-vegetative stage. Steers consumed an average of 12.5% more hay than silage the first 42 days; hay feeding was discontinued then for lack of supply. At 90 days, steers fed forage sorghum silage out-performed those fed the other three silages. Compared with forage sorghum, the other silages had relative feeding values (based on rate and efficiency of gains) of 75% for sudangrass , 62% for pearl …

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Silo-Best For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1980

Silo-Best For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two corn silages (37 to 38% DM) were made September 2 and 3, 1975; one was ensiled without additive (control), the other with Silo-Best added at 1.0 lb. per ton of fresh crop. Silos were opened after 36 days, and each silage was full-fed to 15 yearling steers (3 pens of 5 steers) during an 87-day trial (October 10, 1975, to January 5, 1976). Complete-mixed rations contained 86% silage and 14% soybean meal supplement on a DM basis.

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Silo-Guard For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg Jan 1980

Silo-Guard For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two corn silages (34 to 36% DM) were made August 4 and 5, 1976; one was ensiled without additive (control), the other with Silo-Guard added at 1.5 lbs. per ton of fresh crop. Silos were opened after 68 days, and each silage was full-fed to 15 yearling steers (3 pens of 5 steers) during a 91-day trial (October 12, 1976, to January 11, 1977). Complete-mixed rations contained 84% silage and 16% soybean meal supplement on a DM basis.

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Cold-Flo, Sila-Bac, And Silo-Best For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley Jan 1980

Cold-Flo, Sila-Bac, And Silo-Best For Corn Silage, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four corn silages (41 to 46% DM) were made August 23 to 26, 1978; treatments were: 1) no additive (control), 2) 8.16 lbs of Cold-flo ammonia per ton, 3) 1.0 lb of Sila-bac per ton, and 4) 1.0 lb of Silo-Best per ton. Silos were opened after 139 days and each was full-fed to 15 heifer calves (3 pens of 5 calves) during a 112-day trial (January 12 to May 4, 1979). The complete-mixed rations contained 88% silage and 12% supplement (Table 19.1). Control silage was supplemented with soybean meal for one group of heifers and urea for another group …

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