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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Animal Sciences

2002

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Articles 1 - 30 of 95

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2002

Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used to measure digestibility and ruminal characteristics of steam-flaked corn based diets containing combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and alfalfa hay (AH). Starch intake was lower (P<0.05), but neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (P<0.05) as AH and WCGF increased in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased by AH (linear, P<0.05) and tended (P<0.07) to increase with WCGF. Feeding higher levels of WCGF tended to increase passage rate (P=0.17) and decreased (P<0.05) total tract organic matter digestibility. Flaked corn diets containing at least 25% WCGF may contribute enough roughage to allow reduction of alfalfa hay levels.

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Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 2002

Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study determined the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow after different organic acid treatments in vacuum packaged cooked ground beef subjected to substandard (slow) cooling. Meat samples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens spores (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239), then vacuum-packaged, cooked in a water bath to 167°F internal temperature, and held 20 min. The water bath temperature was then lowered to 130°F, and samples were cooled from 130°F to 45°F over 18 hr. Samples were taken after inoculation, after cooking, and after cooling. In the event of substandard cooling, sodium …

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Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld Jan 2002

Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …

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Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2002

Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine fertility of heifers after estrus synchronization using PGF2αpreceded by either progesterone, GnRH, or both. Beef (n = 193) and dairy (n = 246) heifers were assigned randomly to three treatments: 1) 50 μg of GnRH and a used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert were administered on day −7, followed by 25 mg of PGF2αon day −1, and CIDR removal on day 0 (CIDR + GnRH + PGF); 2) the same as 1) but without the GnRH (CIDR + PGF); and 3) the same as 1) but without the CIDR (GnRH + PGF; modified Select Synch). Rates of …

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Alternative Replacement Heifer Investment Strategies, J. Fanning, T. Marsh, R. Jones Jan 2002

Alternative Replacement Heifer Investment Strategies, J. Fanning, T. Marsh, R. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of beef cow herd inventory management strategies on net income were evaluated in a historical simulation of a representative Kansas beef-cow herd. Constant inventory, counter-cyclical, and dollar-cost averaging strategies were compared to an optimal heifer replacement strategy. Results indicate that price and inventory signals can be used to time replacement heifer acquisition to improve profitability of the average Kansas producer.

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Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 144 growing-finishing pigs (72 barrows and 72 gilts; initially 85 lb) to determine the effects of calcium to total phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio on growth performance. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building with two pigs per pen and nine pens per sex per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets fed in three phases. In each phase, diets consisted of a 1:1; 1.25:1; 1.5:1, and 2:1 Ca:P ratio. Diets were formulated to …

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Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,035 gilts were used in a 28- day trial conducted in a commercial research facility to determine the influence of ractopamine (PayleanTM) dose (4.5 or 9.0 g/ton) and feeding duration (7, 14, 21, or 28 days prior to slaughter) on pig performance and carcass composition. Ractopamine supplementation at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days, and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days, improved (P<0.05) ADG by 26 to 35% (0.35 - 0.46 lb/d) and F/G by 16 to 20% (0.64 to 0.79) during the 28-days prior to slaughter. Due to these improvements in growth, carcass weights increased 8 to 10 pounds over controls. Fat depth and lean percentage improved (linear, P<0.01) with increased feeding duration. Ractopamine dose did not affect carcass lean parameters. However, carcass yield improved (P<005) when ractopamine was fed at 9.0 g/ton. Feed cost per pound of gain increased (P<0.01) with increasing feeding duration for Paylean and was greater (P<0.05) for pigs fed the 9.0 g/ton dose for 28 days as compared to the control. However, feeding ractopamine at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days improved income over feed costs by $3.53 to $ 4.76 per head compared to pigs fed the control diet. Return over feed costs improved due to the increased carcass weights and improved feed efficiency with the greatest values achieved with a 14 to 21 day feeding duration. These data indicate feeding ractopamine at either 4.5 or 9.0 g/ton for 14 to 21 days prior to slaughter is a cost-effective strategy to optimize return while minimizing increases in feed cost per pound of gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heart girth and body weight were measured on 100 growing-finishing pigs (50 to 273 lb) at the KSU Swine Teaching and Research Center. Heart girth, in inches, was measured using a cloth measuring tape. The tape was placed directly behind the front legs and then wrapped around the heart girth and read directly behind the shoulders. Heart girth was strongly correlated (R2=0 .98) with body weight, with the following regression equation: pig weight = 10.1709 × Heart girth - 205.7492. The 95% confidence interval shows the projected weight to be ±10 lb of the actual weight of the pig. To …

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Effect Of L-Carnitine And Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) Supplementation On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Postmortem Ph Decline (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effect Of L-Carnitine And Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) Supplementation On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Postmortem Ph Decline (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated from 126 pigs fed combinations of Paylean and L-carnitine arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial. Dietary L-carnitine (0, 25, or 50 ppm) and Paylean (0 or 9 g/ton) were fed the last 4 weeks prior to slaughter. Feeding Paylean to pigs improved (P<0.01) ADG and F/G. Supplemental Lcarnitine did not affect (P>0.46) ADG, but there was a trend for improved (quadratic, P<0.07) F/G in pigs fed increasing carnitine. A carnitine × Paylean interaction (P<0.05) was observed for dressing percentage and visual firmness, percentage transmission (soluble protein), temperature measured 1.5 h postmortem, and percentage drip loss. Dressing percentage was higher for pigs fed 25 ppm carnitine with no Paylean and lower for pigs fed 25 ppm carnitine with Paylean. Visual firmness scores decreased in pigs fed increasing carnitine and no Paylean but increased when adding carnitine to diets containing Paylean. Soluble protein increased (more soluble protein indicates higher quality muscle) and drip loss decreased when pigs were fed increasing L-carnitine with Paylean. A trend (P<0.07) was observed for pigs fed increasing carnitine to have lower 10th rib and average backfat. Feeding Paylean to pigs increased (P<0.01) percentage lean, L*, and hue angle, and decreased (P<0.02) visual color scores and a*/b* values. Pigs fed Paylean had higher temperature and lower pH measured 3 h postmortem (P<0.01) and tended (P<0.06) to have lower pH measured 6 h postmortem. These results suggest that Paylean improves growth performance when fed to finishing pigs. Carnitine decreased drip loss and improved meat quality when fed to pigs in combination with Paylean.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Effects Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials (n = 5,728 weaned pigs) were conducted to determine the effects of weaning age (12 to 21.5 days) on pig performance in a three-site production system. The second trial also examined the effects of modifying nursery feed budgets according to weaning age. In both studies, wean-to-finish ADG, mortality rate, average pig gain per days postweaning, and pounds sold per pig weaned improved linearly as weaning age increased. The improvements in growth rate and mortality largely occurred in the initial 42- days post-weaning, with some ongoing growth improvement to slaughter. Modifying nursery feed budgets did not affect wean-to-finish growth …

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Association Of Cow And Quarter-Level Factors At A Dry Off And New Intramammary Infections In The Dry Period (2002), R.T. Dingwell, K.E. Leslie, J.M. Sargeant, Y.H. Schukken Jan 2002

Association Of Cow And Quarter-Level Factors At A Dry Off And New Intramammary Infections In The Dry Period (2002), R.T. Dingwell, K.E. Leslie, J.M. Sargeant, Y.H. Schukken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data from 300 cows and 1,178 quarters were analyzed to determine factors associated with new intramammary infections (IMI). Teatends that were cracked and teats that did not close during the dry period were 1.7 and 1.8 times more likely to develop new IMI, respectively. The level of milk production on the last day of lactation significantly influenced new IMI and teat canal closure. More (P<0.05) cows (36%) producing $21 kg of milk developed new IMI than cows (18%) producing less. When milk production was 21 kg or higher, teat canals were 1.8 times more likely to remain open.; Dairy Day, 2002, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2002;

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Comparative Study Of Three Expeller Process Soybean Meals In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (2002), V. Burgos, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley Jan 2002

Comparative Study Of Three Expeller Process Soybean Meals In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (2002), V. Burgos, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight primiparous Holstein cows were used in two simultaneous 3x3 Latin squares with 28-day periods to evaluate expeller soybean meal from three sources. Six pens containing eight cows each were utilized. Cows were pen fed diets formulated in accordance with NRC (2001) recommendations and based on the assumption that the three sources of soybean meal were nutritionally identical. Diets contained on a dry matter basis, 24.3% chopped alfalfa hay, 9.3% field processed corn silage, 9.2% whole fuzzy cottonseed, 19.2% wet corn gluten feed (Minnesota Corn Processors, Inc., Columbus, NE), and 38% grain mix (70.2% dry rolled corn grain, 18.44% expeller …

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Roundup 2002 Jan 2002

Roundup 2002

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the …

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Effect Of Tunnel Ventilation And Evaporative Cooling On The Barn Environment And Cow Comfort In Midwest Dairy Facilities (2002), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2002

Effect Of Tunnel Ventilation And Evaporative Cooling On The Barn Environment And Cow Comfort In Midwest Dairy Facilities (2002), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During the summer of 2001 six tunnel ventilated tie stall barns in northeastern Missouri and southeastern Iowa were evaluated. Three of the barns were equipped with cellulose evaporative pads and three were not. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded continuously for 11 weeks from July 1 to September 15, 2001. Cattle housed in tie stall barns equipped with evaporative cooling had lower average respiration rates (65.7 vs 70.3 breaths/min) than those housed in barns without evaporative cooling. However, rates observed in the morning and at night were not different, only the afternoon rates differed significantly. Average rectal temperatures were also …

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Comparative Value Of Full-Fat Corn Germ, Whole Cottonseed And Tallow As Energy Sources For Lactating Dairy Cows (2002), W.F. Miller, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, R.T. Ethington Jan 2002

Comparative Value Of Full-Fat Corn Germ, Whole Cottonseed And Tallow As Energy Sources For Lactating Dairy Cows (2002), W.F. Miller, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, R.T. Ethington

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 24 multiparous Holstein cows in 4 x 4 Latin square design to evaluate full-fat corn germ as a replacement for whole cottonseed and tallow in total mixed diets for lactating dairy cows. Experimental diets on a dry matter basis were: 1) control 3.5% fat; 2) whole cottonseed 5.1% fat; 3) tallow 5.1% fat; 4) full-fat corn germ 5.1% fat. Diets were fed as total mixed rations typical of that fed on commercial dairy operations. Cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls were included in the control, tallow, and full-fat corn germ diets to balance for fiber and protein fractions equal …

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Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2002

Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 35-day receiving experiments were conducted using 668 highly stressed crossbred beef heifers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing differing sources of dietary lipid. Heifers received diets containing beef tallow, tallow enriched with a microalgae product containing a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), full-fat soybeans, or ground flaxseed. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Feed intake, daily gain, and feed efficiency were poorer (P<0.05) for cattle fed full-fat soybeans than for those fed the other treatments. Feed intake tended to be reduced when micro-algae was top-dressed to the diet, but gain was not negatively impacted. In Trial 2, feed efficiency was improved by the micro-algae. No notable differences among treatments were evident in the percentage of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease, but cattle fed flaxseed tended to respond better to therapeutic treatments, requiring fewer retreatments.

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Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Protein degradation of feather meal treated with hydrogen peroxide was evaluated using the in situ bag technique. Bags containing untreated feather meal or feather meal treated with 1.4, 2.5, 2.7, 5.0, or 7.0% hydrogen peroxide (g/100 g feather meal, as fed basis) at various pH and times of heating (55oC) were suspended in the rumen of a cannulated steer for 12 hours. Protein degradabilities of feather meal treated with 2.5 and 2.7% peroxide were only 12 to 19% greater than untreated feather meal, but feather meal treated with 5% peroxide had protein degradabilities 56 to 67% greater than untreated feather …

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Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2002

Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie range during the winter of 2000-2001 were supplemented before calving either daily or three times weekly. The supplement contained 40% CP with 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the supplemental degradable intake protein from urea. Supplement was fed at 4 lbs/head daily to cows receiving supplement daily. Cows receiving supplement three times weekly were fed the same amount of weekly supplement, but split equally among their supplementation events. After calving, all cows received a supplement without urea on a daily basis. In general, prepartum supplements that contained more urea …

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Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius Jan 2002

Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …

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Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces of artificially inoculated, vacuum-packaged beef salami by steam pasteurization (Stork RMA-Protecon Post-process Pasteurizer). Beef salami was inoculated with L. monocytogenes (initial concentrations of 4.36 log10 CFU/cm2 at the end and 4.49 at the middle), then pasteurized at 185, 194, or 203°F for 2 or 4 min. Only about 0.11 log10 CFU/cm2 (detection limit) L. monocytogenes survived after pasteurization at 203°F for 2 and 4 min, for a "kill rate" of over 99.99%. Post-packaging pasteurization reduces the threat of L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of cooked meat products.

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The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2002

The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effect of varying levels of Dakota Gold-brand dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality characteristics including sensory traits and display color stability. Rib cuts from heifers from a 153-day feeding trial were selected randomly so that each level of DDGS had 10 steaks in a seven-day retail display color study, and 10 steaks that were cooked for evaluation by a trained sensory panel. Color reflectance value L* (lightness) exhibited an interaction (P<0.05) between diet and day, as well as a quadratic effect (P<0.05). Diet had no effect on a* (redness) or b* (yellowness) values, but a* and b* for all treatments decreased with longer display (P<0.05). A trained sensory panel detected small but significant (P<0.05) linear improvements in myofibrillar tenderness and overall tenderness as DDGS increased. The effect on sensory traits or display color stability were too small to warrant the feeding of DDGS to improve these traits.

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A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent Jan 2002

A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of a biological additive and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during exposure to air. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM), and ensiled at a density of 35 lb of fresh matter/ft3. Half of the pre-ensiled forage was treated with a biological additive (A) (Sil-All 4x4, Alltech, Inc.); the other half of the pre-ensiled forage was the untreated control (C). Half of the silos in the A and …

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Microbial Flora Of Commercially Produced Vacuum Packaged, Cooked Beef Roast, R.J. Danler, H. Thippareddi, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Randall K. Phebus, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Microbial Flora Of Commercially Produced Vacuum Packaged, Cooked Beef Roast, R.J. Danler, H. Thippareddi, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Randall K. Phebus, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Commercially produced vacuum packaged, fully cooked, microwaveable beef roasts from four producers were purchased from local retail markets. Salt concentration, pH, water activity (aw), and percent moisture, fat and protein were determined. Samples of both package juice and homogenized beef plus juice were analyzed for the presence of aerobic, anaerobic and lactic acid bacteria and clostridia-type organisms. The cooked beef products had pH values from 5.82 to 6.19, water activity of 0.992 to 0.997, and contained 0.34 to 1.07% salt, 61.89 to 72.39% moisture, 4.29 to 18.21% fat and 15.92 to 20.62% protein. No growth was detected in juice for …

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Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand, T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott Jan 2002

Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand, T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study investigates whether food safety incidents involving beef, pork, and poultry, and the accompanying publicity have impacted United States meat demand. Beef demand is modeled as a function of beef prices, competing meat prices, meat expenditures, and food safety. Food safety indices are constructed separately for beef, pork, and poultry. Statistical tests reveal significant effects of food safety incidents on beef demand. The effect of an additional beef food safety incident on beef demand is negative, implying a detrimental impact on beef consumption. Spillover effects of pork and poultry safety incidents are positive and improve beef demand, revealing substitution …

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Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden Jan 2002

Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-four USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were aged (32°F) until 14 days postmortem and fabricated into longissimus muscle (strip loin) steaks (1-in. thick). Then, steaks were either cooked or stored at −20°F for an additional 17 days before they were thawed and cooked. Cores and sensory panel samples were removed from the medial, center, and lateral sections of each steak and locational identify maintained. In addition, a random composite of cubes from an entire steak was used for a sensory panel evaluation. Previously frozen steaks had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values, less cooking loss, and a shorter cooking …

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Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden Jan 2002

Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We investigated mechanical force measurements on uncooked longissimus muscle as a means to predict Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and trained sensory panel tenderness (SPT) of cooked strip loin steaks. Uncooked steaks from 24 USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were evaluated at 2 and 14 days postmortem using plumb bob and needle probe devices attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Cooked steaks aged 14 days were then evaluated for WBSF and SPT. Regression models to predict SPT from needle probe and plumb bob measurements individually taken at 2 days postmortem had R2 of 0.54 and 0.51, respectively. Combining …

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Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 2002

Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated surface roughening during slicing as a way to decrease iridescence of pre-cooked cured beef bottom round, inside round, and eye of round roasts. Using a textured slicing blade surface decreased iridescence intensity and the area of iridescence compared to the control (smooth surface). Iridescence intensity and percentage of iridescent area was greatest in the eye of round, followed by the inside bottom round. Iridescence (both intensity and percentage of area) in sliced meat products can be reduced by using a meat-slicing blade with a textured face.

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Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate, T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate, T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ultrastructural changes were studied in beef eye of round muscle after 120 hours marination in 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0% calcium phosphate (CaPO) or 2, 4, or 6% calcium chloride or 1% sodium pyrophosphate (CaCl+NaPO) solutions. Increasing the concentration of CaPO caused decreasing myofibril width and increasing myofilament degradation. Increasing the concentration of CaCl+NaPO caused increasing loss of I-band material. Marination of beef eye of round muscle in calcium phosphate or calcium chloride + sodium pyrophosphate solutions caused denaturation of myofibrillar proteins likely due to marinating solution acidity.

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Interactive Effects Between Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) And Dietary L-Carnitine On Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Interactive Effects Between Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) And Dietary L-Carnitine On Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated from 126 pigs fed combinations of Paylean and L-carnitine arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial. Dietary L-carnitine (0, 25, or 50 ppm) was fed from 74 lb until slaughter, and Paylean (0, 4.5, or 9 g/ton) was fed the last 4 weeks prior to slaughter. These results suggest that Paylean, but not L-carnitine, increases ADG and improves F/G. However, L-carnitine enhances meat quality by improving visual color, L* (darker color), b* (less yellow), a*/b*, and Hue angle (more red and less orange) when fed with Paylean. L- carnitine also decreases …

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Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 170 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources on growth performance of pigs fed from d 5 to 26 after weaning. All pigs were fed a common diet from weaning to d 5. The five dietary treatments were cornsoybean meal-based and included a control diet containing 10% dried whey, or the control diet with 5% select menhaden fish meal, 2.5% spray-dried blood cells, 3.73% enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 1), or 3.51% flash-dried wheat gluten (Source 2). No differences were observed in overall ADG and ADFI; however, pigs fed …

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