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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Overexpression Of Sbmyb60 Impacts Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis And Alters Secondary Cell Wall Composition In Sorghum Bicolor, Erin D. Scully, Tammy Gries, Gautam Sarath, Nathan A. Palmer, Lisa Baird, Michelle J. Serapiglia, Bruce S. Dien, Akwasi A. Boateng, Zhengxiang Ge, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Paul Twigg, Thomas E. Clemente, Scott E. Sattler
Overexpression Of Sbmyb60 Impacts Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis And Alters Secondary Cell Wall Composition In Sorghum Bicolor, Erin D. Scully, Tammy Gries, Gautam Sarath, Nathan A. Palmer, Lisa Baird, Michelle J. Serapiglia, Bruce S. Dien, Akwasi A. Boateng, Zhengxiang Ge, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Paul Twigg, Thomas E. Clemente, Scott E. Sattler
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway that generates lignin subunits represents a significant target for altering the abundance and composition of lignin. The global regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism may include MYB transcription factors, whose expression levels have been correlated with changes in secondary cell wall composition and the levels of several other aromatic compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonoids. While transcription factors correlated with downregulation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway have been identified in several grass species, few transcription factors linked to activation of this pathway have been identified in C4 grasses, some of which are being developed as dedicated bioenergy feedstocks. In …
Identification And Characterization Of Four Missense Mutations In Brown Midrib 12 (Bmr12), The Caffeic O-Methyltranferase (Comt) Of Sorghum, Scott E. Sattler, Nathan A. Palmer, Ana Saballos, Ann M. Greene, Zhanguo Xin, Gautam Sarath, Wilfred Vermerris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Identification And Characterization Of Four Missense Mutations In Brown Midrib 12 (Bmr12), The Caffeic O-Methyltranferase (Comt) Of Sorghum, Scott E. Sattler, Nathan A. Palmer, Ana Saballos, Ann M. Greene, Zhanguo Xin, Gautam Sarath, Wilfred Vermerris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Modifying lignin content and composition are targets to improve bioenergy crops for cellulosic conversion to biofuels. In sorghum and other C4 grasses, the brown midrib mutants have been shown to reduce lignin content and alter its composition. Bmr12 encodes the sorghum caffeic O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. From an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population, four bmr12 mutants were isolated. DNA sequencing identified the four missense mutations in the Bmr12 coding region, which changed evolutionarily conserved amino acids Ala71Val, Pro150Leu, Gly225Asp, and Gly325Ser. The previously characterized bmr12 mutants all contain premature stop codons. These newly identified mutants, along …
Brown Midrib2 (Bmr2) Encodes The Major 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Involved In Lignin Biosynthesis In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), Ana Saballos, Scott Sattler, Emiliano Sanchez, Timothy P. Foster, Zhanguo Xin, Chulhee Kang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Wilfred Vermerris
Brown Midrib2 (Bmr2) Encodes The Major 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Involved In Lignin Biosynthesis In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), Ana Saballos, Scott Sattler, Emiliano Sanchez, Timothy P. Foster, Zhanguo Xin, Chulhee Kang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Wilfred Vermerris
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Successful modification of plant cell-wall composition without compromising plant integrity is dependent on being able to modify the expression of specific genes, but this can be very challenging when the target genes are members of multigene families. 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaroyl CoA, a precursor of both flavonoids and monolignols, and is an attractive target for transgenic down-regulation aimed at improving agro-industrial properties. Inconsistent phenotypes of transgenic plants have been attributed to variable levels of down-regulation of multiple 4CL genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the sorghum genome revealed 24 4CL(-like) proteins, five of which cluster with bona fide …
Decomposition Of Bt And Non-Bt Corn Hybrid Residues In The Field, David D. Tarkalson, Stephen D. Kachman, Johannes M. H. Knops, Janice E. Thies, Charles S. Wortmann
Decomposition Of Bt And Non-Bt Corn Hybrid Residues In The Field, David D. Tarkalson, Stephen D. Kachman, Johannes M. H. Knops, Janice E. Thies, Charles S. Wortmann
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Results of a previous laboratory study indicated that six transgenic crops expressing the Cry1Ab insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) decomposed at a slower rate than their respective non-Bt isolines. Consequently, litter decomposition rates, nitrogen cycling, and carbon pools may change in agricultural systems as the result of the widespread use of Bt crops. In this study, we assessed the decomposition rates and chemical composition of commonly grown hybrids of Bt and non-Bt isolines of corn (Zea mays L.) in the field. Leaves, stalks, and cobs from two Bt corn hybrids (Pioneer 34N44 Bt and NC+ 4990 Bt) and their …
Soil Organic Carbon Content And Composition Of 130-Year Crop, Pasture And Forest Land-Use Managements, Dean A. Martens, Thomas E. Reedy, David T. Lewis (Retired)
Soil Organic Carbon Content And Composition Of 130-Year Crop, Pasture And Forest Land-Use Managements, Dean A. Martens, Thomas E. Reedy, David T. Lewis (Retired)
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Conversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long-term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130-year-old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function …
In Vitro And In Vivo Analyses Of Hays Of Switchgrass Strains Selected For High And Low In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, K. P. Vogel, R. Britton, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins
In Vitro And In Vivo Analyses Of Hays Of Switchgrass Strains Selected For High And Low In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, K. P. Vogel, R. Britton, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
In a previous report the progress made in altering the in vitro dry matter digestibility (lVDMD) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in one cycle of divergent selection was described. In this study, the detergent system of analyses was used in an attempt to determine what plant constituents had been altered by the selection for IVDMD. Hays from five switchgrass strains differing in IVDMD harvested over a 3-year period were analyzed for protein content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, and lignin. Although there were differences (p ≤ 0.05) among strains for IVDMD as determined by …
Variability For Quality And Agronomic Traits In Forage Sorghum Hybrids, J. F. Pedersen, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, W. M. Ross
Variability For Quality And Agronomic Traits In Forage Sorghum Hybrids, J. F. Pedersen, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, W. M. Ross
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The variation among 49 F, forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids from a 7 x 7 cross-classified design was explored in 1979 and 1980 for the following traits: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Differences were found among hybrids for all traits. Parental means for males generally had a wider range of variation than for females. The means of hybrids involving the male parent, 'White Collier', were highest in IVDMD, and lowest in NDF, ADF, and ADL. IVDMD was …