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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus Reniformis) Manipulation Of Host Root Gene Expression During Syncytium Formation In Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum), Wei Li
All Theses
Background: The semi-endoparasitic reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is a major yield-limiting pest of multiple crops in the tropics and sub-tropics, including upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Reniform-resistant cotton varieties are urgently needed, but genes that confer resistance to reniform nematode have not been identified in any species. Parasitism by reniform nematode involves significant developmental changes in plant roots, leading to the formation of multicellular feeding structures called syncytia. Here, we present de novo transcriptomes assembled from syncytial and non-syncytial cotton roots on three sampling dates across a 12-day time course. Results: Total mRNA samples extracted from reniform-infected …
Relationship Between Peel Force, Opening Force, And Burst Force For A Semi-Rigid Cup And Lid, Pre- And Post-Retort, Raj Navalakha
Relationship Between Peel Force, Opening Force, And Burst Force For A Semi-Rigid Cup And Lid, Pre- And Post-Retort, Raj Navalakha
All Theses
This research determines if there is any relationship between the peel force, the opening force and the burst force for a semi-rigid cup and lid system, for pre- and post-retort conditions. It also compares the relationship (regression lines) between these forces pre- and post-retort. These seal results were studied by varying the sealing parameters of dwell time and temperature while keeping the pressure constant. Polypropylene cups and a peelable barrier retort lidding were used in this study. As compared to past research, a different peel testing technique was used to measure the peel and the opening force. The entire lid …
Arsenic Targets Neural Plate Border Specifier Cells In P19 Cells, Christopher Mccoy
Arsenic Targets Neural Plate Border Specifier Cells In P19 Cells, Christopher Mccoy
All Theses
Epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure during early embryogenesis can cause reduced weight gain and neurological deficits later on in life. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that arsenic suppresses neurogenesis and myogenesis. The exact mechanism of how arsenic causes these undesired developmental outcomes is poorly understood, however both skeletal muscle and sensory neuron development require the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to initiate the specific differentiation of precursor cells. We were interested in determining the target cell population of arsenic and its metabolites. Arsenic's metabolites were of interest because they have been shown to be more …
Prevalence Of Human Noroviruses In Commercial Retail Food Establishment Without A Recently Reported Outbreak Of Gastroenteritis, Chaoyi Tang
All Theses
Human noroviruses (NoV) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, causing nearly 58% of foodborne disease in the USA. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of NoV on select bathroom surfaces in food establishments in South Carolina (SC). All SC counties (N=46) were sorted by population density into high-, medium-, and low-density categories. Three counties were randomly selected from each population category. Lists of all foodservice establishments in each selected county (N=9) were obtained from the Department of Health and Environmental Control and a total of 120 foodservice establishments were randomly selected. Swabs were collected from …
Hand Hygiene Promotion: An Essential Strategy For Preventing Foodborne Disease In Elementary Schools, Zhangqi Wang
Hand Hygiene Promotion: An Essential Strategy For Preventing Foodborne Disease In Elementary Schools, Zhangqi Wang
All Theses
Student absenteeism is a pervasive problem in the United States, causing a number of educational, economic, and institutional problems. Hand-hygiene interventions have been reported to be a method for reducing illness-associated student absenteeism. As an increasing number of schools offer self-service, including salad bars and bowls of whole fresh fruit, opportunities for the transmission of foodborne pathogens via hands could possibly increase illness-associated student absenteeism. To address this problem, we conducted a two-phase study. First, we conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate peer-reviewed studies (N=24) that reported an association between hand hygiene interventions and illness-associated absenteeism reduction in elementary …
The Effects Of Probiotics Supplementation On Health Using Caenorhabditis Elegans As A Model System, Miranda Klees
The Effects Of Probiotics Supplementation On Health Using Caenorhabditis Elegans As A Model System, Miranda Klees
All Theses
The 'Western Diet,' prominent among developed nations, often refers to a diet rich in meat proteins and refined sugars. Western society may in part be plagued with obesity and obesity related diseases due to a diet enriched with glucose. With an increasing glycemic index observed in Western society, it comes to no surprise that obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and other obesity related diseases are on the rise. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes obesity as an epidemic, affecting more than 35% of U.S. citizens. Shortened lifespan and increased susceptibility to pathogens are associated with these diseases and linked …
Determining The Fate Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli In Dairy Compost During Storage Using The Optimized Detection Method, Hongye Wang
All Theses
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), a member of Enterobacteriaceae family, has been recognized as emerging pathogens. Dairy compost is commonly applied to farmland as a soil amendment. Despite the agricultural benefit of manure-based soil amendment, the inadequately treated compost can contribute to fresh produce contamination on the farm. Moreover, the epidemiological results showed that the non-O157 STEC cases have surpassed those of E. coli O157. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the behavior of non-O157 STEC strains in the dairy manure-based compost. The objectives of this study were to: 1) optimize a culturing method for detecting non-O157 STEC from dairy …
Inhibition Of Vibrio Cholerae Biofilm Formation By Water-Soluble Cranberry Extracts, Daniel Pederson
Inhibition Of Vibrio Cholerae Biofilm Formation By Water-Soluble Cranberry Extracts, Daniel Pederson
All Theses
Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium found in natural aquatic environments, is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease most commonly spread through drinking water. An essential component to this pathogen's success and persistence in the environment is its ability to attach to both biotic and abiotic surfaces via biofilm formation. Biofilms not only aid in surface attachment, but also provide a barrier that protects and enhances survival. Water-soluble extracts from the North American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) were found to dramatically inhibit V. cholerae biofilm formation at a low concentration of 2mg/ml. This inhibition was not due to acidification …
Dietary Behaviors And Nutrition Intervention Preferences Of Breast Cancer Survivors, Sherry A. Stokes
Dietary Behaviors And Nutrition Intervention Preferences Of Breast Cancer Survivors, Sherry A. Stokes
All Theses
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and there are expected to be 1,665,540 new cases diagnosed in 2014. Advancements in early detection, have greatly improved treatment outcomes for the majority of these patients and the 5-year survival rate is 89.2%. The newly emerging field of survivorship care is an attempt to meet the unique needs of this expanding population. Research has demonstrated that an unhealthy body weight is an important modifiable risk factor for the recurrence of breast cancer. This study used an electronic version of the Block 2005 to collect dietary information on 30 breast …
An Almost Ideal Demand System Analysis Of Orange And Grapefruit Beverage Consumption In The United States, Catrice Taylor
An Almost Ideal Demand System Analysis Of Orange And Grapefruit Beverage Consumption In The United States, Catrice Taylor
All Theses
This thesis estimates a demand system for natural fruit juices and flavored citrus drinks. Consumption and price data from the Florida Department of Citrus is used to estimate a Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System for natural fruit and fruit juice drink elasticities. The monthly data covers the period from October 2004 to June 2014. Elasticities show orange juice does not have a substitute among the other beverages. 100% orange juice and grapefruit juice are compliments, although other studies have found them to be substitutes.
Screening St. Augustinegrass For Usda Zone 7, Nathaniel Gambrell
Screening St. Augustinegrass For Usda Zone 7, Nathaniel Gambrell
All Theses
St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] generally has poor cold tolerance yet excellent shade tolerance. As mostly hot summers follow cold winters in USDA Hardiness Zone 7, severely damaging tall fescue [Festuca arundineacea Schreb.] and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.], a St. Augustinegrass cultivar cold tolerant enough to be grown for shady lawns would greatly benefit both home owners and sod growers in USDA Hardiness Zone 7. Eight St. Augustinegrass samples were selected, including industry standards 'Raleigh' and 'Palmetto', for further testing from an established germplasm collection of material collected from lawns grown in USDA Hardiness Zone 7. …
Characterization Of Biofilms On Medical Device Materials With Application To Reusable Surgical Instruments, Amanda Macaluso
Characterization Of Biofilms On Medical Device Materials With Application To Reusable Surgical Instruments, Amanda Macaluso
All Theses
Reusable medical devices or reprocessed single-use devices are original medical devices that have been used once and then are cleaned, sterilized, and remanufactured for the purpose of an additional single use on a single patient [4]. Improperly reprocessed devices are a significant contributor to hospital-associated infections [4]. Challenges that hinder reprocessing are related to the complexity of reusable medical device design, the necessary validation of cleaning protocols required by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the impact of human factors throughout the reprocessing cycle, as well as economic factors within new business models that are centered on reprocessing. Current …
Combining Modified Atmosphere Packaging And Nisin To Extend The Shelf Life Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar), Dong Han
All Theses
Atlantic salmon is often used in laboratory experiments to represent marine fishes. Many researchers try to optimize the levels and dosage of preservatives to maintain the freshness and extend the shelf-life of Atlantic salmon. Little information has been provided about the effectiveness of combined method between MAP and nisin, especially on the preservation of Atlantic salmon. Strong evidences suggest that MAP associated with nisin may have a potential to improve Atlantic salmon storage quality. Preservation effectiveness of combining modified atmosphere package (MAP) and nisin on fresh Atlantic salmon was determined using various methods. Six groups of farmed Atlantic salmon were …
Pilot Study Of A Budget-Tailored Culinary Nutrition Education Program For Undergraduate Food Science Students, Dorothy Kerrison
Pilot Study Of A Budget-Tailored Culinary Nutrition Education Program For Undergraduate Food Science Students, Dorothy Kerrison
All Theses
The primary objective of this pilot study is to provide evidence that a budget-tailored culinary nutrition program is both appropriate and applicable to undergraduate food science students both in everyday life as well as their future health careers. Two validated programs were combined into one program in order to evaluate their combined effects: Cooking With a Chef and Cooking Matters at the Store. The secondary objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the components and reliability of a questionnaire created specifically for this pilot study. A review of past literature was written, which included culinary nutrition as a source …
The Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation On Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Synoviocytes, Allison Millican
The Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation On Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Synoviocytes, Allison Millican
All Theses
Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of lameness in the athletic horse. Cases of equine osteoarthritis typically present with synovitis, or inflammation of the synovium. This inflammation in the synovium leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids. Although these downstream products can be beneficial, overproduction can lead to degradation of cartilage and joint disease. Opportunities to help mitigate or decrease inflammation within the joint are of current interest to the equine industry. One method being investigated is nutritional supplementation. The anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated by CLA supplementation make it a potential prospect for utilization in mitigating joint inflammation. …
Adaptation Of Soil Judging To Northeast China, He Yun
Adaptation Of Soil Judging To Northeast China, He Yun
All Theses
Soil Judging teaches students important skills for field identification of soil types, properties, and interpretations for use. The adaptation of Soil Judging in Northeast China can be beneficial to students as well as government agencies and the private sector. The objective of this study was to adapt Soil Judging to the Northeast region of China by a graduate student from China, who was trained using an undergraduate course in Soil Judging and a regional Soil Judging competition. Unlike the U.S., China has 14 soil orders, with six soil orders somewhat similar to the ones found in the Southeast region of …
Liminal, Nina Kawar
Liminal, Nina Kawar
All Theses
Throughout life everyone experiences both physical and psychological pains and adversities. In time, the body, mind and spirit are capable of healing. It is within this liminal space between infliction and renewal that the self endures an elusive process that is part of the human condition. Within my installation I have constructed a metaphor for the physical and psychological stages of healing through form, materials, color and process. The spatial environment evokes the literal and metaphorical notion of restoration through a visual, olfactory and physical experience. As the viewer navigates the space, it is the fragmentation and suggestion of form …
Post-Hurricane Fuel Dynamics And Forest Regeneration Of Coastal Pine Stands In Southeast United States, Shanyue Guan
Post-Hurricane Fuel Dynamics And Forest Regeneration Of Coastal Pine Stands In Southeast United States, Shanyue Guan
All Theses
Hurricanes have long been powerful and recurring disturbances in many coastal forest ecosystems. Intense hurricanes often produce a large amount of dead fuels within their affected forests, but how post-hurricane fuel complex changes with time, due to decomposition and management such as salvage, and the fire behavior affected by the changed fuel load remains largely unknown. To better understand the fuel and regeneration dynamics, field measurement and modeling were conducted within undamaged stands and hurricane damaged stands, including salvaged and unsalvaged stands in southern pine forests impacted by hurricane Hugo (1989), Opal (1995), Katrina (2005), and Ike (2008). We found …
Antioxidant Effect Of Peach Skin Extracts From 13 Varieties Of South Carolina Grown Peaches, Yueyuan Zhang
Antioxidant Effect Of Peach Skin Extracts From 13 Varieties Of South Carolina Grown Peaches, Yueyuan Zhang
All Theses
South Carolina is the second largest peach producing state in the United States. Every year, large quantities of peaches do not meet the fresh peach standard and are discarded or used for further processing. The waste stream from discarded and processed peaches includes the skin and this could be recovered as a rich source of antioxidants. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant (phenolic) content and antioxidant capacity of peach skin from various peach varieties grown in South Carolina. Chapter 1 is a literature review which covers topics of oxidation in foods, mechanism of lipid oxidation, antioxidants …
Development And Evaluation Of An Enrichment Culture For Reductive Dechlorination Of Tetrachloroethene Under Low Ph Conditions, Rui Xiao
All Theses
Perchloroethene (PCE) is a pollutant of major environmental concern at hazardous waste sites worldwide. PCE and trichloroethene (TCE) are suspected carcinogens and are ranked 16th and 31st, respectively, on the Environmental Protection Agency's priority list for hazardous substances, developed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. As a consequence of the widespread use of chlorinated solvents (including PCE and TCE) for dry cleaning, chemical feedstocks, metal degreasing and other purposes, chloroethenes are widely distributed in the environment. Many soils and groundwater throughout the world are contaminated by chloroethenes. Therefore, further improvements are needed in clean-up methods. Bioaugmentation has …
Evaluation Of 2,4-D And Dicamba Based Herbicide Programs For Weed Control In Tolerant Soybean, Dwayne Joseph
Evaluation Of 2,4-D And Dicamba Based Herbicide Programs For Weed Control In Tolerant Soybean, Dwayne Joseph
All Theses
Weeds are the most limiting factor on soybean yields in South Carolina. With their early emergence and rapid growth, weeds compete with crops for resources. The recent evolution of herbicide resistant weeds has made it increasingly difficult for growers to actively control weeds in fields. Glyphosate and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) biotypes have spread rapidly throughout South Carolina, especially in areas where resistance management isn't practiced. In the near future, soybean varieties will be introduced with tolerance to 2,4-D (Dow AgroSciences) and dicamba (Monsanto Company). Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted at Edisto Research and Education Center …
Cooking Healthy, Eating Smart (Ches): Evaluating The Feasibility Of Using Volunteers To Deliver Nutrition And Food Safety Education To Rural Older Adults, Morgan Getty
All Theses
Due to their limited resources, rural, older adults in the United States are at risk for poor diet-related health outcomes. Nutrition education is a key component in improving health outcomes in older adults. Cooking Healthy, Eating Smart (CHES) is a nine-lesson curriculum designed to teach rural, older adults culturally appropriate nutrition and food safety information. Funding to hire health professionals to deliver such a curriculum is limited, presenting the need to explore a less expensive mode of dissemination. In this community-based, participatory research study, a formative evaluation and feasibility study were conducted to examine the use of volunteers to deliver …
Repair Of The Proboscis Of Brush-Footed Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Suellen Pometto
Repair Of The Proboscis Of Brush-Footed Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Suellen Pometto
All Theses
A key feature of the order Lepidoptera is the coilable proboscis, present in over 99% of lepidopteran species. The proboscis is used to obtain liquid nutrition, usually floral nectar. The proboscis is assembled from two elongate galeae immediately after emergence of the adult from the pupa. What happens if the galeae become separated? I studied the process of repair of the proboscis, behaviorally and functionally, at the organismal level. My research questions were as follows: 1) is the proboscis capable of repair, 2) is saliva necessary to proboscis repair, and 3) is the repaired proboscis able to acquire fluids? Test …
Growth Responses Of Genetically Improved Open Pollenated, Full-Sibling, And Clonal Loblolly Pine To The FlexstandTm Silvicultural System, Patrick Ma
All Theses
ABSTRACT Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is often listed as the most commercially important timber species in the southeastern United States and is subject to genetic improvement via breeding programs to increase sawtimber yield, stem quality, and disease resistance. ArborGen has trademarked the FlexStandTM Silvicultural System (a method of interplanting rows of genetically improved trees with less expensive biomass trees) as a more economical solution to growing Loblolly pine. Two studies were conducted to in order to assess the FlexStandTM Silvicultural System. The first study assessed seedling mortality and growth of four different genetic combinations were assessed in the …
Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uav) For Urban Tree Inventories, Brian Ritter
Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uav) For Urban Tree Inventories, Brian Ritter
All Theses
In contrast to standard aerial imagery, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) utilize recent technological advances to provide an affordable alternative for imagery acquisition. Increased value can be realized through clarity and detail providing higher resolution (2-5 cm) over traditional products. Many natural resource disciplines such as urban forestry will benefit from UAS. Tree inventories for risk assessment, biodiversity, planning, and design can be efficiently achieved with the UAS. Recent advances in photogrammetric processing have proved automated methods for three dimensional rendering of aerial imagery. Point clouds can be generated from images providing additional benefits. Association of spatial locational information within the …
A Comparison Of Saponin And Tween 80 On The Solubility And The Degradation Enhancement Of Fluoranthene And The Influence Of Laccase On Fluoranthene Degradation, Stacia Ballew
All Theses
The ubiquitous contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment require an economical approach as well as effective remediation techniques in the removal of these contaminants. Through the use of more eco-friendly and economically available biosurfactants, such as saponin, there is a possibility they could prove to be more useful surfactants than conventional synthetic surfactants for the solubilization of fluoranthene (FLA). Enhanced solubility would potentially facilitate the increased degradation by S. paucimobilis EPA505. The addition of laccase produced by Pleurotus ostreatus, a white rot fungus that produces enzymes known to facilitate or assist in the degradation of fluoranthene (FLA), …
Is It Culturally Appropriate? Evaluation Efforts For Measuring The Cultural Appropriateness In Nutrition Education Programs Targeting The Hispanic Population, Andrea Aguilar Corrales
Is It Culturally Appropriate? Evaluation Efforts For Measuring The Cultural Appropriateness In Nutrition Education Programs Targeting The Hispanic Population, Andrea Aguilar Corrales
All Theses
Background: In the United States, nearly 70% of the population is overweight. The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey says Hispanics have the second prevalence of obesity, thus, increasing the risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes in the largest minority group in the U.S. (U.S. Census, 2010). This requires effective and culturally appropriate interventions to promote healthy lifestyles. (WHO, 2003). Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and pilot-test a culturally appropriate tool to assure the nutrition information provided to the Hispanic population is appropriate. Design: The research design consisted of a triangulation of methods …
The Effect Of Gender And Status Difference On Saturated Fat Content Of Entree Items Chosen By Elementary School-Aged Students, Annie Anderson
The Effect Of Gender And Status Difference On Saturated Fat Content Of Entree Items Chosen By Elementary School-Aged Students, Annie Anderson
All Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine participants in a National School Lunch Program (NSLP), and the effect of gender and/or participation in the NSLP on selection of high saturated fat content entrée items by the students. Nutrition information provided to parents often does not include a profile of the fats offered in school lunch items. This was true of this study's schools. However, new NSLP guidelines focus upon saturated and trans fat content in school lunches. The total kcal limit is less than 30% total fat, and saturated fat is less than or equal to 10% total kcal, …
Ecohydrological Function Of Lower Coastal Plain Bioretention Cells In South Carolina, Jessica Palazzolo
Ecohydrological Function Of Lower Coastal Plain Bioretention Cells In South Carolina, Jessica Palazzolo
All Theses
Flooding and stormwater control is a critical issue in coastal South Carolina because of shallow water table elevation, topography and rapid urbanization in the region. A best management practice (BMP) using low impact design (LID) principles known as a bioretention cell (BRC) is gaining popularity for stormwater management. Five BRCs in four landscape positions (well-drained uplands, tidal-proximal, poorly-drained-uplands, and floodplain) were instrumented for microclimate, soil moisture, and water table elevation for hydraulic efficiency and for water quality measurements. Three BRCs did not have an overflow outlets, one BRC (floodplain) employed an underdrain system, and one BRC (tidal proximal) had an …
Food, Nutrition, Culinary, And Packaging Science Undergraduate Research, Experiential Learning, And Product Development Focusing On Childhood Nutrition, Alexandra Weeks
Food, Nutrition, Culinary, And Packaging Science Undergraduate Research, Experiential Learning, And Product Development Focusing On Childhood Nutrition, Alexandra Weeks
All Theses
The objective of this research project was to develop a two-semester Applied Interdisciplinary Product Development (AIPD) course for sophomore students in the Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences (FNPS) department that would increase students’ confidence in skills pertaining to product development of food products and childhood nutrition, increase their sense of connection with the department, and would better prepare them to enter industry than students that did not participate in the course. A Subject Knowledge Assessment (SKA) was used to evaluate the mean difference value (MDV) of food science, nutrition, packaging science, and general product development knowledge gained through the AIPD …