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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Identifying Critical Recruitment Bottlenecks Limiting Seedling Establishment In A Degraded Seagrass Ecosystem, J Statton, Lr Montoya, R J. Orth, Kw Dixon, Ga Kendrick
Identifying Critical Recruitment Bottlenecks Limiting Seedling Establishment In A Degraded Seagrass Ecosystem, J Statton, Lr Montoya, R J. Orth, Kw Dixon, Ga Kendrick
VIMS Articles
Identifying early life-stage transitions limiting seagrass recruitment could improve our ability to target demographic processes most responsive to management. Here we determine the magnitude of life-stage transitions along gradients in physical disturbance limiting seedling establishment for the marine angiosperm, Posidonia australis. Transition matrix models and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which transitions were critical for successful seedling establishment during the first year of seed recruitment and projection models were used to predict the most appropriate environments and seeding densities. Total survival probability of seedlings was low (0.001), however, transition probabilities between life-stages differed across the environmental gradients; seedling recruitment …
Bottom-Up Control Of Parasites, David S. Johnson, Richard Heard
Bottom-Up Control Of Parasites, David S. Johnson, Richard Heard
VIMS Articles
Parasitism is a fundamental ecological interaction. Yet we understand relatively little about the ecological role of parasites compared to the role of free-living organisms. Bottom-up theory predicts that resource enhancement will increase the abundance and biomass of free-living organisms. Similarly, parasite abundance and biomass should increase in an ecosystem with resource enhancement. We tested this hypothesis in a landscape-level experiment in which salt marshes (60,000 m2 each) received elevated nutrient concentrations via flooding tidal waters for 11 yr to mimic eutrophication. Nutrient enrichment elevated the densities of the talitrid amphipod, Orchestia grillus, and the density and biomass of its …
Sea Level Rise May Increase Extinction Risk Of A Saltmarsh Ontogenetic Habitat Specialist, David S. Johnson, Bethany L. Williams
Sea Level Rise May Increase Extinction Risk Of A Saltmarsh Ontogenetic Habitat Specialist, David S. Johnson, Bethany L. Williams
VIMS Articles
Specialist species are more vulnerable to environmental change than generalist species. For species with ontogenetic niche shifts, specialization may occur at a particular life stage making those stages more susceptible to environmental change. In the salt marshes in the northeast U.S., accelerated sea level rise is shifting vegetation patterns from flood-intolerant species such as Spartina patens to the flood-tolerant Spartina alterniflora. We tested the potential impact of this change on the coffee bean snail, Melampus bidentatus, a numerically dominant benthic invertebrate with an ontogenetic niche shift. From a survey of eight marshes throughout the northeast U.S., small snails …
Understanding Changes In Seagrass Communities, Sarah Nuss, Celeste Venolia
Understanding Changes In Seagrass Communities, Sarah Nuss, Celeste Venolia
VIMS Articles
Seagrass is an incredibly valuable habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Students will use mock seagrass patches, modeled after a research transect along Goodwin Island, Virginia, to analyze change in seagrass percent cover during, and following, a major die-off event in 2010. Students also analyze water quality graphs from the same time period to help them determine why the die-off may have occurred.
Submersed Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay: Sentinel Species In A Changing World, R J. Orth, William C. Dennison, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Cassie Gurbisz, Michael Hannam, Jennifer Keisman, J. Brooke Landry, Ken Moore, Rebecca R. Murphy, Christopher J. Patrick, Jeremy Testa, Donald E. Weller, David J. Wilcox
Submersed Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay: Sentinel Species In A Changing World, R J. Orth, William C. Dennison, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Cassie Gurbisz, Michael Hannam, Jennifer Keisman, J. Brooke Landry, Ken Moore, Rebecca R. Murphy, Christopher J. Patrick, Jeremy Testa, Donald E. Weller, David J. Wilcox
VIMS Articles
Chesapeake Bay has undergone profound changes since European settlement. Increases in human and livestock populations, associated changes in land use, increases in nutrient loadings, shoreline armoring, and depletion of fish stocks have altered the important habitats within the Bay. Submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) is a critical foundational habitat and provides numerous benefits and services to society. In Chesapeake Bay, SAV species are also indicators of environmental change because of their sensitivity to water quality and shoreline development. As such, SAV has been deeply integrated into regional regulations and annual assessments of management outcomes, restoration efforts, the scientific literature, and popular …
Multifaceted Biodiversity Hotspots Of Marine Mammals For Conservation Priorities, Camille Albouy, Valentine L. Delattre, Bastien Merigot, Christine N. Meynard, Fabien Leprieur
Multifaceted Biodiversity Hotspots Of Marine Mammals For Conservation Priorities, Camille Albouy, Valentine L. Delattre, Bastien Merigot, Christine N. Meynard, Fabien Leprieur
VIMS Articles
Aim: Identifying the multifaceted biodiversity hotspots for marine mammals and their spatial overlap with human threats at the global scale.
Role Of Habitat And Predators In Maintaining Functional Diversity Of Estuarine Bivalves, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Rochell D. Seitz
Role Of Habitat And Predators In Maintaining Functional Diversity Of Estuarine Bivalves, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Rochell D. Seitz
VIMS Articles
Habitat loss is occurring rapidly in coastal systems worldwide. In Chesapeake Bay, USA, most historical oyster reefs have been decimated, and seagrass loss is expected to worsen due to climate warming and nutrient pollution. This loss of habitat may result in declining diversity, but whether diversity loss will equate to loss in ecosystem function is unknown. A bivalve survey was conducted in a variety of habitat types (seagrass, oyster shell, shell hash, coarse sand, detrital mud) in 3 lower Chesapeake Bay sub-estuaries from spring 2012 through summer 2013 to examine the correlation between bivalve densities, habitat type, habitat volume (of …
Climate Change Impacts On Southern Ross Sea Phytoplankton Composition, Productivity, And Export, Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Walker O. Smith Jr., Eileen E. Hofmann, Michael S. Dinniman, John C. P. Hemmings
Climate Change Impacts On Southern Ross Sea Phytoplankton Composition, Productivity, And Export, Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Walker O. Smith Jr., Eileen E. Hofmann, Michael S. Dinniman, John C. P. Hemmings
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea, a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, is expected to experience warming during the next century along with reduced summer sea ice concentrations and shallower mixed layers. This study investigates how these climatic changes may alter phytoplankton assemblage composition, primary productivity, and export. Glider measurements are used to force a one-dimensional biogeochemical model, which includes diatoms and both solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica. Model performance is evaluated with glider observations, and experiments are conducted using projections of physical drivers for mid-21st and late-21st century. These scenarios reveal a 5% increase in primary productivity …
Asynchrony Among Local Communities Stabilises Ecosystem Function Of Metacommunities, Kr Wilcox, At Tredennick, Se Koerner, E Grman, Lm Hallett, David S. Johnson, Et Al.
Asynchrony Among Local Communities Stabilises Ecosystem Function Of Metacommunities, Kr Wilcox, At Tredennick, Se Koerner, E Grman, Lm Hallett, David S. Johnson, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species-level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1-315%); this range was positively correlated with …
Carbon Budget Of A Shallow, Lagoonal Estuary: Transformations And Source-Sink Dynamics Along The River-Estuary-Ocean Continuum, Jr Crosswell, Iris C. Anderson, Jw Stanhope, B Van Dam, Mark Brush, Et Al.
Carbon Budget Of A Shallow, Lagoonal Estuary: Transformations And Source-Sink Dynamics Along The River-Estuary-Ocean Continuum, Jr Crosswell, Iris C. Anderson, Jw Stanhope, B Van Dam, Mark Brush, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
A comprehensive carbon budget was constructed to quantify carbon flows through the freshwater-marine continuum of a temperate, microtidal estuary. We performed coordinated measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and total organic carbon fluxes to resolve spatial variability between and along the channel and shoals and diel variability across the entire estuary for 2 yr. Net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) was the most significant control on carbon flow within estuary regions. However, metabolic rates were spatially coupled such that counteracting fluxes across the channel-shoal gradient or along the river-ocean gradient resulted in system-wide NEM that was closely in balance (-3.0 +/- 3.3 to …
Shelled Pteropods In Peril: Assessing Vulnerability In A High Co2 Ocean, C Manno, N Bednarsek, Ga Tarling, Vl Peck, S Comeau, Patricia S. Thibodeau, Et Al.
Shelled Pteropods In Peril: Assessing Vulnerability In A High Co2 Ocean, C Manno, N Bednarsek, Ga Tarling, Vl Peck, S Comeau, Patricia S. Thibodeau, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems is a vital concern facing marine scientists and managers of ocean resources. Euthecosomatous pteropods (holoplanktonic gastropods) represent an excellent sentinel for indicating exposure to anthropogenic OA because of the sensitivity of their aragonite shells to the OA conditions less favorable for calcification. However, an integration of observations, experiments and modelling efforts is needed to make accurate predictions of how these organisms will respond to future changes to their environment. Our understanding of the underlying organismal biology and life history is far from complete and must be improved if we are …
Lipid Consumption In Coral Larvae Differs Among Sites: A Consideration Of Environmental History In A Global Ocean Change Scenario, Emily B. Rivest, Cs Chen, Ty Fan, Hh Li, Ge Hofmann
Lipid Consumption In Coral Larvae Differs Among Sites: A Consideration Of Environmental History In A Global Ocean Change Scenario, Emily B. Rivest, Cs Chen, Ty Fan, Hh Li, Ge Hofmann
VIMS Articles
The success of early life-history stages is an environmentally sensitive bottleneck for many marine invertebrates. Responses of larvae to environmental stress may vary due to differences in maternal investment of energy stores and acclimatization/adaptation of a population to local environmental conditions. In this study, we compared two populations from sites with different environmental regimes (Moorea and Taiwan). We assessed the responses of Pocillopora damicornis larvae to two future co-occurring environmental stressors: elevated temperature and ocean acidification. Larvae from Taiwan were more sensitive to temperature, producing fewer energy-storage lipids under high temperature. In general, planulae in Moorea and Taiwan responded similarly …
Spatio-Temporal Development Of Vegetation Die-Off In A Submerging Coastal Marsh, L Schepers, Matthew L. Kirwan, G Guntenspergen, S Temmerman
Spatio-Temporal Development Of Vegetation Die-Off In A Submerging Coastal Marsh, L Schepers, Matthew L. Kirwan, G Guntenspergen, S Temmerman
VIMS Articles
In several places around the world, coastal marsh vegetation is converting to open water through the formation of pools. This is concerning, as vegetation die-off is expected to reduce the marshes' capacity to adapt to sea level rise by vegetation-induced sediment accretion. Quantitative analyses of the spatial and temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off are scarce, although these are needed to understand the bio-geomorphic feedback effects of vegetation die-off on flow, erosion, and sedimentation. In this study, we quantified the spatial and temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off with aerial images from 1938 to 2010 in a submerging coastal marsh …
Consumer Versus Resource Control And The Importance Of Habitat Heterogeneity For Estuarine Bivalves, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines
Consumer Versus Resource Control And The Importance Of Habitat Heterogeneity For Estuarine Bivalves, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines
VIMS Articles
The relative influence of consumers (top down) and resources (bottom up) on the distribution and abundance of organisms remains a key question in ecology. We examined the relationships between consumer and resource variables along a productivity gradient for a dominant predator-prey interaction in a marine soft-sediment system. We 1) quantified density and size of the clam Macoma balthica (prey species) in six replicate sites at each of four habitat types (shallow mud, deep mud, muddy sand and detrital mud) in the Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay. We selected one habitat type of high food availability and clam density (shallow mud) and …
Ghost Of Invasion Past: Legacy Effects On Community Disassembly Following Eradication Of An Invasive Ecosystem Engineer, Pl Reynolds, J Glanz, S Yang, C Hann, J Couture, E Grosholz
Ghost Of Invasion Past: Legacy Effects On Community Disassembly Following Eradication Of An Invasive Ecosystem Engineer, Pl Reynolds, J Glanz, S Yang, C Hann, J Couture, E Grosholz
VIMS Articles
By changing ecosystem processes and altering the physical landscape, invasive ecosystem engineers can have substantial impacts on ecosystem functions and human economies and may facilitate other non-native species. Eradication programs in terrestrial and aquatic systems aim to reverse the impacts of invasive species and return the system to its pre-invasion conditions. Despite an extensive focus on the impacts of both native and non-native ecosystem engineers, the consequences of removing invasive ecosystem engineers, particularly in coastal ecosystems, are largely unknown. In this study, we quantified changes in a benthic community following the eradication of the invasive ecosystem engineer, hybrid cordgrass Spartina, …
Mutualism Between Ribbed Mussels And Cordgrass Enhances Salt Marsh Nitrogen Removal, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Robert E. Isdell, Matthew Schliep, Ashley R. Smyth
Mutualism Between Ribbed Mussels And Cordgrass Enhances Salt Marsh Nitrogen Removal, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Robert E. Isdell, Matthew Schliep, Ashley R. Smyth
VIMS Articles
Salt marsh ecosystems have declined globally and are increasingly threatened by erosion, sea level rise, and urban development. These highly productive, physically demanding ecosystems are populated by core species groups that often have strong trophic interactions with implications for ecosystem function and service provision. Positive interactions occur between ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Mussels transfer particulate nitrogen from the water column to the marsh sediments, which stimulates cordgrass growth, and cordgrass provides predator and/or heat stress refuge for mussels. Here, we test mussel facilitation of two functions in salt marshes that relate to N removal: microbial denitrification …
Abundance And Local-Scale Processes Contribute To Multi-Phyla Gradients In Global Marine Diversity, Gj Edgar, Tj Alexander, Js Lefcheck, Ae Bates, Sj Kininmonth, Et Al.
Abundance And Local-Scale Processes Contribute To Multi-Phyla Gradients In Global Marine Diversity, Gj Edgar, Tj Alexander, Js Lefcheck, Ae Bates, Sj Kininmonth, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Among themost enduring ecological challenges is an integrated theory explaining the latitudinal biodiversity gradient, including discrepancies observed at different spatial scales. Analysis of Reef Life Survey data for 4127 marine species at 2406 coral and rocky sites worldwide confirms that the total ecoregion richness peaks in low latitudes, near +15 degrees N and -15 degrees S. However, although richness at survey sites is maximal near the equator for vertebrates, it peaks at high latitudes for large mobile invertebrates. Site richness for different groups is dependent on abundance, which is in turn correlated with temperature for fishes and nutrients for macroinvertebrates. …
Preliminary Estimate Of Contribution Of Arctic Nitrogen Fixation To The Global Nitrogen Budget, Rachel E. Sipler, Donglai Gong, Se Baer, Mp Sanderson, Qn Roberts, M Mulholland, Da Bronk
Preliminary Estimate Of Contribution Of Arctic Nitrogen Fixation To The Global Nitrogen Budget, Rachel E. Sipler, Donglai Gong, Se Baer, Mp Sanderson, Qn Roberts, M Mulholland, Da Bronk
VIMS Articles
Dinitrogen (N-2) fixation is the source of all biologically available nitrogen on earth, and its presence or absence impacts net primary production and global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we report rates of 3.5-17.2 nmol N L-1 d(-1) in the ice-free coastal Alaskan Arctic to show that N-2 fixation in the Arctic Ocean may be an important source of nitrogen to a seasonally nitrogen-limited system. If widespread in surface waters over ice-free shelves throughout the Arctic, N-2 fixation could contribute up to 3.5 Tg N yr(-1) to the Arctic nitrogen budget. At these rates, N-2 fixation occurring in ice-free summer waters would …
Contrasting Photo-Physiological Responses Of The Haptophyte Phaeocystis Antarctica And The Diatom Pseudonitzschia Sp. In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Sasha Tozzi, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Contrasting Photo-Physiological Responses Of The Haptophyte Phaeocystis Antarctica And The Diatom Pseudonitzschia Sp. In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Sasha Tozzi, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
The Antarctic is a unique environment in which substantial variations in irradiance occur over a number of time scales, and as a result phytoplankton need to acclimate and adapt to these changes. We conducted field and laboratory manipulations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica to examine photophysiological differences between Phaeocystis antarctica and Pseudonitzschia sp. a diatom that commonly occurrs in the Ross Sea, since these are the two functional groups that dominate abundance and productivity. Both exhibited reduced quantum yields due to high irradiances. P. antarctica, a haptophyte, displays a distinct photophysiological response to irradiance when compared to diatoms. P. antarctica …
Tropical Dead Zones And Mass Mortalities On Coral Reefs, Ah Altieri, Sb Harrison, J Seemann, R Collin, R. J. Diaz, N Knowlton
Tropical Dead Zones And Mass Mortalities On Coral Reefs, Ah Altieri, Sb Harrison, J Seemann, R Collin, R. J. Diaz, N Knowlton
VIMS Articles
Degradation of coastal water quality in the form of low dissolved oxygen levels (hypoxia) can harm biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human wellbeing. Extreme hypoxic conditions along the coast, leading to what are often referred to as "dead zones," are known primarily from temperate regions. However, little is known about the potential threat of hypoxia in the tropics, even though the known risk factors, including eutrophication and elevated temperatures, are common. Here we document an unprecedented hypoxic event on the Caribbean coast of Panama and assess the risk of dead zones to coral reefs worldwide. The event caused coral bleaching and …
Assessing The Impact Of Local And Regional Influences On Nitrogen Loads To Buzzards Bay, Ma, Shanna C. Williamson, Jennie E. Rheuban, Et Al
Assessing The Impact Of Local And Regional Influences On Nitrogen Loads To Buzzards Bay, Ma, Shanna C. Williamson, Jennie E. Rheuban, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations in estuarine systems often correlate positively with increased nitrogen input. To determine the interactions between nitrogen load, physical drivers, and water quality indicators, we estimated nitrogen inputs to 28 estuaries within the Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (USA) watershed from 1985 to 2013. Estimates were derived by combining parcel specific wastewater disposal, point source wastewater discharge, land use, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition data with a previously verified nitrogen loading model. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify temporal trends in individual data sets and characterize relationships between variables. The land-use data indicated that fractional coverage of impervious surfaces …
Linking The Abundance Of Estuarine Fish And Crustaceans In Nearshore Waters To Shoreline Hardening And Land Cover, Ms Kornis, D Breitburg, R Balouskus, Donna M. Bilkovic, La Davias, Rochelle D. Seitz, Et Al.
Linking The Abundance Of Estuarine Fish And Crustaceans In Nearshore Waters To Shoreline Hardening And Land Cover, Ms Kornis, D Breitburg, R Balouskus, Donna M. Bilkovic, La Davias, Rochelle D. Seitz, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Human alteration of land cover (e.g., urban and agricultural land use) and shoreline hardening (e.g., bulkheading and rip rap revetment) are intensifying due to increasing human populations and sea level rise. Fishes and crustaceans that are ecologically and economically valuable to coastal systems may be affected by these changes, but direct links between these stressors and faunal populations have been elusive at large spatial scales. We examined nearshore abundance patterns of 15 common taxa across gradients of urban and agricultural land cover as well as wetland and hardened shoreline in tributary subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Coastal Bays. …
Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Shallow-Water Benthic Communities In A Depauperate Estuarine System, Cassie D. Lovall, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick
Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Shallow-Water Benthic Communities In A Depauperate Estuarine System, Cassie D. Lovall, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick
VIMS Articles
Modification of natural coastlines is prevalent as human coastal populations swell and effects of global climate change become clearer. We investigated effects of shoreline hardening and environmental factors on benthic infauna and trophic structure in the Patuxent River, Maryland, a stressed mesohaline Chesapeake Bay tributary. We characterized differences in density, diversity, biomass, and trophic structure for large (>3 mm) and small (>500 μm) infauna adjacent to natural marsh, riprap, and bulkhead (i.e., seawall) shores throughout the river. Akaike information criterion model comparisons were used to assess the evidence for differences in benthic infaunal structure using primary (shoreline type) …
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
VIMS Articles
In coastal ecosystems, suspension-feeding bivalves can remove nitrogen though uptake and assimilation or enhanced denitrification. Bivalves may also retain nitrogen through increased mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). This study investigated the effects of oyster reefs and clam aquaculture on denitrification, DNRA, and nutrient fluxes (NOx, NH4 6 +, O2). Core incubations were conducted seasonally on sediments adjacent to restored oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica), clam aquaculture beds (Mercenaria mercenaria) which contained live clams, and bare sediments from Smith Island Bay, Virginia, USA. Denitrification was significantly higher at oyster reef sediments and clam aquaculture site than bare sediment in …
Denitrification Potential Of The Eastern Oyster Microbiome Using A 16s Rrna Gene Based Metabolic Inference Approach, Ann Arfken, Bk Song, Jeff S. Bowman, Michael Piehler
Denitrification Potential Of The Eastern Oyster Microbiome Using A 16s Rrna Gene Based Metabolic Inference Approach, Ann Arfken, Bk Song, Jeff S. Bowman, Michael Piehler
VIMS Articles
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a foundation species providing significant ecosystem services. However, the roles of oyster microbiomes have not been integrated into any of the services, particularly nitrogen removal through denitrification. We investigated the composition and denitrification potential of oyster microbiomes with an approach that combined 16S rRNA gene analysis, metabolic inference, qPCR of the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ), and N-2 flux measurements. Microbiomes of the oyster digestive gland, the oyster shell, and sediments adjacent to the oyster reef were examined based on next generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Denitrification potentials of the microbiomes …
Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus Tau) Boatwhistle Call Detection And Patterns Within A Large-Scale Oyster Restoration Site, Shannon W. Ricci, Delwayne R. Bohnenstiehl, David B. Eggleston, M. Lisa Kellogg, R. Patrick Lyon
Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus Tau) Boatwhistle Call Detection And Patterns Within A Large-Scale Oyster Restoration Site, Shannon W. Ricci, Delwayne R. Bohnenstiehl, David B. Eggleston, M. Lisa Kellogg, R. Patrick Lyon
VIMS Articles
During May 2015, passive acoustic recorders were deployed at eight subtidal oyster reefs within Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland USA. These sites were selected to represent both restored and unrestored habitats having a range of oyster densities. Throughout the survey, the soundscape within Harris Creek was dominated by the boatwhistle calls of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. A novel, multi-kernel spectral correlation approach was developed to automatically detect these boatwhistle calls using their two lowest harmonic bands. The results provided quantitative information on how call rate and call frequency varied in space and time. Toadfish boatwhistle fundamental …
Krillbase: A Circumpolar Database Of Antarctic Krill And Salp Numerical Densities, 1926-2016, Angus Atkinson, Deborah K. Steinberg
Krillbase: A Circumpolar Database Of Antarctic Krill And Salp Numerical Densities, 1926-2016, Angus Atkinson, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and salps are major macroplankton contributors to Southern Ocean food webs and krill are also fished commercially. Managing this fishery sustainably, against a backdrop of rapid regional climate change, requires information on distribution and time trends. Many data on the abundance of both taxa have been obtained from net sampling surveys since 1926, but much of this is stored in national archives, sometimes only in notebooks. In order to make these important data accessible we have collated available abundance data (numerical density, no. m(-2)) of postlarval E. superba and salp individual (multiple species, and whether singly …
Impacts Of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition On Surface Waters Of The Western North Atlantic Mitigated By Multiple Feedbacks, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, D. K. Martins, M. Herrmann, Scott R. Miller, John Wilkin
Impacts Of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition On Surface Waters Of The Western North Atlantic Mitigated By Multiple Feedbacks, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, D. K. Martins, M. Herrmann, Scott R. Miller, John Wilkin
VIMS Articles
The impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition (AND) on the chlorophyll and nitrogen dynamics of surface waters in the western North Atlantic (25 degrees N-45 degrees N, 65 degrees W-80 degrees W) are examined with a biogeochemical ocean model forced with a regional atmospheric chemistry model (Community Multiscale Air Quality, CMAQ). CMAQ simulations with year-specific emissions reveal the existence of a hot spot of AND over the Gulf Stream. The impact of the hot spot on the oceanic biogeochemistry is mitigated in three ways by physical and biogeochemical processes. First, AND significantly contributes to surface oceanic nitrogen concentrations only during the …
The Proposed Dropping Of The Genus Crassostrea For All Pacific Cupped Oysters And Its Replacement By A New Genus Magallana: A Dissenting View, Bl Bayne, M Ahrens, Standish K. Allen Jr., Ma D'Auriac, Et Al
The Proposed Dropping Of The Genus Crassostrea For All Pacific Cupped Oysters And Its Replacement By A New Genus Magallana: A Dissenting View, Bl Bayne, M Ahrens, Standish K. Allen Jr., Ma D'Auriac, Et Al
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Meiotic And Early Zygotic Development In Crassostrea Virginica Observed Through Confocal Microscopy, H Masaru, A Komaru, Joana Teixeira De Sousa, Standish K. Allen Jr.
Meiotic And Early Zygotic Development In Crassostrea Virginica Observed Through Confocal Microscopy, H Masaru, A Komaru, Joana Teixeira De Sousa, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Several studies have examined early development in oysters, but few have reported the normal (expected) behavior of meiosis and early mitosis or of the organization of the spindle by the centrosomes. To establish this baseline, normal development of fertilized eggs in Crassostrea virginica from meiosis until the four-cell stage using confocal microscopy was documented. To visualize the centrosomes and microtubules, eggs were stained with antibodies for gamma- and alpha-tubulin. In addition to establishing normal development, two additional features of early development were documented. First, centrosome behavior was documented. The centrosome associated with the female pronucleus disappeared after polar body formation. …