Life Sciences Commons^™

Characterizing Fines To Predict Their Performance In A Sheet Of Paper, Rodney W. Tibboles

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Many studies have been performed with the purpose of determining the effects of fines on paper properties. However, many of these studies fail to develop characterizations of the fines themselves before relating the presence of these fines to sheet properties. This study first developed complete characterizations of fines and then related the properties of the fines to properties of paper containing these fines.

Bleached kraft, unbleached kraft, and TMP pulps from a southern pine were used in this project. Characterization of the fines included determination of physical features of the fines, size distribution, water retention value (WRV), drainability, and compressibility. …

Non-Chlorine Bleaching Of Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp, Kevin D. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The objective of this project is to apply the soda-anthraquinone pulping process and non-chlorine bleaching sequences in the formation of a pulp with market brightness levels. The bleaching sequences applied in this project will be evaluated from pulp brightness and brightness reversion. The non-chlorine bleaching sequences evaluated include the ODEP, ODED, and OPEP.

An Analysis Of Chemithermomechanical Pulp (Ctmp) In The Production Of Rotogravure Paper, Christine L. Harrington

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Current trends in the printing industry are shifting towards rotogravure printing processes. Today, rotogravure printing is responsible for 20% of the printing industry and is growing rapidly. The printing industry is moving towards rotogravure processes for high print quality for long run jobs.

The most commonly found examples of the rotogravure printing process are: "cheaper" catalogues, periodicals, tabloids, directories, newspaper inserts and the "Sunday supplement." Some of America's most popular magazines, for example, Reader's Digest, TV Guide, Better Homes and Gardens, Women's Day and many others are printed using rotogravure processes (1).

As the main supplier to the printing …

Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Of Ctmp To Optimize Brightness, Donald S. Kasik

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing bleaching agent that is utilized extensively in the pulp and paper industries to bleach cellulosic fibers to high brightness levels. The main advantage of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps is the high yield. Peroxide used under mild alkaline conditions can significantly increase brightness 10-20 points by oxidizing lignin constituents without actual lignin degradation. Due to peroxides' inherent quality of lignin preservation, it is an excellent bleach for application to CTMP. This allows a high yield process like BCTMP to compete with kraft pulp in application to many grades of paper.

Peroxide is an expensive …

Kinematic Considerations Of Elite Alpine Slalom Ski Racers, David Andrew Goodwin

Masters Theses

This study described specific kinematic parameters associated with success on the international level in alpine slalom ski racing. Sixteen male athletes representing twelve countries comprised the subject pool. Subject selection was based on finish position in the men's special slalom at the 1989 World Alpine Ski Championships in Vail, Colorado. Cinematographical records were analyzed by a method known as direct linear transformation.

The findings of the study indicated that: (a) hip and knee joint angles of the turning leg must approximate 1.80 to 1.83 radians and 1.82 to 2.21 radians, respectively, for efficiency in this turn; (b) a decrease in …

Highway Deicing Salts And The Mobilization Of Selected Heavy Metals From Stream Sediments, Harlie David Cole

Dissertations

This study was undertaken to: (a) determine the effect of sodium chloride concentration on mobilizing cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc from stream sediments; (b) determine if chloro-metal complexes may play a role in any such mobilization; and (c) determine the correlations between chloride ion and each of these metals in an urban stream during winter road-salting periods.

The drainage basin of the Red Run, an urban stream draining all or parts of several cities north of Detroit, Michigan, was chosen as a study site. Stream sediments containing the five heavy metals were stirred with sodium chloride or sodium nitrate …

Improved Useage Of Recycled Board In Corrugating Medium, Ramon J. Altobelli

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Research was conducted to determine the optimum furnish of corrugating medium with the intentions of increasing the amount of recycled fiber in this furnish.

Furnishes were made up of various ratios of a recycled fiber source to a virgin fiber source, along with three different levels of refining. A starch additive was also used on a second set of these groups to help increase some of the properties by increasing the interfiber bonding.

The results indicated that increased recycled fiber produced the sheet with the optimum conditions. Also, with an addition of starch as a dry strength additive, the results …

The Effect Of Fines And Filler In Forward Centricleaners On Contaminant Removal Efficiency, Alan R. Kaczanowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this study, the effect of fines and filler content on a forward centricleaner's contaminant removal efficiency is evaluated. The paper industry has assumed that centricleaner contaminant removal efficiency is not influenced by the presence of clay or fines. However, it has never been documented. Thus, at the paper machine, centricleaners operate at the same efficiency at 1.0% consistency with 15 or 30% clay. The same assumption has also been made with fines content in the white water loop, which can vary from day to day depending on what specific grade is being made. This thesis has concentrated on whether …

The Effects Of A Formation Shower And Serrated Slice On A Pilot Plant Papermachine, Jeffrey M. Cady

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a formation shower and serrated slice on formation, with comparison of an existing fourdrinier shake, at normal operating headbox consistencies and higher than normal consistencies. By replacing the shake with one of the other methods, metal fatigue could be stopped at the pivot point of the oscillating fourdrinier. The high consistency was used to determine if one of these alternative devices would eliminate flocculation tendencies and allow the reduction of water removal demand.

The papermachine used in this study was a pilot plant machine running at 60 FPM and …

Drainage Dynamics In A Linerboard Furnish, Craig D. Iman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Predicting the performance of drainage aids in a linerboard furnish is a difficult task. Existing tests such as the Canadian Standard Freeness test, Schopper-Riegler, and drainage tube are not adequate tests. These tests only simulate one-half of the paper machine. Unfortunately the section they model is of minor importance in linerboard.

The findings of this project suggest that linerboard is more dependent upon the vacuum induced drainage zone than it is on the free drainage zone. The vacuum zone is dependent upon the formation of the sheet. Therefore, if the formation of the sheet is improved the couch solids will …

The Economic Optimization Of Baffles To Disperse Tio2 In Open Impeller Agitators, Steve C. Ratliff

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project began with an observation of a coating make-down tank at a nearby paper mill. The make down tank, a cowles dissolver, was being used to disperse and mix pigment and other common coating ingredients. Because the tank was unbaffled, the circulating suspension climbed the walls of the vessel, and could only be half filled to prevent overflowing.

There is a view held by some people that good dispersion cannot be obtained when baffles are used in these tanks. This paper mill obviously held this view.

The basic motivation for this thesis was the fact that the paper industry …

A Study Of Bleach Effluents From Oxidative Extraction, Thomas R. Slusarczyk

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

During the 1970's oxygen delignification was primarily undertaken before the bleaching stages in a pulp mill. However, towards the end of the 1970's further research was done to promote the use of oxygen as a decoloring agent within the bleaching stages. This was warranted because oxygen delignification was known to promote decreased chemical consumption, mainly chlorine. The process that was developed came to be known as oxidative extraction. This process has become very popular due to the fact that it is easier to install and operate than the conventional oxygen delignification system. Some other advantages that this process offers are …

An Ester Chemirefinermechanical Pulping Feasibility Study, Glenda Lea Sneden

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Conventional pulping processes (kraft and sulfite) utilize sulfur compounds which pose pollution problems for the environment. This environmental issue has served as a driving force in the development of a feasible sulfur-free pulping process which can deliver pulp of equal (or better) quality as compared to pulps from conventional pulping processes.

An answer to this problem has been searched for in the area of solvent pulping. A recent and promising extension of solvent pulping technology is the ester pulping process.

The Role Of Degree Of Substitution Of Cationic Starch On Optimizing Retention, Christopher C. Gross

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of my work was to show experimentally with the use of statistics whether it is more beneficial to optimize the degree of substitution of a cationic starch rather than the addition rate to maximize retention.

Fines retention as measured using the Dynamic Retention/Drainage Jar (Britt Jar), served as the method of experimental evaluation. Three starches were studied ranging in degree of substitution from 0.014 to 0.0833 at a constant molecular weight. Calcium carbonate was used as the filler fraction because it can be quantitatively analyzed via an EDTA titration. Starch furnish used was four, eight, and twelve pounds …

Pathophysiology Of Hemorrhagic Shock And The Protective Effects Of Antioxidants, Annette Elizabeth Fleckenstein

Masters Theses

Considerable attention has focused on the role of free radicals in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. In this study, four pharmacological mechanisms for antagonizing free radical generation or reactions were compared in terms of their efficacy in attenuating post-hemorrhage (post-reinfusion) cardiovascular collapse. These included blocking arachidonic acid oxidation by cyclooxygenase (eg; ibuprofen), inhibiting superoxide radical production by xanthine oxidase (eg; oxypurinol), chelating iron (eg; desferal), and inhibiting lipid peroxidation (eg; U74006F and U78517G, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan).

Cardiovascular function, cerebral blood flow, arterial blood gases, serum glucose, and plasma vitamin E were examined in a hemorrhage/reperfusion model using urethane-anesthetized rats. …