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- 1982) cannot help but be extremely upsetting to any person who wants to see the particularly sadistic and useless experiments involving sentient beings recognized as such. I am referring to Fox's reference to Overmeier's "learned helplessness" experiments involving intense unavoidable electrical shock administered to dogs. Through reference to these kinds of experiments (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 85
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Letter To Editor: Animal Suffering: Ethical Dimensions, Judith E. Hampson
Letter To Editor: Animal Suffering: Ethical Dimensions, Judith E. Hampson
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The author comments that the report (in IJSAP 3(3):254) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) meeting has a misleading description of her exchange with Professor Dollery. The relevant text in the BAAS proceedings of the meeting is quoted.
Letter To Editor: Firm Support For Culture Training, H. C. Rowsell
Letter To Editor: Firm Support For Culture Training, H. C. Rowsell
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Dr. Rowsell corrects a report in the Journal (IJSAP 3(3): 185) regarding official funding support for a tissue culture training course offered by Professor Sergey Federoff at the University of Saskatchewan.
Abundance And Distribution Of Large Mammals In The Upper Ogun Game Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria, T. A. Afolayan, K. R. N. Milligan, S. O. Salami
Abundance And Distribution Of Large Mammals In The Upper Ogun Game Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria, T. A. Afolayan, K. R. N. Milligan, S. O. Salami
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Three different methods for estimating wild animal populations were used to assess the density of different species in a game reserve in the Sahel region of Nigeria. Hunting for bushmeat by local communities living around the reserve was identified as one of the threats to wildlife populations. Bushmeat was an essential resource for communities around the reserve.
The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox
The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Ethostasis – the effect of constraining husbandry practices on animal behavior – is described and discussed. The review describes specific husbandry practices that may give rise to behavioral anomalies and how these anomalous behaviors may be of diagnostic value. Ready identification may facilitate correcting problems leading to lower productivity, diseases, and economic losses.
Vivisection And Misanthropy, George P. Cave
Vivisection And Misanthropy, George P. Cave
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The author comments on several articles in the media that imply or state that antivivisectionists are misanthropes who like animals more than people. The author notes that one commentator mistakenly claims that Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation, equates animals and people. Singer does not claim that animals and people should be treated identically. Instead, Singer argues that animals and people are entitled to equal consideration of their interests. Different treatments will be justified if there are relevant differences between animals and people.
Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana Murphy
Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana Murphy
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Murphy examines messages promoting the benefits of high-protein dog foods and then discusses the health effects of too much protein in a dog’s diet.
Psychological Aspects Of Slaughter: Reactions Of College Students To Killing And Butchering Cattle And Hogs, Harold A. Herzog, Sandy Mcgee
Psychological Aspects Of Slaughter: Reactions Of College Students To Killing And Butchering Cattle And Hogs, Harold A. Herzog, Sandy Mcgee
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
This study examined college students' reactions to slaughtering cattle and hogs as part of their jobs on a college work crew. The 27 students were surveyed on attitudes containing items toward slaughtering animals and toward different uses of animals. Nineteen were later interviewed. Some aspects of slaughtering were reported to be more bothersome than others. There was a relationship between the subjects' experience in slaughtering, general attitudes toward various uses of animals, and their responses to several of the items on the questionnaire. The perceived benefits of the slaughtering experience and the justification for killing domestic animals for food are …
The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington
The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The behavior of twelve calves confined in crates was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 12-hour periods. These recordings were made at fortnightly intervals from approximately 2 to 16 weeks of age. In all, 864 hours of observations were recorded. The activities performed and the amount of time spent doing each are outlined. Circadian rhythms were mainly controlled by feeding time, although there was a difference between diurnal and nocturnal behavior. Individual calves varied in how they adapted to the restricted environment. Individual personality profiles and data on the ontogeny of behavior under these conditions are presented. At ten weeks of …
Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth
Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists. The survey focuses on pharmacologists and toxicologists, their use of laboratory animals, and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for developing and evaluating pharmaceutical substances. Most surveyed felt the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of non-sentient material in safety tests.
The Agricide Treadmill And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox
The Agricide Treadmill And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The author cites publications that argue that agriculture in the United States is on a treadmill where farmers continually compete to reduce their food production costs. The consequence has been a reduction in farm animal welfare.
The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt
The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Scientists working with laboratory animals in Britain are made aware forcibly that a severe ethical dilemma surrounds using animals in experiments. Certain vociferous sections of the community press the issue on the general public's attention, and media sources tend to propagate views expressed by the most extreme parties while neglecting coverage of mature, rational opinions. It is, perhaps, no bad thing for the scientific community to be frequently reminded to take a responsible attitude to the use of animals. Still, recent overt, even illegal, activity on the part of extremist animal protectionist groups has encouraged a regrettable polarization of viewpoints, …
Prostaglandin F2a Induced Nest Building Behavior In The Non-Pregnant Sow, And Some Welfare Considerations, Judith K. Blackshaw
Prostaglandin F2a Induced Nest Building Behavior In The Non-Pregnant Sow, And Some Welfare Considerations, Judith K. Blackshaw
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Nest-building behavior, induced with intramuscular injections of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), was studied in non-pregnant sows. Acute effects were also recorded, including salivation, scratching, vomiting, defecation, and ataxia. Sows (Large White x Landrace) were housed in two different environments; six in bare pens and six in pens provided with bedding material. All cases except one (bare pen) nest-building sequences of differing intensities were recorded. Welfare suggestions include questioning the justification of using a drug (PGF2a) in pig husbandry, which has unpleasant acute effects, and the suggestion that the provision of bedding material is not necessary for a nest-building sequence to occur.
Book Reviews
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Fox reviews two books. The first is a collection of papers from the First Conference on Scientific Perspectives in Animal Welfare organized by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. The second book is All that Dwell Therein. Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics by Tom Regan.
Review Of Literature On Use Of T-61 As An Euthanasic Agent, Laaura Dalia Barocio
Review Of Literature On Use Of T-61 As An Euthanasic Agent, Laaura Dalia Barocio
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The available evidence indicates many questions about T-61 as a satisfactory euthanasia agent. The only controlled study of animal E EG's after T-61 administration showed that this compound could produce rapid unconsciousness. However, the drug was administered via an indwelling catheter which is not generally used in shelters euthanizing 10,000 to 20,000 animals a year. Furthermore, the investigator compared the T-61 results against the results obtained with a weak and marginally lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital.
The North American Black Duck (Anas Rubriges): A Case Study Of 28 Years Of Failure In American Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy
The North American Black Duck (Anas Rubriges): A Case Study Of 28 Years Of Failure In American Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
A scientific and technical analysis is presented of the factors that may have been responsible for an estimated 60% decline in the black duck (Anas rubripes) population since 1955. The analyses presented show that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS], the management agency responsible for waterfowl management in the United States, has recognized the population decline, that the FWS's own experts have consistently recognized that hunting is the most likely cause of the population decline and that hunting is the only mortality factor which wildlife managers can control in the practical sense. Using FWS information, the author …
Letter To Editor: Reply To "In Defense Of Pound Dogs In Teaching And Research", A. F. Fraser
Letter To Editor: Reply To "In Defense Of Pound Dogs In Teaching And Research", A. F. Fraser
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The use of dogs from civic pounds in medical research and teaching is the subject of concern in animal welfare circles today. This matter was the subject of a four-page comment in a recent issue of your journal (Volume 2 (5):241-244, 1981). The title of that item was provocatively given as "Sewer Science and Pound Seizure" by author Kenneth P. Stoller. It should be noted that the use of dogs in biomedical institutions greatly relates to the instruction of medical and veterinary students. Also, millions of dogs are currently being euthanized annually in shelters across the continent. Their use, "before …
The Ld50-The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan
The Ld50-The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
It has long been recognized that the LD50 measure (usually conducted using rats or mice) provides only a rough estimate of the acute toxicity of a chemical in humans. The Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry and the UK Chemical Industries Association have spoken out against the production of precise estimates of LD50 in rodents. However, the UK Home Office Report on the LD50 recommended that the LD50 should be allowed to continue. But scientific support for the test, as exemplified by recent papers in academic journals, has eroded significantly in the last few years.
A Different Approach To Horse Handling, Based On The Jeffery Method, Judith K. Blackshaw, Des Kirk, Sharib E. Cregier
A Different Approach To Horse Handling, Based On The Jeffery Method, Judith K. Blackshaw, Des Kirk, Sharib E. Cregier
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
A method of horse training is discussed, which is based on an old technique known in Australia as the "Jeffery method." It uses several behavioral principles, including understanding horse behavior, reinforcement for desired behavior, and flight distance principles.
Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi
Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adopting alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside the biomedical community. This paper aimed to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Chemical safety testing is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporating alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to the limitations of alternatives in use currently, there is still a considerable need for …
Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd
Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The intentional introduction of exotic animals can generally be expected to yield unanticipated biological consequences. Single-purpose introductions frequently result in ecological catastrophe. Islands are particularly vulnerable to such assault. Arctic foxes [Alopex lagopus), released for fur farming on the Aleutian Islands, formerly devoid of land predators, have significantly altered nesting avifaunal diversity, abundance, and productivity. A program for restoring the historical distribution and abundance of critically affected bird species is described. In a long-term study, biological control methods are proposed to test the hypothesis that introduced sterile red foxes [Vulpes fulva), apparently, a competitively superior species, will markedly …
Ethologic And Economic Examination Of Aviary Housing For Commercial Laying Flocks, D. W. Folsch, Chr. Dolf, T. Bleuler, H. Ehrbar
Ethologic And Economic Examination Of Aviary Housing For Commercial Laying Flocks, D. W. Folsch, Chr. Dolf, T. Bleuler, H. Ehrbar
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The authors report that the results of their research indicate that appropriate housing is necessary for intensively kept hens and that the housing has to correspond to the vital needs and natures of the animals.
Letter To Editor: Turtle Excluder Device, James Sternberg
Letter To Editor: Turtle Excluder Device, James Sternberg
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The author comments on a previous article describing devices (excluder devices) that protect sea turtles during shrimping operations and corrects a few errors.
Laboratory Animals: Unification Of Legislation In Europe, H. Rozemond
Laboratory Animals: Unification Of Legislation In Europe, H. Rozemond
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
A committee of experts, Comite Ad Hoc pour Ia Protection des Animaux (CAHPA), has been convened by the Council of Europe to prepare a European convention on the protection of laboratory animals. The chief goal of the Council of Europe is to implement peaceful cooperation concerning cultural, economic, and social affairs in Europe. Matters of military concern are excluded. The countries represented on the Council include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greece, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Turkey, Sweden, and Switzerland. The Council holds conventions on various topics …
A Message From Pano, William G. Conway
A Message From Pano, William G. Conway
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
William Conway, the CEO of the Wildlife Conservation Society, was an innovative Zoo Director who, at times, presented his ideas in unusual ways. The Conway article reprinted in this issue of IJSAP is in the form of a memorandum from a field agent of the chimpanzee species to the “Most High Primate” resigning from his position. In Conway’s description, the memo was found in an unstamped envelope with no return address on the grounds of the Bronx Zoo. The memorandum appeared to have been written by a chimpanzee on assignment from a clandestine organization in Africa that sent undercover chimpanzees …
Experiences In The Protection Of The Large Predators In Finland, Erkki Pulliainen
Experiences In The Protection Of The Large Predators In Finland, Erkki Pulliainen
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
During the nineteenth century, the large predators of Finland- wolf, bear, lynx, and wolverine- were exterminated in the southern and western regions of the country. There were almost no lynx by late 1950. However, a protection order issued in 1968 resulted in a steady increase in their number, to about 300 by 1980. A breeding wolverine population existed until the late 1960s. In the 1970s, most were killed by snowmobiles. It is now thought only 10-30 inhabit the frontiers between Finland and the USSR and Finland and Norway. Bears, in the 1970s, tended to immigrate to Finland from the east; …
Letter To Editor: Hsus Counters On Veal Study, John Hoyt
Letter To Editor: Hsus Counters On Veal Study, John Hoyt
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Concerning the letter on the Livestock Conservation Institute's reaction to the HSUS veal campaign, I wish to clarify one point. The letter suggests that HSUS was unaware of Provimi, Inc.'s announced intention to undertake a study of the Quantock group-pen production system for milk-fed veal. This suggestion is not the case. We were informed of Provimi's important role in facilitating the evaluation of the group-pen system under U.S. conditions. That this company has begun such testing is a welcome sign and one we acknowledge in our campaign materials.
Letter To Editor: Producers Respond To Hsus Veal Campaign, Neal Black
Letter To Editor: Producers Respond To Hsus Veal Campaign, Neal Black
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
An advertising campaign by The Humane Society of the United States against veal consumption is a slap in the face of the livestock industry, which has attempted to explore the concerns of animal welfarists about confinement production of livestock and respond to them.
Meetings & Announcements
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The first international meeting on the Human/Companion Animal Bond was held at the University of Pennsylvania during October 5-7, 1981. The meeting brought together persons concerned about animal welfare and a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals. Two symposia were held in Europe in late 1981 (The Netherlands and Sweden) on the LD50 test. In October 1981, a symposium was organized in Switzerland on using animals in research and testing. At the end of 1981, the National Society for Medical Research organized an “adjunct” methods seminar. Finally, the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare organized a conference on the regulation of animal …
Is There Really A Market For Milk-Fed Veal?, Dana H. Murphy
Is There Really A Market For Milk-Fed Veal?, Dana H. Murphy
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
In a two-part "Focus" article in this issue, we relate, first, the origins and subsequent growth of the milk-fed veal industry in Europe and in the U.S. and, second, some recent research findings on several current and potential production systems for raising veal, in light of both economic and humane considerations. At the moment, it seems as if the group-pen system, a far more humane method than the confinement crate, has won the day in the U.K. and may become a major production system in the U.S. But one critical question remains: How many people really want milk-fed veal?
Veal Re-Vealed: The Veal Industry, Peter C. Lovenheim
Veal Re-Vealed: The Veal Industry, Peter C. Lovenheim
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Veal is meat that comes from the male offspring of dairy cows. These animals are not grown to maturity for beef because dairy breeds have been developed primarily for their milk-producing capability and not for the quality of their meat. Therefore, these animals are slaughtered as calves and marketed as "veal."