Life Sciences Commons^™

Income Adjustments From Fee And Permit Changes On Utah Cattle Ranches Using Public Ranges Yearlong, C. Kerry Gee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Within the boundaries of Utah are approximately 52.7 million acres of land. About 41 million acres are rangeland, of which 73 percent is federally owned and 5 percent state owned (6).¹ The portion owned by the Federal government is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Forest Service. Most of this land is either arid or mountainous and has been used mainly for grazing in the past. IT has other uses, however, such as mining, forestry, recreation, and watersheds. Due to recent increases in population, personal income, shorter work weeks, and improved transportation facilities, these alternatives …

The Effect Of Range Condition Upon The Production, Nutritive Intake And Digestibility Of Desert Range Forage In Southwestern Utah, J. Kent Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The 65 million acres of winter range in the Intermountain region furnish forage for about five million sheep and four million cattle each winter for approximately six months. These arid ranges are well suited for winter grazing, and are of paramount importance to the livestock industry. Many of these ranges were fully stocked by 1900 and as livestock continued to increase, many winter ranges were seriously over-grazed (Hutchings and Stewart, 1953). Today many of these ranges remain in a deteriorated condition. Forage production has decreased and desirable plants have been replaced by less desirable species.

Little is known about the …

Ecology Of Spring Fed Salt-Marshes, Eric George Bolen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Any marsh is a distinctive land-form of varied interest. To the agriculturist it is wasteland to be reclaimed; to the naturalist, a habitat of aesthetic value. To the ecologist, however, a marsh represents a complexity of vegetation under the influences of many and often inseparable factors. It becomes a place of challenging study.

A Study Of A Bacterial Cause Of The Late Gas Defect In Cheddar Cheese, Rulon A. Chappell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

More of the manufacturing milk purchased from Utah's dairy farms is used for the production of cheese than for any other product. Approximately eleven and one-half million pounds of cheese were produced in Utah in 1959, of which more than half was cheddar. Many problems are encountered in the production of A-grade cheddar cheese. One of the most important causes of the reduction in grade is the late gas defect which accounts for about 50 percent of the cheese grading below A-grade. To increase the percentage of A-grade cheddar cheese in Utah, the late gas problem should be solved. The …

Post-Harvest Storage Studies With Selected Fruits, Amrik Singh Dhaliwal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It has been estimated that one-fourth of the fresh fruits harvested are never consumed because of spoilage. This spoilage amounts to many thousands of tons of fruits which are valued annually at several million dollars. Several factors are responsible for the post-harvest spoilage of fruits, namely, pathological, physiological, and mechanical.

Men in the past have used various methods to control pathological spoilage of foods. The recent development of nuclear radiation, antibiotics, fungicides, and packaging films provides new methods for prolonging the shelf-life of many fruits. These may prove important in countries like India where refrigeration facilities are not readily available …

The Effect Of Feeding Fluoride On Some Enzymes Of Bovine Tissues, Prasertsri Sitachitt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fluorides are usually found in nature as constituents of soils, water, and the tissues of animals. Fluorite or fluorspar (CaF₂), cryolite (Na₃AlF₆), apatite (3 Ca₃ (PO₄)₂ CaF₂) and sedimentary phosphate rocks are among the principle minerals containing fluorides found in nature. Traces of fluorides also occur in domestic water supplies in nature and also by induction in vegetation and animal feeds. From 0.5 ppm to 1.5 ppm of fluorides in drinking water is the range found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of tooth decay in man. …

Food Availability And Selective Utilization By Juvenile Mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos Platyrhynchos L.) On The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah, Nicholas J. Chura

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This investigation was devoted to a study of food availability and the selective utilization by juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos L.) from hatching through the flight stage. Such information furnishes basic knowledge which may be used for determining the effects of chemical poisons on these organisms, how breeding ground habitats could be manipulated for their most efficient use by duckling species, what nutrients occur in natural duckling foods, and the digestibility of these items. The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah, was used as the study area during the waterfowl breeding seasons of 1959, 1960, and 1961. Mallard ducklings …

Experiments On The Origin And Nature Of A Zinc Deficiency Of Field Beans On A Portneuf Soil As Determined By The Application Of Zinc 65, Edgar Dale De Remer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In a few instances an agricultural problem lend itself well to research into some of the more basic aspects of a problem as well as to research to determine the exact nature of the problem ad to prescribe a cure. Such a problem was found by the author to exist on a soil of the Twin Falls, Idaho area. Besides making an attempt to ascertain the exact nature of the problem, an experiment was set up in an attempt to understand more about the mechanism responsible for the problem.

Effect Of Sweeteners On The Acceptability Of Selected Processed Fruits, Richard Lee Mclaughlin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 1959 Abbott Laboratories estimated (3) that every year 60 million persons go on controlled diets. Of these about 34 million have serious obesity problems, 3 million are diabetics and the rest have disorders that demand strict dietary measures.

Quality Evaluation Of Certain Fruit Jellies And Syrups Prepared With Sucrose, Sorbitol, And Synthetic Sweeteners, Sandra Louise Day

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Body weight is fast becoming the major health problem in the United States. Recent estimates of the number of weight conscious people in the United States are now up to 75 million. One year ago the estimate of overweight individuals was 60 million Americans who were overweight or should be concerned about watching their weight. There are also two million known diabetics who must control their disease and body weight by a restricted caloric intake.

A Study Of The Use Of The Hydrogen Peroxide-Catalase Treatment Of Milk In The Manufacture Of A Reduced Fat, Cheddar-Like Cheese, Lamar John Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutritionists, the medical profession, and the public in general have become increasingly interested in low fat food products. Cheddar cheese, as it is now made, has a high caloric value and therefore may be discriminated against in some diets. The production of a reduced fat cheddar-like cheese would be of importance to the cheese industry by providing a reduced fat, high protein product.

The chemical nature of the casein furnishes the foundation for the body and texture in cheese. The body and texture of typical cheddar cheese is influenced principally by its fat and moisture content.

The use of hydrogen …

An Evaluation Of Antibiotics Upon Selected Dairy Organisms, Roy Brog

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to answer a three-fold purpose. Primarily, it has endeavored to measure the inhibitory effect of three antibiotics (potassium pencillin, dihydrostreptomycin, and oxytetracycline) on lactic acid producing organisms. The lactic acid-producing organisms include Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilis, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

The determination of an effective dose of a given antibiotic which will inhibit 50 percent of the lactic acid-producing organism (E.D.₅₀) will be established. A 50 percent cut in acid development will certainly lead to an inferior product.

The secondary purpose has related to the detection of inhibitory substances (antibiotics) in milk. What is …

A Study Of The Effects Of Acidity On Shelf Life And Type Of Spoilage In Market Milk, Jagannath M. Kudale

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The addition of the Streptococcus lactis culture in the pasteurized milk was studied, in an attempt to find the effects of the culture in prolonging shelf life of the milk. Various concentrations of the culture were tried to find the optimum concentration that would give favorable effect on keeping quality of the milk. It was found that the addition of Streptococcus lactis culture at the rate of 0.0001 percent has shown promising effects in prolonging shelf life of the milk at the storage temperature of 40 F.

In addition to the above study, effects of added acid in the pasteurized …

Cuterebra (Diptera: Cuterebridae) Of Utah And The Neighboring States, Charles L. Graham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cuterebra are robust flies, which in flight resemble large black bees. Little is known about the bionomics of most of the species included in this genus. Nearly all members of this group parasitize rodents and lagomorphs. Some species have a wide host range, others seem to be specific or semi-specific to a single host. Accidental parasitism of animals other than specific host animals does occur. In such cases the larvae or the host usually die before the larvae can mature. There is a wide variation in the effect of of the parasite on its host. If the parasite is found …

Group Grain Feeding Versus Individual Grain Feeding Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Earl Max Sudweeks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grain feeding is an important part of a dairy feeding program. Grain supplies energy in a concentrated form and when fed as a supplement to forage permits cows to maintain high levels of production. Also, if the forage is of low quality, additional protein and other nutrients can be supplied with the grain in a concentrate mix. By feeding a balanced concentrate mix, according to individual production, each cow receives the necessary nutrients for production. Dairy cows are usually fed grain individually.

A Genetic Study Of Linkage And Inheritance In Barley, Jerald Dean Oldham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With the exception of corn, barley has probably been used more than any other cultivated plant in genetic studies. It was one of several plants with which Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg was working when he discovered Mendel's paper.

Barley is excellent material for use in genetic studies. It is adapted to many environments and has a large number of contrasting characters. Large populations can be grown on a small area of land in one season. It is a diploid with seven chromosome pairs. Each of these seven chromosome pairs can be identified cytologically.

There are seven linkage groups corresponding to the …

The Study Of The Effect Of Various Methods Of Harvesting And Curing On The Color And Viability Of Lima Bean Seed, S. G. Date

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many seedsmen have observed that lima bean seed of a variety like Early Thorogreen, which has green cotyledons, often fades in color during harvesting. This fading of color is known as bleaching. A variety which has green cotyledon and hence green seed, should retain this green color during harvest. Bleached seeds are likely to emerge slowly when planted. Also the final field stand from a planting of bleached seed is likely to be poor.

A Comparison Of Cock Pheasant Harvests Among Areas Having Different Hunting Pressures, Cache County, Utah, James C. Bartonek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Parsons (1953) found Utah's posted hunting unit system regulated hunting pressures over much of the state's pheasant range. He found inequalities of hunting pressure among the posted hunting units because of their individualistic methods used to determine the number of hunting permits to be sold. Utah State Department of Fish and Game personnel recommend the number of permits to be sold by the hunting unit; but often, the hunting unit officers use the desired level of hunting pressure, size of cock harvest, and revenue from permit sales as decisive factors. By regulating hunting pressure on their own lands the posted …

Influence Of Age On Milk Production Of Holstein Cows In Utah, Marvin R. Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production of dairy cows is influenced by many factors, among which are: genetics, nutrition, management, disease and age. Most of these factors can be modified to maintain a high level of production. Age, however, is beyond the influence of mankind; therefore, it is important to understand the effect of age on milk and butter-fat production.

Forage Yield And Plant Stand Intensity Of Nine Alfalfa Varieties In Relation To Nine Rates Of Seeding And Bacterial Wilt Resistance, Hamid Auda

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In growing alfalfa it is important to obtain a good initial stand. However, it is difficult to predict the exact amount of seed necessary to insure a good stand.

There are about 220,000 seeds in 1 pound of alfalfa seed, or enough for four to five seeds per square foot at the rate of 1 pound of seed per acre. If every seed should grow, 2 to 3 pounds of seed per acre would be sufficient for a good stand.

However, there are many hazards. Some seeds are not viable, and others are planted too deep or too shallow to …

An Economic Study Of Alternative Methods Of Obtaining Dairy Herd Replacements In Northern Utah, 1961, J'Wayne Mcarthur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dairying ranked second in producing farm income in the state of Utah in 1929 (II). Twenty-two and two tenths percent of cash receipts from the sale of agricultural products came from dairying. Beef enterprises were the only larger source of farm income in the state, with 24.7 per cent of the total cash receipts. Because of the importance of dairying in the state, much work has been done to provide dairymen with information that will enable them to obtain a higher net return from dairying.

The Cost Of Owning And Operating Farm Power And Machinery Used In Tillage Operations On Diversified Farms In Selected Areas Of Utah, 1960, Clynn Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A current problem facing farmers is, how much should they mechanize their farm perations? As the relative price and productivity of factors change farmers usually have to adjust their operations to assure maximum profits. Technological advances often change the relative productiveness and the price of machinery. These changes have caused the progressive farmer to continually review his farm organization and make adjustments in levels of factor use. If he is to produce at maximum profits it is necessary that his machinery investment be in proper adjustment with other resources.

Estimation Of Optimum Plot Size And Shape For Use In Safflower Yield Trials, Alfred Max Wiedemann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the big problems encountered in experimental yield trials of field crops is the variation that occurs in yield estimates regardless of how the trial is handled with respect to variety or treatment. This so-called "natural" variation is the result of such factors as heredity, human error, and environment.

A Genetic Investigation Of A Yellow Plant Color Characteristic In Winter Wheat, John Oscar Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective in wheat hybridization primarily is to obtain new varieties which are of a greater agronomic value than existing varieties. Frequently, however, crosses which obviously will not produce superior commercial types are made and studied in order to obtain genetic information which may be useful to the breeder. This latter phase of breeding, i.e., the accumulation of genetic information, provides the basis for this study.

Selected Insecticides In The Control Of Invertebrates Possibly Associated With Avian Botulism, J. Larry Haddock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Avian botulism or ''western duck sickness" has long been a major problem on duck marshes in the western part of the United States. This has been demonstrated to result from the ingestion of products of metabolism of bacterial cells of Clostridium botulinum type C. These products when ingested by waterfowl act as neurotoxins (Coburn, 1942). Studies have shown that many animal tissues are readily utilized as culture media by Cl. botulinum type C (Bell et al., 1955).

Since 1955 investigations have indicated a close relation between the occurrence of avian botulism and invertebrate population levels. It is thought that when …

The Effects Of Radium On Certain Goldfish Blood Constituents And Organs, D. Wayne Linn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Background radioactivity from radium has long existed in ground and surface waters of the United States, but in the last 15 years radium has become a consequential unnatural contaminant of waters (Coulomb, 1955; Rone, 1952; Schlundt, 1910; Scott and Barker, 1956; Scott, 1961; and Tsivoglou et al., 1958). The onset of the atomic age initiated the increased processing of uranium ore for its uranium content. Radium is a daughter product and a by-product of uranium ore and its purification (Glasstone, 1958; and Tsivoglou et al., 1958). The uranium refinery wastes are released into streams in which all forms of aquatic …

Factors Affecting The Waterfowl Hunter Utilization And The Waterfowl Kill At The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, 1960-61, Stephen V. Goddard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 1960 there were 1,955, 000 waterfowl hunters in the United States. These hunters spent $89,431, 000 (an average of $45.74 per individual) and 15,158, 000 hunter days in the field. The hunting population will increase 35 percent by 1975 (Anonymous, 1960).

The large increase in hunters will bring a proportional increase in the demand for places to hunt. Many states face the problem of providing enough public hunting for such an army of sportsmen. Studies by Kozlik (1958) in California, Gordinier (1957) and Friley (1959) in Michigan, and Bednarik (1957, 1961) in Ohio point out some of the problems …