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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake And Its Deep Brine Layer, Madeline F. Merck, David G. Tarboton
The Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake And Its Deep Brine Layer, Madeline F. Merck, David G. Tarboton
Publications
The Great Salt Lake is a highly saline terminal lake with considerable fluctuations in water surface elevation and salinity. The lake is divided into two arms by a railroad causeway. River inflows enter the larger south arm, while the north arm only receives minimal surface runoff. Evaporation from both arms and limited exchange of water and salt through causeway openings result in complex water and salinity processes in the lake. The north arm is typically homogeneous and close to saturation. The south arm is typically stratified with periodic occurrences of a deep brine layer. This paper analyzes the lake’s long-term …
Invest In Farm Water Conservation To Curtail Buy And Dry, David E. Rosenberg
Invest In Farm Water Conservation To Curtail Buy And Dry, David E. Rosenberg
Publications
The term buy-and-dry plays to the fears of farm and ranch communities. In Owens Valley, CA in the early 1900s and Palo Verde Irrigation District, CA today, wealthy urban water providers buy up water rights, dry out farms and ranches, export purchased water out of basin to growing cities, or keep water in storage to counter reservoir draw down (James, 2021). As more farmers and ranchers sell their water rights, local businesses—irrigation, farm equipment, seed, and other agricultural firms—contract. Those contractions encourage more farmers and ranchers to sell 15 their water rights and farms. And a negative feedback loop gains …
Adapt Lake Mead Releases To Inflow To Give Managers More Flexibility To Slow Reservoir Draw Down, David E. Rosenberg
Adapt Lake Mead Releases To Inflow To Give Managers More Flexibility To Slow Reservoir Draw Down, David E. Rosenberg
Publications
A 20-year Colorado River drought continues and Lake Mead draws down. As Lake Mead falls through 8 elevation tiers to 1,020 feet (5.7 million acre-feet [maf]), releases drop and mandatory water conservation targets for California, Arizona, Nevada, and Mexico grow to 1.375 maf per year (USBR, 2019). How will different reservoir inflows, releases, and additional water conservation efforts beyond mandatory targets speed or slow Lake Mead draw down, stabilization, and recovery?
Adapting Colorado River Basin Depletions To Available Water To Live Within Our Means, Jian Wang, David E. Rosenberg
Adapting Colorado River Basin Depletions To Available Water To Live Within Our Means, Jian Wang, David E. Rosenberg
Publications
The Colorado River’s two largest reservoirs are drawing down because releases exceed inflows and releases adapt to reservoir elevations instead of elevation and inflow triggers. To help slow reservoir drawdown and sustain target elevations, we introduced a new rule that adapted basin depletions to available water. We simulated inflow-based operations and validated existing operations in a new open-source exploratory model for the Colorado River Basin. We developed the exploratory model to more easily adapt Upper and Lower Basin depletions to available water, reduce run time, and lower costs to use compared to the proprietary RiverWare Colorado River Simulation System (CRSS) …
Energy Dissipation Of Type A Piano Key Weirs, Kam R. Eslinger, Brian M. Crookston
Energy Dissipation Of Type A Piano Key Weirs, Kam R. Eslinger, Brian M. Crookston
Publications
A Piano Key weir (PK weir) is a nonlinear, labyrinth-type weir well suited for rehabilitation projects due to a relatively small footprint and the ability to pass large discharges for lesser upstream-head values when compared with other weir types. A critical component of a hydraulic structure is the energy-dissipative properties. Currently, information and guidance is limited, with previous energy dissipation studies of PK weirs primarily of specific projects. Therefore, to document and quantify energy dissipation, four laboratory-scale Type A PK weir models with different width ratios (Wi/Wo) were studied, with 255 tests comprising this new …
Hydrods: Data Services In Support Of Physically Based, Distributed Hydrological Models, Tseganeh Zekiewos Gichamo, Nazmus S. Sazib, David G. Tarboton, Pabitra Dash
Hydrods: Data Services In Support Of Physically Based, Distributed Hydrological Models, Tseganeh Zekiewos Gichamo, Nazmus S. Sazib, David G. Tarboton, Pabitra Dash
Publications
Physically based distributed hydrologic models require geospatial and time-series data that take considerable time and effort in processing them into model inputs. Tools that automate and speed up input processing facilitate the application of these models. In this study, we developed a set of web-based data services called HydroDS to provide hydrologic data processing ‘software as a service.’ HydroDS provides functions for processing watershed, terrain, canopy, climate, and soil data. The services are accessed through a Python client library that facilitates developing simple but effective data processing workflows with Python. Evaluations of HydroDS by setting up the Utah Energy Balance …
The Next Frontier: Making Research More Reproducible, David E. Rosenberg, Yves Fillion, Rebecca L. Teasley, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Jory S. Hecht, Jakobus E. Van Zyl, George F. Mcmahon, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Joseph R. Kasprzyk, David G. Tarboton
The Next Frontier: Making Research More Reproducible, David E. Rosenberg, Yves Fillion, Rebecca L. Teasley, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Jory S. Hecht, Jakobus E. Van Zyl, George F. Mcmahon, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Joseph R. Kasprzyk, David G. Tarboton
Publications
Science and engineering rest on the concept of reproducibility. An important question for any study is: are the results reproducible? Can the results be recreated independently by other researchers or professionals? Research results need to be independently reproduced and validated before they are accepted as fact or theory. Across numerous fields like psychology, computer systems, and water resources there are problems to reproduce research results (Aarts et al. 2015; Collberg et al. 2014; Hutton et al. 2016; Stagge et al. 2019; Stodden et al. 2018). This editorial examines the challenges to reproduce research results and suggests community practices to overcome …
Beaver Dam Influences On Streamflow Hydraulic Properties And Thermal Regimes, Milada Majerova, Bethany T. Neilson, Brett B. Roper
Beaver Dam Influences On Streamflow Hydraulic Properties And Thermal Regimes, Milada Majerova, Bethany T. Neilson, Brett B. Roper
Publications
Beaver dams alter channel hydraulics which in turn change the geomorphic templates of streams. Variability in geomorphic units, the building blocks of stream systems, and water temperature, critical to stream ecological function, define habitat heterogeneity and availability. While prior research has shown the impact of beaver dams on stream hydraulics, geomorphic template, or temperature, the connections or feedbacks between these habitat measures are not well understood. This has left questions regarding relationships between temperature variability at different spatial scales to hydraulic properties such as flow depth and velocity that are dependent on the geomorphology. We combine detailed predicted hydraulic properties, …
Use Of Low-Cost Ambient Particulate Sensors In Nablus, Palestine With Application To The Assessment Of Regional Dust Storms, Abdelhaleem Khader, Randal S. Martin
Use Of Low-Cost Ambient Particulate Sensors In Nablus, Palestine With Application To The Assessment Of Regional Dust Storms, Abdelhaleem Khader, Randal S. Martin
Publications
Few air pollutant studies within the Palestinian territories have been reported in the literature. In March–April and May–June of 2018, three low-cost, locally calibrated particulate monitors (AirU’s) were deployed at different elevations and source areas throughout the city of Nablus in Northern West Bank, Palestine. During each of the three-week periods, high but site-to-site similar particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10) concentrations were observed. The PM2.5 concentrations at the three sampling locations and during both sampling periods averaged 38.2 ± 3.6 µg/m3, well …
On-The-Road Testing Of The Effects Of Driver’S Experience, Gender, Speed, And Road Grade On Car Emissions, Abdelhaleem I. Khader, Randy S. Martin
On-The-Road Testing Of The Effects Of Driver’S Experience, Gender, Speed, And Road Grade On Car Emissions, Abdelhaleem I. Khader, Randy S. Martin
Publications
On-road vehicles have become a dominant source of air pollution and energy consumption in many parts of the world. As a result, estimating the amount of pollution from these vehicles and analyzing the factors affecting their emission is necessary to understand and manage ambient air quality. Traditionally, automobile emissions have been measured with dynamometer tests using representative driving cycles. A review of the related literature shows that there is a lack of real life, on-the-road testing of automobile emissions. Moreover, a few previous studies have directly discussed the impact of driver variability on emissions from the vehicles. This research analyzes …
Urban Agriculture And Small Farm Water Use: Case Studies And Trends From Cache Valley, Utah, Tyler Pratt, L. Niel Allen, David E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Keller, Kelly Kopp
Urban Agriculture And Small Farm Water Use: Case Studies And Trends From Cache Valley, Utah, Tyler Pratt, L. Niel Allen, David E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Keller, Kelly Kopp
Publications
The landscape of water in Utah is changing due to population growth, conversion of agricultural land to urban development, and increasing awareness of water scarcity. At the same time, Utah is experiencing a growing number of urban and small farms, but knowledge of water use in this sector is limited. Better understanding of what occurs at the field level on urban and small farms can aid state water use estimates and conservation efforts, and assist farmers in moving towards wiser water management. For the 2015 growing season, we performed irrigation evaluations for 24 urban and small farms in Cache Valley, …
Advancing The Open Modeling Interface (Openmi) For Integrated Water Resources Modeling, Caleb A. Buahin, Jeffery S. Horsburgh
Advancing The Open Modeling Interface (Openmi) For Integrated Water Resources Modeling, Caleb A. Buahin, Jeffery S. Horsburgh
Publications
The use of existing component-based modeling frameworks for integrated water resources modeling is currently hampered for some important use cases because they lack support for commonly used, topology-aware, spatiotemporal data structures. Additionally, existing frameworks are often accompanied by large software stacks with steep learning curves. Others lack specifications for deploying them on high performance, heterogeneous computing (HPC) infrastructure. This puts their use beyond the reach of many water resources modelers. In this paper, we describe new advances in component-based modeling using a framework called HydroCouple. This framework largely adopts the Open Modeling Interface (OpenMI) 2.0 interface definitions but demonstrates important …
Double-Ended High Pressure Sodium Fixtures Decline Less Than 6% Over 2 Years And 5000 Hours, Jakob Johnson, Bruce Bugbee
Double-Ended High Pressure Sodium Fixtures Decline Less Than 6% Over 2 Years And 5000 Hours, Jakob Johnson, Bruce Bugbee
Publications
Double-ended (DE) high pressure sodium (HPS) lights with electronic ballasts are reported to age more slowly than the old mogul base technology with magnetic ballasts, but aging has not been well studied in a greenhouse environment. Both dirt accumulation and age can decrease output.
Analysis Of Environmental Effects On Leaf Temperature Under Sunlight, High Pressure Sodium And Light Emitting Diodes, Jacob A. Nelson, Bruce Bugbee
Analysis Of Environmental Effects On Leaf Temperature Under Sunlight, High Pressure Sodium And Light Emitting Diodes, Jacob A. Nelson, Bruce Bugbee
Publications
The use of LED technology is commonly assumed to result in significantly cooler leaf temperatures than high pressure sodium technology. To evaluate the magnitude of this effect, we measured radiation incident to and absorbed by a leaf under four radiation sources: clear sky sunlight in the field, sunlight in a glass greenhouse, and indoor plants under either high pressure sodium or light emitting diodes. We then applied a common mechanistic energy-balance model to compare leaf to air temperature difference among the radiation sources and environments. At equal photosynthetic photon flux, our results indicate that the effect of plant water status …
Effect Of Silicon On Plant Growth And Drought Stress Tolerance, Kaerlek W. Janislampi
Effect Of Silicon On Plant Growth And Drought Stress Tolerance, Kaerlek W. Janislampi
Publications
Silicon is not considered an essential nutrient, but it is typically abundant in soils and can be taken up in large amounts by plants. Silicon is known to have beneficial effects when added to rice and several other plants. These effects include disease and insect resistance, structural fortification, and regulation of the uptake of other ions. In this study, the effect of silicic acid fertilization on the growth and drought tolerance of four crop plants (corn, wheat, soybean, and rice) was analyzed. Plants were studied using three cultivation techniques: 1) hydroponic solution and subjected to salt stress, 2) low-silicon soil-less …
Optimizing The Physical And Nutritional Environment Of Unleached Root-Zones, Curtis B. Adams
Optimizing The Physical And Nutritional Environment Of Unleached Root-Zones, Curtis B. Adams
Publications
Unleached root-zones represent an environmental ideal by eliminating wasteful leaching of nutrients and water. NASA grows plants in space in unleached root-zones, incorporating polymer-coated fertilizer (PCF) into a ceramic media (Turface or Profile). However, lack of growth productivity in space has led to the need for research to improve the nutritional and physical environment of the root-zone, which is the objective of this research. PCF types are diverse in release characteristics and the effects of temperature and substrate water content have not been well characterized. In spite of widespread use, studies on chemical properties and applied studies to verify soil …
Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano
Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano
Publications
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is a small molecule that regulates developmental change. Research was conducted in three areas: sensitivity, synthesis, and alterations to synthesis. Vegetative pea plants were more sensitive than radish plants to atmospheric ethylene. Light intensity did not affect ethylene sensitivity. Ethylene synthesis rates were measured for unstressed cotton, corn, soybean, and tomato plants. The per-plant ethylene synthesis rate ranged from 0.1-80 pmol plant-1 s-1. However, when normalized to net photosynthetic rate, this range was 1-4 µmol of ethylene synthesis per mol of CO2 uptake. Diurnal cycles in ethylene synthesis were present in all crops studied. These …
Use Of Ground-Based Canopy Reflectance To Determine Radiation Capture, Nitrogen And Water Status, And Final Yield In Wheat, Glen L. Ritchie
Use Of Ground-Based Canopy Reflectance To Determine Radiation Capture, Nitrogen And Water Status, And Final Yield In Wheat, Glen L. Ritchie
Publications
Ground-based spectral imaging devices offer an important supplement to satellite imagery. Hand-held, ground-based sensors allow rapid, inexpensive measurements that are not affected by the earth’s atmosphere. They also provide a basis for high altitude spectral indices. We quantified the spectral reflectance characteristics of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Westbred 936) in research plots subjected to either nitrogen or water stress in a two year study. Both types of stress reduced ground cover, which was evaluated by digital photography and compared with ten spectral reflectance indices. On plots with a similar soil background, simple indices such as the normalized …
Comparison Of Tolerance To High Moisture Conditions Of The Soil Among Crop Plants: Studies On The Comparative Plant Nutrition [English Translation], Toshiaki Tadano, Kiyokazu Kirimoto, Isao Aoyama, Arika Tanaka
Comparison Of Tolerance To High Moisture Conditions Of The Soil Among Crop Plants: Studies On The Comparative Plant Nutrition [English Translation], Toshiaki Tadano, Kiyokazu Kirimoto, Isao Aoyama, Arika Tanaka
Publications
Tolerance to high moisture conditions in the soil was compared for eighteen crop species, and factors causing differences among species were studied: 1) When the moisture content of a soil was kept high, the soil air contained 10.5 - 17.5% of O2 and 5.0 - 9.8% of CO2, and the soil solution was not very high in Fe, Mn or NO2-N. 2) Cruciferae, Solanaceae, sugar beet, field bean, pea, cucumber and Chrysanthemum coronarium were very susceptible to this condition, but maize, soybean, and onion were tolerant. Rice grew better under this condition than under ordinary upland conditions. 3) Tolerance to …