Life Sciences Commons^™

A Review Of Shellfish Restoration As A Tool For Coastal Water Quality Management., Michael A. Rice

Michael A Rice

In many areas, coastal residents and others oppose establishment of bivalve molluscan aquaculture projects on the basis of perceived negative environmental impacts. Often overlooked are positive environmental impacts of shellfish aquaculture that can potentially mitigate the impacts of other anthropogenic activities. Filter feeding by populations of bivalve mollusks is reviewed with respect to their ability to act as an estuarine filter, increase clarity of coastal waters and facilitate the removal of nitrogen and other nutrients from eutrophic coastal waters. Most species of cultured bivalve mollusks clear particles from waters at rates of 1 to 4 L/h, and populations of shellfish …

Issues In Quantifying Variability From A Dynamical Systems Perspective, Joseph Hamill, William J. Mcdermott, Jeffrey M. Haddad

Joseph Hamill

Variability is a critical aspect of a dynamical systems analysis. Because there are a number of numerical techniques that can be used in such an analysis, the calculation of variability has several issues that must be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to present a variety of quantitative methods for investigating variability from a dynamical systems perspective. The paper is divided into two major sections covering discrete and continuous methods. Each of these sections is subdivided into two sections. Within discrete methods, we discuss, first, the calculation of the discrete relative phase from a time-series history of two parameters …

Relationship Of Molecular Structure To The Mechanism Of Lysophospholipid-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Yuh-Cherng Chai, David Binion, Guy Chisholm

Yuh-Cherng Chai

No abstract provided.

Control Of Developmental Timing In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Victor Ambros

Victor R. Ambros

Studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have identified genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling temporal patterns of developmental events. Mutations in genes of the C. elegans heterochronic pathway cause altered temporal patterns of larval development, in which cells at certain larval stages execute cell division patterns or differentiation programs normally specific for other stages. The products of the heterochronic genes include transcriptional and translational regulators and two different cases of novel small translational regulatory RNAs. Other genes of the pathway encode evolutionarily conserved proteins, including a homolog of the Drosophila Period circadian timing regulator, and a member of the nuclear receptor …

Pest Risk Assessment For Importation Of Solid Wood Packing Materials Into The United States, Judith E. Pasek, Harold H. Burdsall Jr, Joseph F. Cavey, Andris Eglitis, Robert A. Haack, Dennis A. Haugen, Michael I. Haverty, Charles S. Hodges, Daniel R. Kucera, John D. Lattin, William J. Mattson, David J. Nowak, Joseph G. O'Brien, Richard L. Orr, Ronaldo A. Sequeira, Eugene B. Smalley, Borys M. Tkaxz, William E. Wallner

Judith E Pasek

A wide variety of exotic tree pests can readily be transported into the United States on untreated wooden pallets, crating, bracing, and other solid wood packing materials (SWPM). Recent introductions of forest pests associated with importation of SWPM demonstrate that current United States import regulations are inadequate to exclude such pests. Nearly all (97 percent) of the quarantine-significant tree pests found by port inspectors are associated with SWPM. In spite of current bark-free import requirements, about 9 percent of maritime shipments contain bark, which provides habitat for numerous organisms. A pest risk assessment was conducted for the SWPM pathway to …

Precise, Highly Female-Biased Sex Ratios In A Social Spider, Leticia Avilés, John Mccormack, Asher Cutter, Todd Bukowski

John E. McCormack

It has been recognized for some time that the risk of producing maleless clutches should select for a lower than binomial variance in the sex ratio of organisms with female–biased sex ratios, small clutches and breeding groups containing the clutch of a single female. However, to date, precise sex ratios have only been reported for organisms with haplodiploid sex determination, a system which allows direct control of the sex of individual offspring. In contrast, under heterogametic sex determination chance is expected to play a crucial role in determining the sex composition of any one family, in particular when males are …

Die Mechanik "Weicher" Pflanzlicher Gewebe [The Mechanics Of 'Soft' Plant Tissues], Winfried S. Peters

Winfried S. Peters

An Outline Of A Theory Of The Constructional Constraints Governing Early Organismic Evolution, Winfried S. Peters, Bernd Herkner

Winfried S. Peters

This paper has no abstract; this is the first paragraph. The origin of life is one of the most fascinating biological enigmas (Dyson 1985, de Duve 1991). A multitude of hypotheses is available, ranging from the classical "primordial broth" (Haldane 1929) to the "genetic takeover" (Cairns-Smith 1982). Most of these models center on biochemical, metabolic, or genetic aspects. To our knowledge a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical constraints governing the early development of organismic constructions is not available to date. Attempting to close this gap, we here present an outline of a theory of the transformation of constructions in early …

Regulation Of Cell Growth By Oxidized Ldl., Guy Chisolm, Yuh-Cherng Chai

Yuh-Cherng Chai

The first reports of the influences of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on cell function pertained to negative effects on cell growth—growth arrest, injury, and toxicity. Since these studies, it has become apparent that sublethal levels of oxLDL cause some, but not all, cells to proliferate. This review highlights the growth-promoting effects of oxLDL rather than its inhibitory or injurious effects. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and monocyte-macrophages proliferate after exposure to oxLDL; endothelial cells do not. Scavenger receptors are involved in the proliferative effects on monocyte-macrophages, whereas the effects of oxLDL on SMCs appear to be receptor independent. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), and structurally …

Microteaching And The Art Of Lecturing, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Nike’S Commercial Solution: Girls, Sneakers, And Salvation, Shelley Lucas

Shelley Lucas

In this article I critically examine the ways in which Nike has situated itself as an active participant in current cultural conversations about girls' and women's participation in sport through three television commercials: `If you let me play', `There's a girl being born in America', and `The Fun Police'. In these advertisements, Nike positions itself as helping girls get a chance to play sports, helping them lead healthier and happier lives, helping them learn the rules of the game, and helping them to have fun. However, I argue that Nike's suggestion that girls can be empowered through sport (and through …

The Mechanic State Of “Inner Tissue” In The Growing Zone Of Sunflower Hypocotyls And The Regulation Of Its Growth Rate Following Excision, Winfried Peters, A. Tomos

Winfried S. Peters

Reaching And Teaching: Personality Preferences And Pedagogical Performance, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Shellfish Restoration And Management Projects In Rhode Island, Michael A. Rice, April Valliere, Angela Caporelli

Michael A Rice

Shellfish management and restoration efforts in Rhode Island date back to the 19th century. From the late 1890s to the Second World War the Rhode Island Fisheries Commission operated a lobster hatchery in Wickford Harbor in response to a perceived decline in lobster catches in Narragansett Bay. Berried lobsters were collected, eggs hatched, larvae reared, and postlarval fifth stage juveniles were released into the bay. The project was discontinued primarily because of costs and a failure to demonstrate the efficacy of juvenile seeding in improving lobster catches. From the 1930s to the 1980s, there have been several similar efforts to …

Researching And Teaching Sport History: An Analysis, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Elimination Of Sequestered Material From The Gills Of Decapod Crustaceans., Gary Martin, Michael Quintero, Michael Quigley, Hovhannes Khosrovian

Gary Martin

Ink particles injected into the hemolymph of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and ridgeback prawn (Sicyonia ingentis) were rapidly removed from circulation, and most were sequestered within nodules in the gills. The morphology of the gills and the nodules were examined from the time of injection until the following molt. The process by which ink was cleared from the gills was the same in all four species. Nodules formed within 10 min after injection and were composed of hemocytes loosely attached to one another and binding small quantities of ink. Within one week, …

A Homeostatic Set Point For Branching In Neurospora Crassa, Michael Watters, Christine Humphries, Ingrid De Vries, Anthony Griffiths

Michael Watters

The mechanisms responsible for controlling hyphal extension and branching are still poorly understood. We have investigated these processes by studying their dependence on temperature and nutrient concentration. Tip growth is highly responsive to temperature change, increasing linearly from 4 to 37 °C. Over this range of temperatures the branching pattern shows virtually no response. Likewise, varying nutrient concentration does not affect branch distribution. Colonies subjected to rapid extreme temperature downshifts (for example from 25 to 4°) display a strong and highly predictable branching response. There are three stages to this response. First there is an initial lag phase of growth …

Test Of Intron Predictions Reveals Novel Splice Sites, Alternatively Spliced Mrnas And New Introns In Meiotically Regulated Genes Of Yeast, Carrie A. Davis, Leslie Grate, Marc Spingola, Manuel Ares

Marc Spingola

The Lin-41 Rbcc Gene Acts In The C. Elegans Heterochronic Pathway Between The Let-7 Regulatory Rna And The Lin-29 Transcription Factor, Frank Slack, Michael Basson, Zhongchi Liu, Victor Ambros, H. Horvitz, Gary Ruvkun

Victor R. Ambros

Null mutations in the C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-41 cause precocious expression of adult fates at larval stages. Increased lin-41 activity causes the opposite phenotype, reiteration of larval fates. let-7 mutations cause similar reiterated heterochronic phenotypes that are suppressed by lin-41 mutations, showing that lin-41 is negatively regulated by let-7. lin-41 negatively regulates the timing of LIN-29 adult specification transcription factor expression. lin-41 encodes an RBCC protein, and two elements in the lin-413'UTR are complementary to the 21 nucleotide let-7 regulatory RNA. A lin-41::GFP fusion gene is downregulated in the tissues affected by lin-41 at the time that the let-7 …

Xenopus Laevis Gelatinase B (Xmmp-9): Development, Regeneration, And Wound Healing, Brian Walter, Maria Carinato, Jonathan Henry

Brian Walter

It has been argued that matrix metalloproteinases play important roles in cellular differentiation and regeneration in certain systems. While studying changes in gene expression associated with the phenomena of cornea/lens transdifferentiation ("lens regeneration"), which takes place in the larva of Xenopus laevis, we identified the Xenopus gelatinase B gene. The open reading frame is homologous to other gelatinase B genes identified in other species and encodes all of the domains characteristic of this protein. Xenopus gelatinase B (Xmmp-9) is first expressed during early tail-bud stages in a subset of mesodermal cells scattered throughout the body. Expression is also seen in …

Pine Shoot Beetle (Tomicus Piniperda (L.)): Pest-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment For Likelihood And Consequences Of Spread Within The Continental United States, Judith E. Pasek

Judith E Pasek

This pest risk assessment for pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), was conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS, PPQ). A need to reevaluate the appropriateness of current quarantine and compliance management regulations pertaining to the Lake States and northeastern United States was identified considering the high program costs and impacts to affected industries and growers. Questions central to this issue include predictions of what levels of damage or impact might be expected should the pine shoot beetle (PSB) spread to other regions of the United States, and …

What Is Keto Bodytone?, Control Keto

Control Keto

Structure And Function Analysis Of Lin-14, A Temporal Regulator Of Postembryonic Developmental Events In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Yang Hong, Rosalind C. Lee, Victor R. Ambros

Victor R. Ambros

During postembryonic development of Caenorhabditis elegans, the heterochronic gene lin-14 controls the timing of developmental events in diverse cell types. Three alternative lin-14 transcripts are predicted to encode isoforms of a novel nuclear protein that differ in their amino-terminal domains. In this paper, we report that the alternative amino-terminal domains of LIN-14 are dispensable and that a carboxy-terminal region within exons 9 to 13 is necessary and sufficient for in vivo LIN-14 function. A transgene capable of expressing only one of the three alternative lin-14 gene products rescues a lin-14 null mutation and is developmentally regulated by lin-4. This shows …

What Makes Plants Different? Principles Of Extracellular Matrix Function In 'Soft' Plant Tissues [Review Article], Winfried Peters, Wolfgang Hagemann, A. Tomos

Winfried S. Peters

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Use Of Biotin-Labeled Nucleic Acids For Protein Purification And Agarose-Based Chemiluminescent Electromobility Shift Assays., Joseph Rodgers, Pinky Patel, Jason Hennes, Sara Bolognia, David Mascotti

David P. Mascotti

We have employed biotin-labeled RNA to serve two functions. In one, the biotin tethers the RNA to streptavidin–agarose beads, creating an affinity resin for protein purification. In the other, the biotin functions as a label for use in a modified chemiluminescent electromobility shift assay (EMSA), a technique used to detect the formation of protein–RNA complexes. The EMSA that we describe avoids the use not only of radioactivity but also of neurotoxic acrylamide by using agarose as the gel matrix in which the free nucleic acid is separated from protein–nucleic acid complexes. After separation of free from complexed RNA in agarose, …

Pure Life Keto Reviews - Shark Tank, Pills, Daniel Samuel

Daniel Samuel

Compartmental Specificity Of Cellular Membrane Fusion Encoded In Snare Proteins, James Mcnew, Frank Parlati, Ryorichi Fukuda, Robert Johnston, Keren Paz, Fabienne Paumet, Thomas Sollner, James Rothman

Fabienne Paumet

No abstract provided.

Dependence Of The Extent Of Ion Association With Polynucleotides And Peptides As A Function Of Solution Dielectric., David Mascotti, A. Salwan

David P. Mascotti

No abstract provided.

The Baldwin Effect: An Archeology, David Depew

David J Depew

Abstract: “The Baldwin effect” stands for a wide variety of ways in which learn ing can be conceived as guiding adap tive evolution ary change. An analysis of the history of this notion reveals that it does not reliably refer either to a theory-neutral empirical phenomenon or to a single theoretical hypothesis. On the contrary, articulations of the general idea depend on distinctive, but in commensurable, theoretical backgrounds. In reconstructing the conceptual history of the Baldwin effect I hope to support contemporary explorations of idea by encouraging the articulation of new theoretical frameworks in which it might make sense. I …