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Articles 1 - 30 of 249
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Elemental Content In Grapevine Leaves, Jesse L. Krokower
Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Elemental Content In Grapevine Leaves, Jesse L. Krokower
MSU Graduate Theses
In grapevine, the influence of the plant’s elemental composition (the ionome) on fruit and wine quality is well established, but its genetic underpinnings have received limited scientific attention. In this study, I analyzed the leaf ionome of 131 interspecific F1 hybrid progeny plants from a cross between a Vitis rupestris Scheele (♀) and a Vitis riparia Michx (♂) parents, which were replicated in four different environments: Southwest Missouri, Central Missouri, South Dakota, and New York. I sampled leaves at three different times during the growing season at all four locations and had the concentration of 20 elements measured using ICP-MS. …
Quantum Dots' Toxicity: A Multi-Level Investigation On The Impact Of Quantum Dots On The Actin Cytoskeleton, Nhi Le
MSU Graduate Theses
Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescence nanomaterials with unique optical and physical properties. As such, they are highly sought after for their potential use in several biomedical and industrial applications. Despite their vast potential, recent studies have suggested that quantum dots are toxic to cells. Yet, the mechanism of quantum dots’ toxicity remains unclear. As such, my thesis aims to comprehensively examine the mechanism of quantum dots’ toxicity, emphasizing how quantum dots disrupt the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, I used RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry to investigate the influence of CdSe/ZnS QDs on the transcriptomic proteomic level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae …
Examining The Immune Regulation Of Nlrp12 Through Novel Protein Interactions, Catherine Rippe
Examining The Immune Regulation Of Nlrp12 Through Novel Protein Interactions, Catherine Rippe
MSU Graduate Theses
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular proteins that play an important role in the regulation of the innate immune response to pathogens. Since being identified, various functions for NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 12 (NLRP12) have been suggested. It has been shown to negatively regulate the inflammatory response through canonical and noncanonical NF-kB signaling pathways, control tumorigenesis and gut homeostasis and exacerbate inflammation through the formation of a multi-protein complex called an inflammasome. Due to the varying roles established for NLRP12, the mechanisms by which it functions remain poorly understood. In this study, I sought to confirm a novel protein-protein interaction …
Intraspecific Hybrid Identification Of Black Walnuts Via Marker Assisted Selection, Makenna B. Thompson
Intraspecific Hybrid Identification Of Black Walnuts Via Marker Assisted Selection, Makenna B. Thompson
MSU Graduate Theses
The improvement of Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) cultivars could increase market expansion. Improved cultivars with superior qualities would increase profitability for both the seller and the buyer. Agronomically and economically important traits such as heavier nut weight, disease resistance, tree structure integrity, and yearly nut production can be efficiently improved by breeding black walnuts via marker-assisted selection. Microsatellite/simple sequence repeat markers were used in this research to determine potential intraspecific hybrids between ‘Football’ and ‘Sparrow’ cultivars. Intraspecific is defined as of the same genus and species. This quality makes it more difficult to identify hybrids because the parent …
Modeling Growth And Stress Factors For Converted Silvopasture Systems In The Missouri Ozarks, Bailee N. Suedmeyer
Modeling Growth And Stress Factors For Converted Silvopasture Systems In The Missouri Ozarks, Bailee N. Suedmeyer
MSU Graduate Theses
Silvopasture systems are becoming increasingly popular among sustainable agriculture ranchers, due to the increase in knowledge of benefits to the cattle and ability to grow cool season grasses beneath the canopy. This project focuses on the forest crop aspect of silvopasture systems from monitoring of the health of the trees over time to recommendations for thinning management to keep it functioning as viable silvopasture. The study site consists of five acres of upland hardwood forest area in Southern Missouri with 18 monumented fixed area plots. Arial and ground data was collected at each plot throughout the growing season, along with …
Tissue And Sex-Dependent Regulation Of Innate Immunity And Rna Editing In Mice, Kelsey R. Kendrick
Tissue And Sex-Dependent Regulation Of Innate Immunity And Rna Editing In Mice, Kelsey R. Kendrick
MSU Graduate Theses
Inflammation occurs as a result of insult or infection within the body. Individual cells respond to inflammation by upregulating genes that help mediate the immune response, such as ADAR1. ADAR1 helps regulate the immune response but also catalyzes a process called RNA editing. RNA editing alters the sequence of select mRNAs to alter the encoded proteins. The result is altered function of the encoded protein, which is often beneficial for the cell. Our goal was to determine how inflammation affects the function of ADAR1. Since we know that the effects of inflammation vary between different organs and sexes, we examined …
Quantitative Song Variety In Relation To Genotype In A Hybridizing Chickadee Population, Shelby Madison Palmer
Quantitative Song Variety In Relation To Genotype In A Hybridizing Chickadee Population, Shelby Madison Palmer
MSU Graduate Theses
The Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadee (P. carolinensis) are North American songbird species that hybridize in a narrow contact zone stretching latitudinally from New Jersey to Kansas, USA. The association between genetic ancestry and song type in this hybrid zone has been studied independently several times and found to be minimal or absent, likely due to the influence of cultural transmission on learned song in the oscine passerine clade to which the chickadees belong. Despite this, the song of both species remains remarkably distinct in allopatry, suggesting a genetic constraint on certain qualities of …
Impact Of Sample Conditions On Dna Phosphodiester Backbone Bi/Bii Conformational Equilibrium Dynamics, Autumn C. Pilarski
Impact Of Sample Conditions On Dna Phosphodiester Backbone Bi/Bii Conformational Equilibrium Dynamics, Autumn C. Pilarski
MSU Graduate Theses
DNA damage, such as single base lesions and mismatches, is highly prevalent within cells. If these DNA damage events are not repaired, they could lead to mutations and thus disease and cancer. Intricate repair mechanisms are in place to fix these damage events, one such being Base Excision Repair (BER) and associated enzyme: Thymine DNA Glycosylase (TDG). The first step of this repair process, recognition of the lesion by TDG, is not well understood. The following thesis presents results to better understand the fundamental biophysical question of how a DNA lesion within a mismatch context is recognized in a million …
Centrifugation Cushion Vs. Spermfilter™: Effects On % Recovery, Holly S. Hopkins
Centrifugation Cushion Vs. Spermfilter™: Effects On % Recovery, Holly S. Hopkins
MSU Graduate Theses
It has been demonstrated that removing seminal plasma and resuspension of the sperm pellet in various diluents will improve the post-storage motility of spermatozoa from some stallions. This typically involves centrifugation. However, a sperm filtering device marketed by Botupharma (Phoenix, AZ) allows seminal plasma removal without a centrifuge. This study compared spermatozoa recovery rates using this device vs. centrifugation with and without a cushion. Thirteen ejaculates were collected from three quarter horse stallions. Prior to treatment, aliquots were diluted with Dulbecco's modified PBS at a dilution rate of 1:1. For the two centrifugation treatments, 12 ml of the diluted semen …
Body Condition: Seasonal Effects And Influence On Aggressive Behavior Of Ozark Zigzag Salamanders (Plethodon Angusticlavius), Ayesha Farooq
Body Condition: Seasonal Effects And Influence On Aggressive Behavior Of Ozark Zigzag Salamanders (Plethodon Angusticlavius), Ayesha Farooq
MSU Graduate Theses
Body condition is a measure of the size of energy reserves such as fat and protein, which can influence health and the ability to obtain resources in aggressive encounters. Individuals with better body condition ultimately experience a fitness advantage. Physiological factors such as sex, reproductive condition, and diet can influence body condition of individuals. Body condition could be affected positively or negatively after an animal is kept in captivity for extended periods of time. In the first chapter, I explore whether sex, season (fall and spring), and time in containment at the laboratory influences body condition. In the second chapter, …
Sex-Dependent Effects Of Induced Acute Inflammation On Glucose Homeostasis And Rna Editing Enzymes, Christian A. Rivas
Sex-Dependent Effects Of Induced Acute Inflammation On Glucose Homeostasis And Rna Editing Enzymes, Christian A. Rivas
MSU Graduate Theses
The first line of defense against bodily insults, like pathogen invasion, is the innate immune system. Innate immunity sets in motion countless cascades that result in inflammation. Inflammation simultaneously affects multiple biological processes like metabolism and gene expression. Males and females react differently to inflammation. To understand both molecular and physiological sex differences in inflammation, we examined how inflammation affects gene expression and glucose metabolism. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) is upregulated by inflammation and catalyzes RNA editing, a process where nucleotides encoded by the genome are modified. ADAR1 also controls the innate immune reaction by decreasing activity of …
Influence Of Cell Cycle On Aim2 Inflammasome Activation, Ashok Kumar Dubey
Influence Of Cell Cycle On Aim2 Inflammasome Activation, Ashok Kumar Dubey
MSU Graduate Theses
A cell cycle's progression has a significant role in the development of a disease. All the signaling pathways and inflammatory reactions are maintained in a healthy mode if cell cycle checkpoints are precisely regulated and kept in homeostasis. AIM2 inflammasome is a cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA sensor. Upon activation, it elicits an inflammatory reaction with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and they are cleaved by the proteases, Caspase-1 from their inactive form. Also, the AIM2 inflammasome helps in regulating cell division and inhibits cell proliferation; thus, leading to a cell death called pyroptosis. Here, I examined …
Morphological And Genetic Analysis Of The Root System In Two American Grapevines (Vitis Species), Parinaz Mohtasebi
Morphological And Genetic Analysis Of The Root System In Two American Grapevines (Vitis Species), Parinaz Mohtasebi
MSU Graduate Theses
The North American grapes species Vitis rupestris Scheele and Vitis riparia Michx have been the pillars of rootstock breeding for many decades. Though a large body of viticultural knowledge has been accumulated on their impact on grafted scions, the genetic basis of their root system architecture (RSA) has received limited scientific attention. In this study, I generated and analyzed adventitious root systems from dormant cuttings of 22 V. riparia and 19 V. rupestris accessions, as well as 162 interspecific F1 hybrid progeny from a cross between V. rupestris (♀) and V. riparia (♂). I photographed the roots and then extracted …
Engineering And Characterizing Proteins: A Dual Study On Canine P53 Protein And Cyan Thermal Protein, Dhruv B. Sitapara
Engineering And Characterizing Proteins: A Dual Study On Canine P53 Protein And Cyan Thermal Protein, Dhruv B. Sitapara
MSU Graduate Theses
This research aims to explore protein development and characterization, focusing on a dual study of canine p53 protein and cyan thermal protein. For the canine p53 protein, the goal is to comprehend its structure to better understand a key component of canine cancers. This multi-step process involved expressing the canine p53 DNA-binding domain in E. coli and purifying it through affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was studied to test the binding of canine p53 protein to human DNA sequences using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments and an Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA), visualized with a SYBR-safe stain. The …
A Comparison Of Peak Ground Reaction Forces Of Pitches From The Stretch And Windup, Richard D. Edwards
A Comparison Of Peak Ground Reaction Forces Of Pitches From The Stretch And Windup, Richard D. Edwards
MSU Graduate Theses
Ground reaction forces can help coaches and players understand the lower extremity biomechanics of pitching in baseball. Research has told us that there are repeatable characteristics of ground reaction forces that pitchers produce during a pitch. This study examines the differences in peak ground reaction forces produced from pitching from the stretch versus pitching from the wind-up. Five variables were recorded for each pitch from the push-off leg and the landing leg. Landing forces were then compared to landing forces of the other pitching style and the same comparison was made for the push-off leg. This was achieved by altering …
Investigation To Examine The Profile Of Auditory Brainstem And Hearing Thresholds Using Tone Burst Audiometry Brainstem Response In A Preclinical Migraine Model, Megan Huelsing
MSU Graduate Theses
Migraine is a disabling neurological disease that is characterized by prominent auditory symptoms, including hyperacusis, which is defined as extreme sensitivity to sounds. The goal of this study was to investigate changes in hearing sensitivity and neural changes in the brainstem by measuring neural activity of the auditory brainstem in an established preclinical model of chronic migraine. To induce a chronic migraine state within the trigeminal system, male and female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to three known human risk factors including neck muscle tension and REM sleep deprivation that promote latent sensitization, and exposure to a pungent odor, which …
Crisis Communication And Public Relations: How Fairs Communicated Cancellations During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Olivia Mckenna Robinson
Crisis Communication And Public Relations: How Fairs Communicated Cancellations During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Olivia Mckenna Robinson
MSU Graduate Theses
The COVID-19 pandemic halted aspects of a traditional fair including the agriculture, home economics, entertainment, and carnival exhibits that were missed by the diverse stakeholders who enjoy the traditions of this industry. This study examined how fairgoers reacted to the news of cancellation and investigated fair managers’ communication decisions. An explanatory sequential (QUANT → QUAL) mixed methods design was used. A survey was conducted asking fairgoers to recall communication strategies and feelings after the communication. A more in-depth focus group with fair managers was hosted to understand how crisis communication was utilized, and if active information seekers versus passive information …
Propagation, Physiology And Biomass Of Giant Cane (Arundinaria Gigantea) For Conservation And Restoration, Sanjeev Sharm
Propagation, Physiology And Biomass Of Giant Cane (Arundinaria Gigantea) For Conservation And Restoration, Sanjeev Sharm
MSU Graduate Theses
Giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) is a native species to 22 states in the U.S. The species and its ecosystem are considered critically endangered, and the species has been reduced to 2% of its original extent. The species has a long cultural and conservation history. Large canebrakes were commonly found in Missouri in bottomland forests, stream and riverbanks, and margins of lakes. My research goals were to: 1) examine methods for propagation success from field to greenhouse to field; 2) examine the physiology of cane at one of the few current canebrakes, for greenhouse propagated plants, and field planted …
Natural Transmission Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus, Matthew Manu
Natural Transmission Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus, Matthew Manu
MSU Graduate Theses
More than 60 million tons of grapes are produced annually in the world, making them one of the most widely grown fruit crops. Despite grapes’ economic and health benefits, biotic stressors, such as viruses, cause significant loss to the grape and wine industry. One such virus is grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) which seriously threatens grape cultivation in the Midwest region of the United States. This virus has caused the removal of seven commercial vineyards since its discovery in 2004. About 34% of Ampelopsis cordata wild vines are infected with GVCV and serve as a primary inoculum for the spread …
Phenomenological Study Into The Role Of Self-Efficacy In Minority Student-Athletes' Sport Performance, Tomas A. Singhgolden
Phenomenological Study Into The Role Of Self-Efficacy In Minority Student-Athletes' Sport Performance, Tomas A. Singhgolden
MSU Graduate Theses
Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to successfully complete a task, which can be derived from four sources of information (i.e., past performance, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states). The role of self-efficacy in sporting performance is well documented as being positively associated with enhanced performance across multiple levels of sport (e.g., Olympic, collegiate athletes). Specifically, with collegiate athletes, high levels of reported self-efficacy have resulted in higher performance accomplishments. Although self-efficacy has been researched within sports, there is a dearth of knowledge examining ethnic minority athletes’ perceptions of self-efficacy related to their athletic performance. The aim …
Cul3 Negatively Regulates Nlrp12-Mediated Inhibition Of The Canonical Nf-Κb Signaling Pathway, Inyeong Lee
Cul3 Negatively Regulates Nlrp12-Mediated Inhibition Of The Canonical Nf-Κb Signaling Pathway, Inyeong Lee
MSU Graduate Theses
Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 12 (NLRP12) is mainly known for its inhibitory function on NF-κB signaling in innate immune cells, and more recently, for its ability to regulate chemokine signaling and ubiquitination of the immune receptor RIG-I. Through a yeast 2-hybrid screen, the Lupfer lab previously discovered that NLRP12 interacts with other ubiquitin-associated proteins including Cullin 3 (CUL3) and RING finger protein 2 (RNF2). This research was conducted to mainly investigate the interaction between NLRP12 and CUL3 in human cells and examine the role in regulating NF-κB signaling. Previously, co-immunoprecipitation, followed by western blot analysis, and confocal microscopy …
Between Choice And Compulsion: An Examination And Critique Of The Evolution Of 'Original Sin', Matthew James Wynn
Between Choice And Compulsion: An Examination And Critique Of The Evolution Of 'Original Sin', Matthew James Wynn
MSU Graduate Theses
“Why are we the way that we are?” is one of the hardest questions to answer because it requires grasping the origin of human beings. This has left philosophers and theologians in century-long debates on forming a “cosmogony of ontology” (i.e., how the origin of the universe informs the human condition). The concept, “original sin” was developed by a North African theologian named Augustine (354 – 430 CE). Augustine’s reading of Genesis 3, and inaccurate translation of Romans 5:12, taught that a person is born morally culpable for a fault antecedent to their existence. This way of thinking about the …
Investigation Of Inflammation And Apoptosis Mediated Toxicity In Response To Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Ml-1 And Ca77 Cancer Cell Lines, Alyse N. Peters
Investigation Of Inflammation And Apoptosis Mediated Toxicity In Response To Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Ml-1 And Ca77 Cancer Cell Lines, Alyse N. Peters
MSU Graduate Theses
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are becoming more popular in today’s environment. They contribute significantly to the technologies in agriculture and food development but there is little understanding to how MONPs, including ZnO, CuO, TiO2, and SnO2, impact human health and the environment. Our growth assay revealed that none of these negatively affects viability in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, both human thyroid cancer cells (ML-1) and rat medullary thyroid cancer cells (CA77) displayed a significant reduction in viability with the treatment of CuO and ZnO. The production of ROS in these cell lines when treated with CuO and …
Activity Patterns Of The Critically Endangered Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys Mawii), Cora Dyslin
Activity Patterns Of The Critically Endangered Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys Mawii), Cora Dyslin
MSU Graduate Theses
The Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys mawii) is native to southern Mexico, eastern Guatemala, and Belize and is primarily restricted to watersheds that drain into the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Hunting, both for personal consumption and market meat, has been the primary driver of declines, and the species is now classified as critically endangered. Results from past studies that have used netting and visual surveys to detect D. mawii suggest that the species is chiefly nocturnal. However, it is unclear to what extent the perception of nocturnality has been biased by the timing of survey efforts …
Distribution Patterns Of Allorhizobium Vitis In Missouri Vineyards And Non-Vineyard Soils, Jacquelyn M. Wray
Distribution Patterns Of Allorhizobium Vitis In Missouri Vineyards And Non-Vineyard Soils, Jacquelyn M. Wray
MSU Graduate Theses
Crown gall disease causes significant economic loss to the grape and wine industry. Preventive strategies are most effective for mitigating the loss of grapevines in vineyards, as there is no known cure for this disease. The bacterium Allorhizobium vitis carrying a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid is the causative agent. A. vitis bacteria live systemically in the grapevine before causing visible symptoms and can survive in residual plant tissues and soil for more than two years. Diagnostic methods have been developed to detect A. vitis bacteria in grapevines and soil. However, more reliable, specific, and high-throughput diagnostics are still needed for screening …
Evaluating The Impact Of Off-Farm Decisions On Federal Government Program Utilization And Financial Success For Missouri's Beginning Farmers, Lyndsey Ann Parker
Evaluating The Impact Of Off-Farm Decisions On Federal Government Program Utilization And Financial Success For Missouri's Beginning Farmers, Lyndsey Ann Parker
MSU Graduate Theses
Farmers and ranchers will have to increase production by approximately 70% by the year 2050 according to the American Farm Bureau Federation (2017). People in the agriculture industry face several challenges from start-up costs to limited land availability (Ahearn, 2011). There are federal and state government programs available to assist with some of these challenges but bring their own hardships as well. This study measures off-farm decisions that affect financial performance and utilization of government programs for Missouri’s farmers and ranchers. Three types of financial performance of Missouri farms are prioritized in this study, liquidity (current ratio), solvency (debt-to-asset ratio), …
A Study Of Cobalt (Iii) Oxide Nanoparticle Delivery Of Sirna Molecules Directed Against Signaling Intermediates Of The P2y2 Receptor, Rachel Blair Stroud
A Study Of Cobalt (Iii) Oxide Nanoparticle Delivery Of Sirna Molecules Directed Against Signaling Intermediates Of The P2y2 Receptor, Rachel Blair Stroud
MSU Graduate Theses
G protein-coupled receptors are evolutionarily ubiquitous sensors of extracellular signals, propagating intracellular signal cascades through heterotrimeric G proteins. P2Y2 receptors are GPCRs which are activated by extracellular nucleotides to mediate signaling cascades via Gαq coupling. Many GPCRs are subject to a common mechanism for signal termination involving phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail followed by β-arrestin binding and subsequent endocytic internalization of the complex. This effect has been described for the P2Y2 R in the 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line, and UTP-induced activation and desensitization profiles have been previously defined. There is need to develop molecular vehicles for safe and …
Effects Of Natural Products On Inflammation, Riley Ann Nadler
Effects Of Natural Products On Inflammation, Riley Ann Nadler
MSU Graduate Theses
Chronic inflammation is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes into the tissue where they produce inflammatory cytokines that contribute to tissue damage. Worldwide, 3 out of 5 people die due to chronic inflammatory diseases like cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Since it is well-documented that diet and metabolism are key mediators of inflammation, I investigated the effects of dietary lectins on inflammatory cytokine production and the ability of sodium pyruvate, a metabolite, to decrease inflammation. In chapter 1, I examined the effect that lectins from either Triticum vulgaris (common wheat) or Phaseolus vulgaris (common …
Testing The Impact Of A Silencing Suppressor On Infectivity Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus Infectious Clone In Nicotiana Benthamiana, Wen Zhao
MSU Graduate Theses
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), the first DNA virus of the Badnavirus genus discovered in grapevines, is closely associated with grapevine vein-clearing disease. Through earlier research, Koch's postulates were partially met: GVCV was in all diseased plants; GVCV was introduced into a healthy grapevine through grafting and by aphids and caused the disease. However, more shreds of evidence are required to fulfill the last postulate, the same virus must be reisolated from the inoculated diseased grapevine (1). A full-length infectious clone of GVCV was previously constructed to provide evidence; however, its infectivity was not consistent. Therefore, the goal …
Public Perceptions Of Human Physical Interactions, Exhibition, And Conservation Of Tigers And Cheetahs, Abbie Knudsen
Public Perceptions Of Human Physical Interactions, Exhibition, And Conservation Of Tigers And Cheetahs, Abbie Knudsen
MSU Graduate Theses
Tigers and cheetahs are common in the pet trade, public exhibits, and hands-on encounters with the public. Poor regulation of these experiences has resulted in numerous incidents worldwide in which a person was seriously injured or killed by captive big cats. Additionally, concerns for animal welfare have been raised by industry professionals. Prior research on primates has demonstrated exposing people to photographs of cats in different backgrounds can influence their attitudes about animals in captivity, but no study has addressed whether visual images affect human attitudes toward big cats. I used a survey that asked a series of questions about …