Life Sciences Commons^™

Intsormil- Centa’S New Bmr Sorghum Varieties Create A Surge In Dairy Production, René Clará Valencia

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Scientists from the INTSORMIL-CENTA project based at the National Center for Agricultural Technology and Forestry (CENTA) of El Salvador have worked for five years to develop varieties of sorghum for grain and forage that are highly nutritious to cattle. Using the gene bmr-12, received from Dr. Gebisa Ejeta of Purdue University, they combined commercial varieties CENTA S-2, S-3 CENTA, CENTA RCV and VG 146 and were able to form new varieties containing this same gene. The first generation created 76 new varieties.

Variedad De Sorgo Para Grano De Ciclo Precoz Centa Liberal, Intsormil-Centa

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El sorgo es una alternativa para las familias agricultoras dedicadas a la producción de grano debido a la capacidad que tiene de tolerar sequías prolongadas.

Sus características lo vuelven una alternativa, incluso para sustituir al maíz, aún con las limitantes hídricas que se han incrementado en los últimos años debido a los efectos del cambio climático.

Es un cultivo rústico capaz de producir en condiciones adversas de suelo (excepto suelos mal drenados), clima y de poco manejo agronómico; se adapta desde los 10 hasta los 1000 m.s.n.m.

La variedad CENTA Liberal que hoy se pone a disposición de los productores …

Centa S-3 Bmr Y Centa S-4 Bmr: Variedades De Sorgo Forrajero Para Ensilaje, Intsormil-Centa

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Siendo la nutrición animal un factor importante para el éxito de la ganadería de leche y carne en El Salvador, el Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal “Enrique Álvarez Córdova” (CENTA), en colaboración con el Instituto de Sorgo, Mijo y Otros Granos (INTSORMIL), ha desarrollado dos nuevas variedades de sorgo para ensilaje con alta digestibilidad, capaces de incrementar la producción de leche y carne en el ganado bovino con el objetivo de fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria en el país.

La utilización del sorgo en forma de ensilaje se ha incrementado en nuestro país a partir de los años 80, …

Growth And Physiological Responses Of Maize And Sorghum Genotypes To Salt Stress, Youping Sun, Wenwei Xu, Denise Rodriguez, Youping Sun

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

The growth and physiological responses of four maize inbred lines (CUBA1, B73, B5C2, and BR1) and four sorghum hybrids (SS304, NK7829, Sordan 79, and KS585) to salinity were determined. Fifteen days after sowing, seedlings were irrigated with nutrient solution (control) at electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.5 dS m−1 or saline solution at EC of 8.0 dS m−1 (salt treatment) for 40 days. Dry weight of shoots in maize was reduced by 58%, 65%, 62%, and 69% in CUBA1, B73, B5C2, and BR1, respectively, while that of sorghum was reduced by 51%, 56%, 56%, and 76% in SS304, NK7829, Sordan79, and …

Asareca-Intsormil: Regional Sorghum Research And Development Workshop, September 2–6, 2012, Executive Hotel, Adama, Ethiopia, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Priorities in Sorghum Research and Development Cross-Cutting Elements

All priorities should be cognizant and address:

Gender responsiveness

User friendliness in sharing knowledge and information

Sustainable growth

Capacity building

Collaboration with public and private partners especially NARS, and regional and international organizations

Production

Integrated soil and water management in response to climate change

Integrated pest management

Cropping systems

Mechanization to alleviate drudgery

Breeding/Genetics

Breeding high yielding sorghum cultivars with enhanced ecological adaptation (drought tolerance and Striga resistance and diseases and pests) and superior grain quality

Development, release and distribution of enhanced sorghum germplasm materials with desired end-use quality attributes (malt, biofuel, …

Intensive Production Of Millet And Sorghum For Evolving Markets In The Sahel, John H. Sanders, Botorou Ouendeba

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

One principal constraint to improving the performance of millet and sorghum systems is overcoming the conventional wisdom. The conventional wisdom has some or all of these characteristics depending upon where you hear it. “Sorghum and millet are subsistence crops.” “They do not respond to fertilization.” “Even if they do respond to fertilizer, it is not profitable.” “Farmers will not use fertilization on these crops even if there were agronomic and economic responses.” “Banks will not lend to farmers for sorghum and millet fertilization.”

Feed The Future Releases Two New Sorghum Varieties In Nicaragua, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), the Collaborative Research Support Program for Sorghum, Millet and Other Grains (INTSORMIL) has released two new varieties of sorghum in Nicaragua that will be used for forage (plant material eaten by grazing livestock).

These new varieties exhibit the “brown midrib” trait (bmr), which has been used for many years by sorghum producers in the United States. The bmr trait increases the digestibility of sorghum by reducing the amount of lignin, a chemical compound found in the cell walls of plants. The more digestible sorghum is for the livestock that consume it, the higher the quality of …

Returns To The Introduction Of New Sorghum Cultivars Into The Dairy Industry Of El Salvador, Alexis Homero Villacís Aveiga

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The returns to the introduction of new photo-insensitive sorghum varieties into the dairy industry were analyzed to determine changes in the welfare of consumers, processors, producers and the society. The economic surplus method was used along with a survey data of a stratified sample of 150 farms conducted in 2011 in El Salvador. Results indicate that there are large returns per dollar spent and substantial benefits to consumers, processors and producers. Results also show that the adoption of these new technologies represents advantages in production costs of milk in each farm size. These cost savings per bottle are very small …

Uso De Molinos Cti Para La Producción Y Uso De Harina De Sorgo, Lily Lopez, Kris Duville, Carla Bermudez, Vilma Ruth Calderón, Lloyd Rooney

INTSORMIL Presentations

El aprovechamiento del sorgo para la alimentación humana permite agregar valor al cultivo y aumentar su rentabilidad, especialmente para pequeños y medianos productores, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional del país.

CENTA esta promoviendo el cultivo del sorgo como una alternativa para la produccion de alimentos en las areas rurales.

Desde 2010 cuando el trigo bajo de precio nuevamente, dejo de ser una alternativa para la sustitucion del trigo, pero se le han buscado mercados mas estables, personas alergicas al gluten, personas diabéticas, y productos nutritivos para corregir deficiencias nutricionales como la anemia por falta de hierro, productos artesanales …

Use Of Cti Grinders For Sorghum Flour Production And Utilization: Final Report, Vilma Ruth Calderón De Zacatares, Lily Marisol López, Kris Emillee Duville, Carla Elizabeth Bermúdez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The use of sorghum for human consumption to add value to the crop and increase its profitability, especially for small and medium producers, has contributed to food security and nutrition in El Salvador. CENTA is promoting the cultivation of sorghum as an alternative to food production in rural and urban areas. Since 2010 when wheat prices lower again, sorghum was no more an alternative to replace wheat in certain types of food, but is being used in more stable markets, as people allergic to gluten, people with diabetes and to correct nutritional deficiencies such as iron deficiency anemia because of …

Sorghum Flour Production Manual For Compatible Technology International (Cti) Burr Grinders, Kris Emillee Duville

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The importance of sorghum in human nutrition and food security

The grinders of Compatible Technology International (CTI) were brought to El Salvador in 2009, for a project of CENTA-INTSORMIL/USAID to promote the grinding of sorghum for human nutrition. In 2011, ten of these grinders had been installed in small bakers associations, individual bakers, or persons producing ethnic drinks based on roasted and ground cereals. These people had been trained in sorghum use for human nutrition at the food technology laboratory of CENTA. The grinders are being used in areas were the access to other foods is limited and were sorghum …

Utilizacion De Molinos Cti Para La Produccion Artesanal De Harina De Sorgo, Vilma Ruth Calderón De Zacatares, Lily Marisol López, Kris Emillee Duville, Carla Elizabeth Bermúdez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El aprovechamiento del sorgo para la alimentación humana permite agregar valor al cultivo y aumentar su rentabilidad, especialmente para pequeños y medianos productores, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en El Salvador. El CENTA esta promoviendo el cultivo del sorgo como una alternativa para la produccion de alimentos en las areas rurales y urbanas. Desde 2010 cuando el trigo bajo de precio nuevamente, dejo de ser una alternativa para la sustitucion por sorgo en ciertos tipos de alimentos, pero se esta utilizando en mercados mas estables, como personas alergicas al gluten, personas diabéticas y para corregir deficiencias nutricionales como …

Cambio Climático Reduciría Cultivos: El País Vería Una Baja De Entre Un 20% Y 50% En El Rendimiento Del Frijol, Maíz Y Sorgo, Por El Incremento En Las Temperaturas, Según Un Informe De La Universidad Estatal De Kansas, Rosa María Pastrán

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

El aumento de la temperatura que se producirá en los próximos 50 años, a consecuencia del cambio climático, provocaría una reducción en la producción de granos básicos en El Salvador, según un estudio del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad Estatal de Kansas, Estados Unidos.

En el caso de El Salvador, la investigación encontró que la temperatura actual incrementará entre 3 y 5 grados centígrados (°C). Este aumento afectará, de manera progresiva, el rendimiento de cultivos como frijol, maíz y sorgo, de acuerdo con lo que explicó el profesor Vara Prasad, quien presentó el estudio en el país.

El cultivo …

Separation Of Alcohol Soluble Sorghum Proteins Using Non-Porous Cation-Exchange Columns, Deidre L. Blackwell, Scott R. Bean

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Kafirins, the storage proteins and major protein of the cereal grain sorghum, play an important nutritional role for millions of people in parts of Africa and Asia. Kafirins are non-water soluble, being soluble only in the presence of detergents or aqueous alcohol mixtures and are among the most hydrophobic of the cereal proteins. Limited M_w heterogeneity of kafirins reduces their resolution when separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Charge based separation techniques have been shown to have improved resolution of kafirins, but due to the nature of their solubility, ion-exchange (IE)-HPLC has not been widely used to …

Characterization Of Sorghum Grain And Evaluation Of Sorghum Flour In A Chinese Egg Noodle System, Liman Liu, Thomas J. Herald, Donghai Wang, Jeff D. Wilson, Scott R. Bean, Fadi M. Aramouni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sorghum is a gluten free grain that has potential to be used as an alternative to wheat flour for the Celiac Sprue market. There are thousands of sorghum lines that have not been characterized for grain, flour or end product quality. The objective of the research was to gain an understanding among grain sorghum quality factors and Chinese egg noodles quality. Four sorghum hybrids were characterized and evaluated for kernel characteristics, proximate analysis, flour composition and end product in a Chinese egg noodle system. Kernel size and weight affected the flour particle size and the amount of starch damage. Flour …

Varietal Release History (2006-2012) Of Intsormil-Supported Nars Breeding Programs, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Spreadsheet of varietal release history for sorghum and pearl millet, by year, of INTSORMIL-supported national agricultural research systems breeding programs. Includes country, name of variety, on-farm yield, yield of local check variety, amount of seed produced (including breeder and whether Basic/Foundation certified), qualities other than yield (such as drought tolerance, forage quality, food type, etc.), and additional comments, such as whether birds will attack the crop at a particular time during the growing process, etc.

Country data for: Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Uganda, Zambia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Sorgo Sureño Normal: El Sorgo Tradicional De Honduras De Doble Proposito, Alberto Morán Araujo, Miriam Villeda

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Origen: En Honduras, el Sorgo Sureño Normal ingresó a la estación experimental La Lujosa, en Choluteca, en el año de 1982, por medio del vivero de resistencia a l a i n t e m p e r i e , d o n d e s e seleccionó por su rendimiento, adaptación y calidad tortillera.

El Sorgo Sureño Normal fue liberado por la Secretaría de Recursos Naturales (SRN) y el Programa Internacional de Sorgo y Mijo (INTSORMIL) en 1985.

Adaptación: Sureño Normal se adapta a climas secos y calientes, suelos pobres, en condiciones de sequía y exceso de humedad …

Sorgo Dicta - 10 Bmr: Sorgo De Doble Propósito Especial Para Ensilaje, Alberto Morán Araujo, Miriam Villeda

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

La Dirección de Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (DICTA), con el propósito de mejorar la productividad de la ganadería en Honduras, produce la variedad de sorgo DICTA‐10 BMR.

Con esta variedad de sorgo, DICTA contribuye con la seguridad alimentaria de las familias productoras, de escasos recursos.

Esta variedad proviene de la variedad de sorgo CENTA S2 a la que se le introdujeron los genes “BMR 12,” cuya característica más evidente es que la vena central de las hojas es de color café.

Este sorgo de nervadura marrón o BMR (Brown Middle Rib) se caracteriza por tener contenidos bajos de lignina.

El …

“Manual Para La Molienda De Sorgo O Maicillo, Usando Molinos Cti De Discos”, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

IMPORTANCIA EN LA NUTRICIÓN Y SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA

Los molinos CTI fueron introducidos por la ONG Tecnologia compatible internacional en el ano 2009, con la ayuda del proyecto CENTA‐INTSORMIL/USAID, para facilitar los procesos de molienda de granos en El Salvador, en especial para ser utilizados en la molienda de sorgo o maicillo. Existen ya un aproximado de 12 molinos en el país, los cuales están siendo utilizados por asociaciones de productores de sorgo, cooperativas, asociaciones de mujeres rurales, pequeñas empresas de alimentos y personas particulares, para la elaboración de diversos productos alimenticios, los cuales son usados para la alimentación familiar o …

The Economic Impact Of The New Insensitive Sorghum Cultivars In The Dairy Market Of Nicaragua, Gabriel Garcia Gomez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

This thesis estimates the benefits and returns to consumers, processors, producers and society of the new insensitive sorghum cultivars used for the dairy production in Nicaraguan. Many dairy producers also sell their grain so sorghum production is a multi-product activity.

The breeding project of INTA developed cultivars for simultaneous use in dairy and grain production. Its first release was Pinolero-1 developed during the Nicaraguan civil war. This cultivar was rapidly adopted by farmers after the end of the war in 1990. Subsequently, five more new cultivars have been released. We consider their combined effects.

Through field surveys, we calculated the …

Identification And Characterization Of Four Missense Mutations In Brown Midrib 12 (Bmr12), The Caffeic O-Methyltranferase (Comt) Of Sorghum, Scott E. Sattler, Nathan A. Palmer, Ana Saballos, Ann M. Greene, Zhanguo Xin, Gautam Sarath, Wilfred Vermerris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modifying lignin content and composition are targets to improve bioenergy crops for cellulosic conversion to biofuels. In sorghum and other C4 grasses, the brown midrib mutants have been shown to reduce lignin content and alter its composition. Bmr12 encodes the sorghum caffeic O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. From an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population, four bmr12 mutants were isolated. DNA sequencing identified the four missense mutations in the Bmr12 coding region, which changed evolutionarily conserved amino acids Ala71Val, Pro150Leu, Gly225Asp, and Gly325Ser. The previously characterized bmr12 mutants all contain premature stop codons. These newly identified mutants, along …

Modulation Of Kernel Storage Proteins In Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), Tejinder Kumar, Ismail M. Dweikat, Shirley Sato, Zhengxiang Ge, Natalya Nersesian, Han Chen, Thomas Elthon, Scott Bean, Brian P. Ioerger, Mike Tilley, Thomas E. Clemente

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sorghum prolamins, termed kafirins, are categorized into subgroups α, β, and γ. The kafirins are co-translationally translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they are assembled into discrete protein bodies that tend to be poorly digestible with low functionality in food and feed applications. As a means to address the issues surrounding functionality and digestibility in sorghum, we employed a biotechnology approach that is designed to alter protein body structure, with the concomitant synthesis of a co-protein in the endosperm fraction of the grain. Wherein perturbation of protein body architecture may provide a route to impact digestibility by reducing disulphide …