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- Ulva prolifera (2)
- 13C (1)
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- Adults and juvenile specimens (1)
- Air-sea carbon dioxide flux (1)
- Albedo sensitivity (1)
- Anelloviridae (1)
- Arthropod (1)
- Autonomous underwater vehicle (1)
- Bacteriophage (1)
- Bed forms (1)
- Bio-optical sensors (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
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- Biogeochemical floats (1)
- Biomass (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Virus Discovery In All Three Major Lineages Of Terrestrial Arthropods Highlights The Diversity Of Single-Stranded Dna Viruses Associated With Invertebrates, Karyna Rosario, Kaitlin Mettel, Bayleigh Benner, Ryan Johnson, Catherine Scott, Sohath Yusseff-Vanegas, Christopher Baker, Deby Cassill, Caroline Storer, Arvind Varsani, Mya Breitbart
Virus Discovery In All Three Major Lineages Of Terrestrial Arthropods Highlights The Diversity Of Single-Stranded Dna Viruses Associated With Invertebrates, Karyna Rosario, Kaitlin Mettel, Bayleigh Benner, Ryan Johnson, Catherine Scott, Sohath Yusseff-Vanegas, Christopher Baker, Deby Cassill, Caroline Storer, Arvind Varsani, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Viruses encoding a replication-associated protein (Rep) within a covalently closed, single-stranded (ss)DNA genome are among the smallest viruses known to infect eukaryotic organisms, including economically valuable agricultural crops and livestock. Although circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS DNA) viruses are a widespread group for which our knowledge is rapidly expanding, biased sampling toward vertebrates and land plants has limited our understanding of their diversity and evolution. Here, we screened terrestrial arthropods for CRESS DNA viruses and report the identification of 44 viral genomes and replicons associated with specimens representing all three major terrestrial arthropod lineages, namely Euchelicerata (spiders), Hexapoda (insects), and Myriapoda …
Editorial: Organic Ligands – A Key Control On Trace Metal Biogeochemistry In The Ocean, Kristen N. Buck, Maeve Lohan, Sylvia Sander, Christel Hassler, Ivanka Pižeta
Editorial: Organic Ligands – A Key Control On Trace Metal Biogeochemistry In The Ocean, Kristen N. Buck, Maeve Lohan, Sylvia Sander, Christel Hassler, Ivanka Pižeta
Marine Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Reef Calcifiers Are Adapted To Episodic Heat Stress But Vulnerable To Sustained Warming, Marleen Stuhr, Claire E. Reymond, Vera Rieder, Pamela Hallock, Jörg Rahnenführer, Hildegard Westphal, Michal Kucera
Reef Calcifiers Are Adapted To Episodic Heat Stress But Vulnerable To Sustained Warming, Marleen Stuhr, Claire E. Reymond, Vera Rieder, Pamela Hallock, Jörg Rahnenführer, Hildegard Westphal, Michal Kucera
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Shallow marine ecosystems naturally experience fluctuating physicochemical conditions across spatial and temporal scales. Widespread coral-bleaching events, induced by prolonged heat stress, highlight the importance of how the duration and frequency of thermal stress influence the adaptive physiology of photosymbiotic calcifiers. Large benthic foraminifera harboring algal endosymbionts are major tropical carbonate producers and bioindicators of ecosystem health. Like corals, they are sensitive to thermal stress and bleach at temperatures temporarily occurring in their natural habitat and projected to happen more frequently. However, their thermal tolerance has been studied so far only by chronic exposure, so how they respond under more realistic …
Large-Scale Deposition Of Weathered Oil In The Gulf Of Mexico Following A Deep-Water Oil Spill, Isabel Romero, Gerardo Toro-Farmer, Arne R. Diercks, Patrick Schwing, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Steven Murawski, David Hollander
Large-Scale Deposition Of Weathered Oil In The Gulf Of Mexico Following A Deep-Water Oil Spill, Isabel Romero, Gerardo Toro-Farmer, Arne R. Diercks, Patrick Schwing, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Steven Murawski, David Hollander
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) drilling rig in 2010 released an unprecedented amount of oil at depth (1,500 m) into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Sedimentary geochemical data from an extensive area (∼194,000 km2) was used to characterize the amount, chemical signature, distribution, and extent of the DWH oil deposited on the seafloor in 2010–2011 from coastal to deep-sea areas in the GoM. The analysis of numerous hydrocarbon compounds (N = 158) and sediment cores (N = 2,613) suggests that, 1.9 ± 0.9 × 104 metric tons of hydrocarbons (>C9 saturated and aromatic fractions) were deposited in …
Optical Backscattering Measured By Airborne Lidar And Underwater Glider, James H. Churnside, Richard D. Marchbanks, Chad Lembke, Jordon Beckler
Optical Backscattering Measured By Airborne Lidar And Underwater Glider, James H. Churnside, Richard D. Marchbanks, Chad Lembke, Jordon Beckler
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The optical backscattering from particles in the ocean is an important quantity that has been measured by remote sensing techniques and in situ instruments. In this paper, we compare estimates of this quantity from airborne lidar with those from an in situ instrument on an underwater glider. Both of these technologies allow much denser sampling of backscatter profiles than traditional ship surveys. We found a moderate correlation (R = 0.28, p < 10−5), with differences that are partially explained by spatial and temporal sampling mismatches, variability in particle composition, and lidar retrieval errors. The data suggest that there are two …
Krillbase: A Circumpolar Database Of Antarctic Krill And Salp Numerical Densities, 1926–2016, Angus Atkinson, Siemon L. Hill, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Volker Siegel, Ricardo Anadon, Sanae Chiba, Kendra L. Daly, Rod Downie, Sophie Fielding
Krillbase: A Circumpolar Database Of Antarctic Krill And Salp Numerical Densities, 1926–2016, Angus Atkinson, Siemon L. Hill, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Volker Siegel, Ricardo Anadon, Sanae Chiba, Kendra L. Daly, Rod Downie, Sophie Fielding
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and salps are major macroplankton contributors to Southern Ocean food webs and krill are also fished commercially. Managing this fishery sustainably, against a backdrop of rapid regional climate change, requires information on distribution and time trends. Many data on the abundance of both taxa have been obtained from net sampling surveys since 1926, but much of this is stored in national archives, sometimes only in notebooks. In order to make these important data accessible we have collated available abundance data (numerical density, no. m−2 ) of postlarval E. superba and salp individual (multiple …
The Experimental Flow To The Colorado River Delta: Effects On Carbon Mobilization In A Dry Watercourse, Thomas S. Bianchi, David Butman, Peter A. Raymond, Nicholas D. Ward, Rory J. Kates, Karl W. Flessa, Hector Zamora, Ana Arellano, Jorge Ramirez, Eliana Rodriguez
The Experimental Flow To The Colorado River Delta: Effects On Carbon Mobilization In A Dry Watercourse, Thomas S. Bianchi, David Butman, Peter A. Raymond, Nicholas D. Ward, Rory J. Kates, Karl W. Flessa, Hector Zamora, Ana Arellano, Jorge Ramirez, Eliana Rodriguez
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Here we report on the effects of an experimental flood on the carbon cycling dynamics in the dry watercourse of the Colorado River in Mexico. We observed post-flood differences in the degree of decay, age, and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations throughout the study site. Our results indicate that this flooded waterway was a limited source of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere during the event and that DOC age increased with time of flooding. Based on our findings, we suggest that the interplay between storage and …
Permafrost Organic Carbon Mobilization From The Watershed To The Colville River Delta: Evidence From 14C Ramped Pyrolysis And Lignin Biomarkers, Xiaowen Zhang, Thomas S. Bianchi, Xingqian Cui, Brad E. Rosenheim, Chien-Lu Ping, Andrea J. M. Hanna, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Kathryn M. Schreiner, Mead A. Allison
Permafrost Organic Carbon Mobilization From The Watershed To The Colville River Delta: Evidence From 14C Ramped Pyrolysis And Lignin Biomarkers, Xiaowen Zhang, Thomas S. Bianchi, Xingqian Cui, Brad E. Rosenheim, Chien-Lu Ping, Andrea J. M. Hanna, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Kathryn M. Schreiner, Mead A. Allison
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The deposition of terrestrial-derived permafrost particulate organic carbon (POC) has been recorded in major Arctic river deltas. However, associated transport pathways of permafrost POC from the watershed to the coast have not been well constrained. Here we utilized a combination of ramped pyrolysis-oxidation radiocarbon analysis (RPO 14C) along with lignin biomarkers, to track the linkages between soils and river and delta sediments. Surface and deep soils showed distinct RPO thermographs which may be related to degradation and organo-mineral interaction. Soil material in the bed load of the river channel was mostly derived from deep old permafrost. Both surface and …
Biogeochemical Sensor Performance In The Soccom Profiling Float Array, Kenneth S. Johnson, Joshua N. Plant, Luke J. Coletti, Hans W. Jannasch, Carole M. Sakamoto, Stephen C. Riser, Dana D. Swift, Nancy L. Williams, Emmanuel Boss, Nils Haëntjens, Lynne D. Talley, Jorge L. Sarmiento
Biogeochemical Sensor Performance In The Soccom Profiling Float Array, Kenneth S. Johnson, Joshua N. Plant, Luke J. Coletti, Hans W. Jannasch, Carole M. Sakamoto, Stephen C. Riser, Dana D. Swift, Nancy L. Williams, Emmanuel Boss, Nils Haëntjens, Lynne D. Talley, Jorge L. Sarmiento
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program has begun deploying a large array of biogeochemical sensors on profiling floats in the Southern Ocean. As of February 2016, 86 floats have been deployed. Here the focus is on 56 floats with quality-controlled and adjusted data that have been in the water at least 6 months. The floats carry oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, and optical backscatter sensors. The raw data generated by these sensors can suffer from inaccurate initial calibrations and from sensor drift over time. Procedures to correct the data are defined. The initial accuracy of …
Local And Regional Stressors Interact To Drive A Salinization-Induced Outbreak Of Predators On Oyster Reefs, David L. Kimbro, J. Wilson White, Hanna Tillotson, Nikkie Cox, Megan Christopher, Owen Stokes-Cawley, Samantha Yuan, Timothy J. Pusack, Christopher D. Stallings
Local And Regional Stressors Interact To Drive A Salinization-Induced Outbreak Of Predators On Oyster Reefs, David L. Kimbro, J. Wilson White, Hanna Tillotson, Nikkie Cox, Megan Christopher, Owen Stokes-Cawley, Samantha Yuan, Timothy J. Pusack, Christopher D. Stallings
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Predator outbreaks are predicted to increasingly decimate economically and ecologically important prey populations because global climate change and food-web modifications frequently facilitate predators and stress prey. Natural systems are organized hierarchically, with processes operating at multiple scales giving rise to patterns of biodiversity, so predicting and managing outbreaks requires a framework that accounts for the effects of both local and regional stressors. Here, we used the comparative experimental approach to investigate whether the collapse of a nationally important oyster fishery in the Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola Bay, Florida) could have been (1) caused proximally by a predator outbreak and (2) …
Cloud And Sun-Glint Statistics Derived From Goes And Modis Observations Over The Intra-Americas Sea For Geo-Cape Mission Planning, Lian Feng, Chuanmin Hu, Brian B. Barnes, Antonio Mannino, Andrew K. Heidinger, Kathleen Strabala, Laura T. Iraci
Cloud And Sun-Glint Statistics Derived From Goes And Modis Observations Over The Intra-Americas Sea For Geo-Cape Mission Planning, Lian Feng, Chuanmin Hu, Brian B. Barnes, Antonio Mannino, Andrew K. Heidinger, Kathleen Strabala, Laura T. Iraci
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Knowledge of cloud cover, frequency, and duration is not only important to study cloud dynamics, but also critical in determining when and where to take ocean measurements from geostationary orbits such as the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission due to the challenges in achieving complete hemispheric coverage of coastal oceans, estuaries, and inland waters at hourly frequency. Using GOES hourly measurements at 4 km nadir resolution between 2006 and 2011, the number of cloud-free hourly observations per day (Ncf) for solar zenith angle θo < 80° was estimated for each 0.1° location of the Intra-Americas Sea. The number of Sun-glint-affected hourly observations per day (Nsg) was also calculated based on the …
Limited Grounding-Line Advance Onto The West Antarctic Continental Shelf In The Easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment During The Last Glacial Period, Johann P. Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James A. Smith, Alastair G. C. Graham, Frank O. Nitsche, Thomas Frederichs, Patrycja E. Jernas, Karsten Gohl, Lukas Wacker
Limited Grounding-Line Advance Onto The West Antarctic Continental Shelf In The Easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment During The Last Glacial Period, Johann P. Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James A. Smith, Alastair G. C. Graham, Frank O. Nitsche, Thomas Frederichs, Patrycja E. Jernas, Karsten Gohl, Lukas Wacker
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Precise knowledge about the extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; c. 26.5–19 cal. ka BP) is important in order to 1) improve paleo-ice sheet reconstructions, 2) provide a robust empirical framework for calibrating paleo-ice sheet models, and 3) locate potential shelf refugia for Antarctic benthos during the last glacial period. However, reliable reconstructions are still lacking for many WAIS sectors, particularly for key areas on the outer continental shelf, where the LGM-ice sheet is assumed to have terminated. In many areas of the outer continental shelf around Antarctica, direct geological data for …
Major Advance Of South Georgia Glaciers During The Antarctic Cold Reversal Following Extensive Sub-Antarctic Glaciation, Alastair G. C. Graham, Gerhard Kuhn, Ove Meisel, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Dominic A. Hodgson, Werner Ehrmann, Lukas Wacker, Paul Wintersteller, Santos Ferreira, Dos Santos Ferreira, Miriam Römer, Duanne White, Gerhard Bohrmann
Major Advance Of South Georgia Glaciers During The Antarctic Cold Reversal Following Extensive Sub-Antarctic Glaciation, Alastair G. C. Graham, Gerhard Kuhn, Ove Meisel, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Dominic A. Hodgson, Werner Ehrmann, Lukas Wacker, Paul Wintersteller, Santos Ferreira, Dos Santos Ferreira, Miriam Römer, Duanne White, Gerhard Bohrmann
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The history of glaciations on Southern Hemisphere sub-polar islands is unclear. Debate surrounds the extent and timing of the last glacial advance and termination on sub-Antarctic South Georgia in particular. Here, using sea-floor geophysical data and marine sediment cores, we resolve the record of glaciation offshore of South Georgia through the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene. We show a sea-bed landform imprint of a shelf-wide last glacial advance and progressive deglaciation. Renewed glacier resurgence in the fjords between c. 15,170 and 13,340 yr ago coincided with a period of cooler, wetter climate known as the Antarctic Cold …
Importance Of Lateral Flux And Its Percolation Depth On Organic Carbon Export In Arctic Tundra Soil: Implications From A Soil Leaching Experiment, Xiaowen Zhang, Jack A. Hutchings, Thomas S. Bianchi, Yina Liu, Ana Arellano, Edward A. Schuur
Importance Of Lateral Flux And Its Percolation Depth On Organic Carbon Export In Arctic Tundra Soil: Implications From A Soil Leaching Experiment, Xiaowen Zhang, Jack A. Hutchings, Thomas S. Bianchi, Yina Liu, Ana Arellano, Edward A. Schuur
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Temperature rise in the Arctic is causing deepening of active layers and resulting in the mobilization of deep permafrost dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the mechanisms of DOM mobilization from Arctic soils, especially upper soil horizons which are drained most frequently through a year, are poorly understood. Here we conducted a short-term leaching experiment on surface and deep organic active layer soils, from the Yukon River basin, to examine the effects of DOM transport on bulk and molecular characteristics. Our data showed a net release of DOM from surface soils equal to an average of 5% of soil carbon. Conversely, …
The Periodic Topography Of Ice Stream Beds: Insights From The Fourier Spectra Of Mega-Scale Glacial Lineations, Matteo Spagnolo, Timothy C. Bartholomaus, Chris D. Clark, Chris R. Stokes, Nigel Atkinson, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Jeremy C. Ely, Alastair G. C. Graham, Kelly A. Hogan, Edward C. King, Robert D. Larter, Stephen J. Livingstone, Hamish D. Pritchard
The Periodic Topography Of Ice Stream Beds: Insights From The Fourier Spectra Of Mega-Scale Glacial Lineations, Matteo Spagnolo, Timothy C. Bartholomaus, Chris D. Clark, Chris R. Stokes, Nigel Atkinson, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Jeremy C. Ely, Alastair G. C. Graham, Kelly A. Hogan, Edward C. King, Robert D. Larter, Stephen J. Livingstone, Hamish D. Pritchard
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Ice stream bed topography contains key evidence for the ways ice streams interact with, and are potentially controlled by, their beds. Here we present the first application of two-dimensional Fourier analysis to 22 marine and terrestrial topographies from 5 regions in Antarctica and Canada, with and without mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs). We find that the topography of MSGL-rich ice stream sedimentary beds is characterized by multiple, periodic wavelengths between 300 and 1200 m and amplitudes from decimeters to a few meters. This periodic topography is consistent with the idea that instability is a key element to the formation of MSGL …
Challenges In Methane Column Retrievals From Aviris-Ng Imagery Over Spectrally Cluttered Surfaces: A Sensitivity Analysis, Minwei Zhang, Ira Leifer, Chuanmin Hu
Challenges In Methane Column Retrievals From Aviris-Ng Imagery Over Spectrally Cluttered Surfaces: A Sensitivity Analysis, Minwei Zhang, Ira Leifer, Chuanmin Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A comparison between efforts to detect methane anomalies by a simple band ratio approach from the Airborne Visual Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Classic (AVIRIS-C) data for the Kern Front oil field, Central California, and the Coal Oil Point marine hydrocarbon seep field, offshore southern California, was conducted. The detection succeeded for the marine source and failed for the terrestrial source, despite these sources being of comparable strength. Scene differences were investigated in higher spectral and spatial resolution collected by the AVIRIS-C successor instrument, AVIRIS Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), by a sensitivity study. Sensitivity to factors including water vapor, aerosol, planetary boundary layer (PBL) …
Spatial Variability Of Spanish Sardine (Sardinella Aurita) Abundance As Related To The Upwelling Cycle Off The Southeastern Caribbean Sea, Digna Rueda-Roa, Jeremy Mendoza, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Juan José Cárdenas, Alina Achury, Yrene Astor
Spatial Variability Of Spanish Sardine (Sardinella Aurita) Abundance As Related To The Upwelling Cycle Off The Southeastern Caribbean Sea, Digna Rueda-Roa, Jeremy Mendoza, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Juan José Cárdenas, Alina Achury, Yrene Astor
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Sardinella aurita fishery off northeastern Venezuela, region of seasonal wind-driven coastal-upwelling, accounts for 90% of the Caribbean Sea small pelagic catch. This law-protected artisanal fishery takes place up to ∼10 km offshore. The spatial distribution, number of schools, and biomass of S. aurita were studied using eight hydro-acoustic surveys (1995-1998). The study included the analysis of satellite-derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a. Surveys were grouped by strong, weak, and transitional upwelling seasons. Relationships between these observations were analyzed using Generalized Additive Models. Results show that during the primary upwelling season (January-May) sardines were widely distributed in upwelling plumes that …
Evaluation Of Filtration And Dna Extraction Methods For Environmental Dna Biodiversity Assessments Across Multiple Trophic Levels, Anni Djurhuus, Jesse Port, Collin Closek, Kevan Yamahara, Ofelia Romero-Maraccini, Kristine Walz, Dawn Goldsmith, Reiko Michisaki, Mya Breitbart, Alexandria Boehm, Francisco Chavez
Evaluation Of Filtration And Dna Extraction Methods For Environmental Dna Biodiversity Assessments Across Multiple Trophic Levels, Anni Djurhuus, Jesse Port, Collin Closek, Kevan Yamahara, Ofelia Romero-Maraccini, Kristine Walz, Dawn Goldsmith, Reiko Michisaki, Mya Breitbart, Alexandria Boehm, Francisco Chavez
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Metabarcoding of marine environmental DNA (eDNA), originating from tissue, cells, or extracellular DNA, offers the opportunity to survey the biological composition of communities across multiple trophic levels from a non-invasive seawater sample. Here we compare results of eDNA metabarcoding of multiple trophic levels from individual seawater samples collected from a kelp forest in Monterey Bay, California in order to establish methods for future cross-trophic level eDNA analysis. Triplicate 1 L water samples were filtered using five different 47 mm diameter membrane filters (PVDF, PES, GFF, PCTE, and NC) and DNA was extracted from triplicates of each filter-type using three widely-used …
Isolation And Characterization Of A Shewanella Phage–Host System From The Gut Of The Tunicate, Ciona Intestinalis, Brittany Leigh, Charlotte Karrer, John P. Cannon, Mya Breitbart, Larry J. Dishaw
Isolation And Characterization Of A Shewanella Phage–Host System From The Gut Of The Tunicate, Ciona Intestinalis, Brittany Leigh, Charlotte Karrer, John P. Cannon, Mya Breitbart, Larry J. Dishaw
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Outnumbering all other biological entities on earth, bacteriophages (phages) play critical roles in structuring microbial communities through bacterial infection and subsequent lysis, as well as through horizontal gene transfer. While numerous studies have examined the effects of phages on free-living bacterial cells, much less is known regarding the role of phage infection in host-associated biofilms, which help to stabilize adherent microbial communities. Here we report the cultivation and characterization of a novel strain of Shewanella fidelis from the gut of the marine tunicate Ciona intestinalis, inducible prophages from the S. fidelis genome, and a strain-specific lytic phage recovered from surrounding …
Stable And Radiocarbon Isotopic Composition Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Gulf Of Mexico, B. D. Walker, E. R. M. Druffel, J. Kolasinski, B. J. Roberts, X. Xu, B. E. Rosenheim
Stable And Radiocarbon Isotopic Composition Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Gulf Of Mexico, B. D. Walker, E. R. M. Druffel, J. Kolasinski, B. J. Roberts, X. Xu, B. E. Rosenheim
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is of primary importance to marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Stable carbon (δ13C) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) isotopic measurements are powerful tools for evaluating DOC sources and cycling. However, the isotopic signature of DOC in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) remains almost completely unknown. Here we present the first DOC Δ14C and δ13C depth profiles from the GOM. Our results suggest the Mississippi River exports large amounts of DOC with an anthropogenic “bomb” Δ14C signature. Riverine DOC is removed and recycled offshore, and some marine …
Evolving Academic Culture To Meet Societal Needs, Kateryna Wowk, Larry Mckinney, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Russell Moll, Susan Avery, Elva Escobar-Briones, David Yoskowitz, Richard Mclaughlin
Evolving Academic Culture To Meet Societal Needs, Kateryna Wowk, Larry Mckinney, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Russell Moll, Susan Avery, Elva Escobar-Briones, David Yoskowitz, Richard Mclaughlin
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Given today's complex societal challenges, academia should work better with government, industry and others in offering innovative solutions that benefit our society, economy and environment. Researchers across disciplines must work together and with decision-makers to understand how science can have better on-The-ground impacts toward longer-Term, resilient societal outcomes. This includes, for example, by working with end-users in problem formation and throughout research projects to ensure decision-making needs are being met, and by linking physical science to additional fields like economics, risk communication or psychology. However, persistent barriers to collaborating across disciplines and with external decision-makers remain. Despite decades of studies …
Virus Taxonomy In The Age Of Metagenomics, Peter Simmonds, Mike Adams, Mária Benkő, Mya Breitbart, J. Rodney Brister, Eric Carstens
Virus Taxonomy In The Age Of Metagenomics, Peter Simmonds, Mike Adams, Mária Benkő, Mya Breitbart, J. Rodney Brister, Eric Carstens
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The number and diversity of viral sequences that are identified in metagenomic data far exceeds that of experimentally characterized virus isolates. In a recent workshop, a panel of experts discussed the proposal that, with appropriate quality control, viruses that are known only from metagenomic data can, and should be, incorporated into the official classification scheme of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Although a taxonomy that is based on metagenomic sequence data alone represents a substantial departure from the traditional reliance on phenotypic properties, the development of a robust framework for sequence-based virus taxonomy is indispensable for the …
Calculating Surface Ocean Pco2 From Biogeochemical Argo Floats Equipped With Ph: An Uncertainty Analysis, N. L. Williams, L. W. Juranek, R. A. Feely, K. S. Johnson, J. L. Sarmiento, L. D. Talley, A. G. Dickson, A. R. Gray, R. Wanninkhof, J. L. Russell, S. C. Riser, Y. Takeshita
Calculating Surface Ocean Pco2 From Biogeochemical Argo Floats Equipped With Ph: An Uncertainty Analysis, N. L. Williams, L. W. Juranek, R. A. Feely, K. S. Johnson, J. L. Sarmiento, L. D. Talley, A. G. Dickson, A. R. Gray, R. Wanninkhof, J. L. Russell, S. C. Riser, Y. Takeshita
Marine Science Faculty Publications
More than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2sw) from float pH has uncertainty contributions from the pH sensor, the alkalinity estimate, and carbonate system equilibrium constants, resulting in a relative standard uncertainty in pCO2sw of 2.7% (or 11 µatm at pCO2sw of 400 µatm). The calculated pCO2sw from several floats spanning a range of oceanographic regimes are compared to existing climatologies. In some locations, such as the …
Floating Algae Blooms In The East China Sea, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Mengqiu Wang, Shaoling Shang, Cara Wilson
Floating Algae Blooms In The East China Sea, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Mengqiu Wang, Shaoling Shang, Cara Wilson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A floating algae bloom in the East China Sea was observed in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery in May 2017. Using satellite imagery from MODIS, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Ocean Land Imager, and combined with numerical particle tracing experiments and laboratory experiments, we examined the history of this bloom as well as similar blooms in previous years and attempted to trace the bloom source and identify the algae type. Results suggest that one bloom origin is offshore Zhejiang coast where algae slicks have appeared in satellite imagery almost every February–March since 2012. Following …
Estimating Particulate Inorganic Carbon Concentrations Of The Global Ocean From Ocean Color Measurements Using A Reflectance Difference Approach, C. Mitchell, C. Hu, B. Bowler, D. Drapeau, W. M. Balch
Estimating Particulate Inorganic Carbon Concentrations Of The Global Ocean From Ocean Color Measurements Using A Reflectance Difference Approach, C. Mitchell, C. Hu, B. Bowler, D. Drapeau, W. M. Balch
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A new algorithm for estimating particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) concentrations from ocean color measurements is presented. PIC plays an important role in the global carbon cycle through the oceanic carbonate pump, therefore accurate estimations of PIC concentrations from satellite remote sensing are crucial for observing changes on a global scale. An extensive global data set was created from field and satellite observations for investigating the relationship between PIC concentrations and differences in the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) wavebands. Three color indices were defined: two as the relative height of Rrs …
Requirement Of Minimal Signal-To-Noise Ratios Of Ocean Color Sensors And Uncertainties Of Ocean Color Products, Lin Qi, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Menghua Wang
Requirement Of Minimal Signal-To-Noise Ratios Of Ocean Color Sensors And Uncertainties Of Ocean Color Products, Lin Qi, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Menghua Wang
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using simulations, error propagation theory, and measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we determined the minimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for ocean color measurements and product uncertainties at different spatial and temporal scales. First, based on typical top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance over the ocean, we evaluate the uncertainties in satellite-derived Rrs in the visible wavelengths (ΔRrs(vis)) due to sensor noise in both the near-infrared (NIR) and the visible bands. While the former induces noise in Rrs(vis) through atmospheric correction, the latter has a direct impact on Rrs(vis). Such estimated uncertainties are …
Remote Estimation Of Biomass Of Ulva Prolifera Macroalgae In The Yellow Sea, Lianbo Hu, Chuanmin Hu, He Ming-Xia
Remote Estimation Of Biomass Of Ulva Prolifera Macroalgae In The Yellow Sea, Lianbo Hu, Chuanmin Hu, He Ming-Xia
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Since 2008, macroalgal blooms of Ulva prolifera (also called green tides) occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea (YS), causing environmental and economic problems. A number of studies have used satellite observations to estimate the severity of the blooms through estimating the bloom size and duration. However, a critical bloom parameter, namely biomass, has never been objectively determined due to lack of measurements. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to measure U. prolifera biomass (wet weight) per unit area and the corresponding spectral reflectance, through which a robust relationship has been established to link biomass per area to …
Remote-Sensing Estimation Of Phytoplankton Size Classes From Goci Satellite Measurements In Bohai Sea And Yellow Sea, Deyong Sun, Yu Huan, Zhongfeng Qiu, Chuanmin Hu, Shengqiang Wang, Yijun He
Remote-Sensing Estimation Of Phytoplankton Size Classes From Goci Satellite Measurements In Bohai Sea And Yellow Sea, Deyong Sun, Yu Huan, Zhongfeng Qiu, Chuanmin Hu, Shengqiang Wang, Yijun He
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Phytoplankton size class (PSC), a measure of different phytoplankton functional and structural groups, is a key parameter to the understanding of many marine ecological and biogeochemical processes. In turbid waters where optical properties may be influenced by terrigenous discharge and nonphytoplankton water constituents, remote estimation of PSC is still a challenging task. Here based on measurements of phytoplankton diagnostic pigments, total chlorophyll a, and spectral reflectance in turbid waters of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea during summer 2015, a customized model is developed and validated to estimate PSC in the two semienclosed seas. Five diagnostic pigments determined through high-performance …
Land Adjacency Effects On Modis Aqua Top-Of-Atmosphere Radiance In The Shortwave Infrared: Statistical Assessment And Correction, Lian Feng, Chuanmin Hu
Land Adjacency Effects On Modis Aqua Top-Of-Atmosphere Radiance In The Shortwave Infrared: Statistical Assessment And Correction, Lian Feng, Chuanmin Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Satellite measurements of coastal or inland waters near land/water interfaces suffer from land adjacency effects (LAEs), particularly in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. Here a statistical method was developed to quantify the LAEs as the ratio of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) total radiance (Lt, W m−2 µm−1 sr−1) between near-shore pixels and LAE-free offshore pixels (>12 pixels away from land). The calculations were conducted using MODIS Aqua images between 2003 and 2012 over the Madagascar Island, with results showing the dependency of LAEs on different environmental and observational factors. The LAEs decrease dramatically with increasing …
Satellite Observation Of Particulate Organic Carbon Dynamics On The Louisiana Continental Shelf, Chengfeng Le, John C. Lehrter, Chuanmin Hu, Hugh Macintyre, Marcus W. Beck
Satellite Observation Of Particulate Organic Carbon Dynamics On The Louisiana Continental Shelf, Chengfeng Le, John C. Lehrter, Chuanmin Hu, Hugh Macintyre, Marcus W. Beck
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Particulate organic carbon (POC) plays an important role in coastal carbon cycling and the formation of hypoxia. Yet, coastal POC dynamics are often poorly understood due to a lack of long-term POC observations and the complexity of coastal hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes that influence POC sources and sinks. Using field observations and satellite ocean color products, we developed a new multiple regression algorithm to estimate POC on the Louisiana Continental Shelf (LCS) from satellite observations. The algorithm had reliable performance with mean relative error (MRE) of ∼40% and root mean square error (RMSE) of ∼50% for MODIS and SeaWiFS images …