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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Understanding Of Contemporary Regional Sea-Level Change And The Implications For The Future, Benjamin D. Hamlington, Alex S. Gardner, Erik Ivins, Jan T. Lenaerts, J. T. Reager, David S. Trossman, Edward D. Zaron, Surendra Adhikari, Anthony Arendt, Andy Aschwanden, Brian D. Beckley, David P. Bekaert, Geoffrey Blewitt, Lambert Caron, Don P. Chambers, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, Knut Christianson, Beata Csatho, Richard I. Cullather, Robert M. Deconto, John T. Fasullo, Thomas Frederikse, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Daniel M. Gilford, Manuela Girotto, William C. Hammond, Regine Hock, Nicholas Holschuh, Robert E. Kopp, Felix Landerer, Eric Larour, Dimitris Menemenlis, Mark Merrifield, Jerry X. Mitrovica, R. Steven Nerem, Isabel J. Nias, Veronica Nieves, Sophie Nowicki, Kishore Pangaluru, Christopher G. Piecuch, Richard D. Ray, David R. Rounce, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Hélène Seroussi, Manoochehr Shirzaei, William V. Sweet, Isabella Velicogna, Nadya Vinogradova, Thomas Wahl, David N. Wiese, Michael J. Willis
Understanding Of Contemporary Regional Sea-Level Change And The Implications For The Future, Benjamin D. Hamlington, Alex S. Gardner, Erik Ivins, Jan T. Lenaerts, J. T. Reager, David S. Trossman, Edward D. Zaron, Surendra Adhikari, Anthony Arendt, Andy Aschwanden, Brian D. Beckley, David P. Bekaert, Geoffrey Blewitt, Lambert Caron, Don P. Chambers, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, Knut Christianson, Beata Csatho, Richard I. Cullather, Robert M. Deconto, John T. Fasullo, Thomas Frederikse, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Daniel M. Gilford, Manuela Girotto, William C. Hammond, Regine Hock, Nicholas Holschuh, Robert E. Kopp, Felix Landerer, Eric Larour, Dimitris Menemenlis, Mark Merrifield, Jerry X. Mitrovica, R. Steven Nerem, Isabel J. Nias, Veronica Nieves, Sophie Nowicki, Kishore Pangaluru, Christopher G. Piecuch, Richard D. Ray, David R. Rounce, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Hélène Seroussi, Manoochehr Shirzaei, William V. Sweet, Isabella Velicogna, Nadya Vinogradova, Thomas Wahl, David N. Wiese, Michael J. Willis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world. With improvements to the sea-level observing system, the knowledge of regional sea-level change has advanced dramatically in recent years. Satellite measurements coupled with in situ observations have allowed for comprehensive study and improved understanding of the diverse set of drivers that lead to variations in sea level in space and time. Despite the advances, gaps in the understanding of contemporary sea-level change remain and inhibit the ability to predict how the …
A 3,000‐Year Lag Between The Geological And Ecological Shutdown Of Florida's Coral Reefs, Lauren T. Toth, Isla B. Kuffner, Anastasios Stathakopoulos, Eugene Shinn
A 3,000‐Year Lag Between The Geological And Ecological Shutdown Of Florida's Coral Reefs, Lauren T. Toth, Isla B. Kuffner, Anastasios Stathakopoulos, Eugene Shinn
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The global‐scale degradation of coral reefs has reached a critical threshold wherein further declines threaten both ecological functionality and the persistence of reef structure. Geological records can provide valuable insights into the long‐term controls on reef development that may be key to solving the modern coral‐reef crisis. Our analyses of new and existing coral‐reef cores from throughout the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) revealed significant spatial and temporal variability in reef development during the Holocene. Whereas maximum Holocene reef thickness in the Dry Tortugas was comparable to elsewhere in the western Atlantic, most of Florida's reefs had relatively thin accumulations …
Climate-Change–Driven Accelerated Sea-Level Rise Detected In The Altimeter Era, R. S. Nerem, B. D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B. D. Hamlinigton, D. Masters, Gary T. Mitchum
Climate-Change–Driven Accelerated Sea-Level Rise Detected In The Altimeter Era, R. S. Nerem, B. D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B. D. Hamlinigton, D. Masters, Gary T. Mitchum
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using a 25-y time series of precision satellite altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3, we estimate the climate-change–driven acceleration of global mean sea level over the last 25 y to be 0.084 ± 0.025 mm/y2. Coupled with the average climate-change–driven rate of sea level rise over these same 25 y of 2.9 mm/y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies global mean sea level could rise 65 ± 12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projections.
On The Ability Of Global Sea Level Reconstructions To Determine Trends And Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
On The Ability Of Global Sea Level Reconstructions To Determine Trends And Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We investigate how well methods based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) can reconstruct global mean sea level (GMSL). We first explore the analytical solution of the method and then perform a series of numerical experiments using modeled data. In addition, we present a new GMSL reconstruction for the period 1900–2011 computed both with and without a spatially uniform EOF (EOF0). The method without the EOF0 uses global information, which leads to a better reconstruction of the variability, though with some underestimation. The trend, however, is not captured, which motivates the use of the EOF0. When the EOF0 is used the …
Coherent Sea Level Variability On The North Atlantic Western Boundary, P. R. Thompson, G. T. Mitchum
Coherent Sea Level Variability On The North Atlantic Western Boundary, P. R. Thompson, G. T. Mitchum
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Interannual to decadal sea level variability on the North Atlantic western boundary is surprisingly coherent over substantial distances stretching from the Caribbean to Nova Scotia. The physical mechanisms responsible for this basin-scale, low-frequency coherence are explored in a diagnosis of simulated ocean fields from GECCO, which reproduces the observations to good approximation. Coastal sea level variability on the western boundary is known to be influenced by meridional divergence in the boundary current resulting in a geostrophic tilting of the sea surface. This mechanism is found to be of leading order along some stretches of the boundary, but it does not …
Inter-Annual To Decadal Sea-Level Variability In The Coastal Zones Of The Norwegian And Siberian Seas: The Role Of Atmospheric Forcing, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Inter-Annual To Decadal Sea-Level Variability In The Coastal Zones Of The Norwegian And Siberian Seas: The Role Of Atmospheric Forcing, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Inter-annual to decadal sea-level variations from tide gauge records in the coastal zones of the Norwegian and Siberian Seas are examined for the period 1950–2010 using a combination of hydrographic observations, wind data, and theory. We identify two large areas of highly coherent sea-level variability: one that includes the Norwegian, Barents, and Kara Seas, and another one that includes the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas. We provide evidence of a new contribution to the sea-level variability along the Norwegian coast associated with the poleward propagation of sea-level fluctuations along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. When this …
Quantifying Recent Acceleration In Sea Level Unrelated To Internal Climate Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers
Quantifying Recent Acceleration In Sea Level Unrelated To Internal Climate Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Sea level observations suggest that the rate of sea level rise has accelerated during the last 20 years. However, the presence of considerable decadal-scale variability, especially on a regional scale, makes it difficult to assess whether the observed changes are due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Here we use a regression model with atmospheric pressure, wind, and climate indices as independent variables to quantify the contribution of internal climate variability to the sea level at nine tide gauges from around the world for the period 1920–2011. Removing this contribution reveals a statistically significant acceleration (0.022 ± 0.015 mm/yr2 …
The Effect Of The Nao On Sea Level And On Mass Changes In The Mediterranean Sea, M. N. Tsimplis, F. M. Calafat, M. Marcos, G. Jordà, D. Gomis, L. Fenoglio-Marc, M. V. Struglia, S. A. Josey, D. P. Chambers
The Effect Of The Nao On Sea Level And On Mass Changes In The Mediterranean Sea, M. N. Tsimplis, F. M. Calafat, M. Marcos, G. Jordà, D. Gomis, L. Fenoglio-Marc, M. V. Struglia, S. A. Josey, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Sea level in the Mediterranean Sea over the period 1993–2011 is studied on the basis of altimetry, temperature, and salinity data and gravity measurements from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (2002–2010). An observed increase in sea level corresponds to a linear sea level trend of 3.0 ± 0.5 mm/yr dominated by the increase in the oceanic mass in the basin. The increase in sea level does not, however, take place linearly but over two 2–3 year periods, each contributing 2–3 cm of sea level. Variability in the basin sea level and its mass component is dominated by the …
Mechanisms Of Decadal Sea Level Variability In The Eastern North Atlantic And The Mediterranean Sea, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Mechanisms Of Decadal Sea Level Variability In The Eastern North Atlantic And The Mediterranean Sea, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Decadal sea level variations from tide gauge records along the western European coast and in the Mediterranean Sea commencing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are examined relative to large-scale atmospheric forcing. Recent studies have provided evidence for a link between sea level in the eastern North Atlantic and atmospheric forcing, however the nature of this relationship is still unclear. Here the outputs of a regional barotropic model and a nearly global baroclinic model are used in conjunction with wind stress and heat flux data to explore the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed sea level variability. …
Reply To Comment By W. R. Peltier Et Al. On “Ocean Mass From Grace And Glacial Isostatic Adjustment”, D. P. Chambers, John Wahr, Mark E. Tamisiea, R. Steven Nerem
Reply To Comment By W. R. Peltier Et Al. On “Ocean Mass From Grace And Glacial Isostatic Adjustment”, D. P. Chambers, John Wahr, Mark E. Tamisiea, R. Steven Nerem
Marine Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Observing Seasonal Steric Sea Level Variations With Grace And Satellite Altimetry, Don P. Chambers
Observing Seasonal Steric Sea Level Variations With Grace And Satellite Altimetry, Don P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Sea level rises and falls as the temperature and salinity of the water column varies, which is known as steric sea level. Sea level also changes as water mass is redistributed within the ocean or is added or removed. Satellite radar altimeters measure the combination of both effects, while the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was designed to measure time variable gravity caused by movement of water mass. Theoretically, altimetry and GRACE data can be combined in order to compute the steric sea level variations. We test this by combining current GRACE and Jason 1 altimeter data and comparing …
Interannual Volume Variability In The Tropical Pacific, Christina L. Holland, Gary T. Mitchum
Interannual Volume Variability In The Tropical Pacific, Christina L. Holland, Gary T. Mitchum
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The question of whether or not the volume of the tropical Pacific changes over the course of an El Niño event has potentially important consequences for our understanding of the dynamical mechanisms responsible for El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In this study, we examine the volume variability of the tropical Pacific, defined as the areal integral of the sea surface height variability, using TOPEX/Poseidon altimetric sea surface heights and the output of a numerical model. We find that volume gradually builds up in the tropical Pacific prior to a typical ENSO event and rapidly decreases during the event due to …