Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Salinity On The Toxicity Of Ionic Silver And Ag-Pvp Nanoparticles To Tisbe Battagliai And Ceramium Tenuicorne, Ailbhe Macken, Hugh Byrne, Kevin Thomas

Articles

The toxic effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP_PVP) and ionic Ag, to Tisbe battagliai (Tb) and Ceramium tenuicorne (Ct) were investigated and the usefulness of standardised marine guidelines for ENP risk assessment were assessed. The toxicity of Ag-NP_PVP [CtEC₅₀ = 26.6 µg/L, TbEC₅₀ = 7.9 µg/L] and Ag⁺ [CtEC₅₀ = 2312.2µg/L, Tb EC₅₀ = 90.9 µg/L] to both test species differed, with the silver ENPs being more toxic. In contrast to Ag⁺ the toxicity of Ag-NP_PVP increased significantly with increasing salinity, however, after thorough characterisation it was not …

Role Of Polymeric Excipients On Controlled Release Profile Of Glipizide From Plga And Eudragit Rs 100 Nanoparticles, Pratap Naha, Hugh Byrne, Amulya Panda

Articles

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 50:50 and Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles entrapping glipizide along with excipients were prepared using single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The objective was to develop single oral dose glipizide nano particles for reducing blood sugar level in diabetes induced experimental animals. Incorporation of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5%), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (0.5%) and Tween 20 (0.5%) in the organic phase during particle formulation improved release profile of glipizide from the polymer particles. Entrapment efficiency of glipizide in all the polymeric formulations was around ~70 %. Around 80 % of glipizide was released from both PLGA and Eudragit …

Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Dna Damage In Human Lung Alveolar Epithelial (A549) Cells From Exposure To Non-Cytotoxic Mfi-Type Zeolite Nanoparticles, Kunal Bhattacharya, Pratap Naha, Izabela Naydenova, Svetlana Mintova, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles in the field of electronics and biomedical applications demands an assessment of risk associated with deliberate or accidental exposure. Metal based nanoparticles are potentially most important of all the nanoparticles in terms of health risks. Microporousalumino-silicates and pure silicates named as zeolites and zeo-type materials with variety of structures, chemical compositions, particle sizes and morphologies have a significant number of industrial uses such as in catalysis, sorption and ion-exchange processes. In particular, the nanosized particles due to their unique properties are used in hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photography, photonics, electronics, labeling, imaging, and sensing. The …

Immunoproteomics: The Key To Discovery Of New Vaccine Antigens Against Bacterial Respiratory Infections, Ruth Dennehy, Siobhan Mcclean

Articles

The increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. Vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. However, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. Immunoproteomics is a powerful technique which has been used to identify potential vaccine candidates to protect against pathogenic bacteria. The combination of proteomics with the detection of immunoreactive antigens using serum highlights immunogenic proteins …

Unlocking The Knowledge: The Key To Delivering The Compliance And Business Benefits Outlined In Ich Q10 For Medicinal Product Manufacture, Nuala Calnan (Editor)

Conference Papers

This paper presents the challenges of delivering a holistic approach to the Pharmaceutical Quality System (Q10) expectations for medicinal product manufacture. It reviews the key findings from the recent ‘Operational Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Industry’ St. Gallen Uni. benchmarking report and explores the theme of 'Knowledge as the Key'. It explores how can we utilise familiar OPEX, Lean/ Six Sigma tools to capture this knowledge and deliver the expectations and opportunities for ICH Q10 and discusses this researchers study in the area of knowledge management and operational excellence.
It also includes a review of both the Regulatory Drivers and recent …

Quality And Nutritional Status Of Fresh-Cut Tomato As Affected By Spraying Of Delactosed Whey Permeate Compared To Industrial Washing Treatment., Lubna Ahmed, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of delactosed whey permeate 28 (DWP) treatment on preserving the quality and antioxidant attributes of fresh-cut 29 tomato. Tomatoes were treated with 3 % DWP by dipping, spraying and a 30 combination of both, stored at 4 °C for 10 days and compared with the industrial 31 standard, chlorine. The combination of dipping and spraying of DWP showed the best 32 results for all the markers tested. The combined treatment of dipping and spraying of 33 DWP significantly lowered total counts (~ 1.0 log cfu/g), yeast and moulds (~ 1.2 …

Spectral Cross Correlation As A Supervised Approach For The Analysis Of Complex Raman Datasets: The Case Of Nanoparticles In Biological Cells, Mark Keating, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Spectral Cross-correlation is introduced as a methodology to identify the presence and subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in cells. Raman microscopy is employed to spectroscopically image biological cells previously exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles, as a model for the study of nano-bio interactions. The limitations of previously deployed strategies of K-means clustering analysis and principal component analysis are discussed and a novel methodology of Spectral Cross Correlation Analysis is introduced and compared with the performance of Classical Least Squares Analysis, in both unsupervised and supervised modes. The previous study demonstrated the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy to map cells and identify polystyrene …

The Effect Of Delactosed Whey Permeate On Phytochemical Content Of Canned Tomatoes., Lubna Ahmed, Ankit Patras, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

The effect of delactosed whey permeate (DWP) treatment on antioxidant and phyto-chemical 26 components of canned Irish plum tomatoes were investigated. Tomatoes were sterilized for 5 27 min (F0) at 120 °C and stored for 6 months. The DWP treatment retained significantly 28 (p

Hyperspectral Imaging For Non-Contact Analysis Of Forensic Traces, Patrick Cullen, G. Edelman, T. Van Leeuwen, M. Aalders, E. Gaston

Articles

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy, to obtain both spatial and spectral information from a specimen. This technique enables investigators to analyze the chemical composition of traces and simultaneously visualize their spatial distribution. HSI offers significant potential for the detection, visualization, identification and age estimation of forensic traces. The rapid, non-destructive and non-contact features of HSI mark its suitability as an analytical tool for forensic science. This paper provides an overview of the principles, instrumentation and analytical techniques involved in hyperspectral imaging. We describe recent advances in HSI technology motivating forensic science applications, e.g. the development of portable …

Response Surface Methodology Guided Release Of Two Acetate Volatiles From An Oil-In-Water Emulsion, Mark Traynor, Roisin Burke, N. Brunton, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

Optimization of the volatile release of two commonly used flavor compounds (isoamyl acetate and furfuryl acetate) from a food emulsion model system was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). Twenty-seven random order settings were established using a central composite face-centered (CCF) experimental design. The main and combined effects of four independent variables—concentration of isoamyl acetate (50–90 ppm), furfuryl acetate (20–30 ppm), salt (NaCl; 0.1–2%), and pH (5–7)—on the responses were examined. The main objective of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration level of the four variables leading to optimal release of the volatile compounds. Quantitative measurements were …

Anti-Cancer Activity And Mutagenic Potential Of Novel Copper (Ii) Quinolinone Schiff Base Complexes In Hepatocarinoma Cells, Brian Duff, Venkat Reddy Thangella, Bernadette Creaven, Maureen Walsh, Denise Egan

Articles

This study determined the cytotoxic, cyto-selective and mutagenic potential of novel quinolinone Schiff base ligands and their corresponding copper(II) complexes in human-derived hepatic carcinoma cells (Hep-G2) and non-malignant human-derived hepatic cells (Chang). Results indicated that complexation of quinolinone Schiff bases with copper served to significantly enhance cytotoxicity. Here, the complex of (7E)-7-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylideamino)-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (TV117-FM) exhibited the lowest IC₅₀ value (17.9 μM) following 96 h continuous exposure, which was comparable to cisplatin (15.0 μM). However, results revealed that TV117-FM lacked cytoselectivity over non-malignant cells. Additionally, the complex was minimally effluxed from cells via Pglycoprotein (P-gp) and was shown to be non-mutagenic …

An Audit In Respect Of The Electrical Safety Implications For Domestic Electrical Installations, Noel Masterson [Thesis]

Other resources

Ireland, throughout the years known as the “Celtic Tiger” experienced a level of growth which culminated in many new developments in the construction sector The building” boom” of those years, was not solely monopolised by the Industrial sector; many owner/occupiers of domestic premises were in a position to develop or upgrade their existing dwellings. Current literature indicates that the poor condition of domestic electrical installations throughout Europe has raised concerns in respect of the safety of the owner/occupier. This study addresses:  The quality of Domestic electrical installations, periodic testing, inspection and verification  The Rules and regulations as developed …

Inhibition Of Burkholderia Multivorans Adhesion To Lung Epithelial Cells By Bivalent Lactosides, Ciara Wight, Rosaria Leyden, Paul V. Murphy, Máire Callaghan, Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos, Siobhan Mcclean

Articles

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients which is inherently resistant to antimicrobial agents. The mechanisms of attachment and pathogenesis of Bcc, a group of 17 species, are poorly understood. The most commonly identified Bcc species in newly colonised patients, Burkholderia multivorans, continues to be acquired from the environment. Development of therapies which can prevent or reduce the risk of colonization on exposure to Bcc in the environment would be a better alternative to antimicrobial agents. Previously, it has been shown that Bcc strains bound to many glycolipid receptors on lung epithelia. Using a …

The Development Of Molecular Gastronomy As A Subject Discipline At The Dublin Institute Of Technology, Roisin Burke, Pauline Danaher, Mark Traynor

Other resources

Molecular gastronomy is the study of the physical and chemical culinary transformations that occur during preparation, cooking and consumption. Molecular gastronomy differs from food science as the social, artistic and technical components of culinary and gastronomic phenomena are explored. At the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) the aim of developing molecular gastronomy modules is to use them as a tool to teach scientific principles to those who work in the Culinary Arts. Students and graduates can then apply their knowledge to develop and create novel dishes and food products. Scientific principles are taught, explained and demonstrated in the kitchen environment, …

An Investigation Of The Bioactivity Of Irish Seaweeds And Potential Applications As Nutraceuticals., Sabrina Cox

Doctoral

The primary goals of this research were to; identify the bioactivity of a range of edible Irish seaweeds, to examine the current technological procedures currently applied with respect to seaweed processing and in light of this information, to examine the potential of incorporating seaweeds into traditional food products in order to enhance their nutraceutical properties. Currently most Irish seaweeds are washed, dried and packaged, with little done to increase consumer appeal or interest and dried seaweed may appear inaccessible and unfamiliar to consumers. Seaweeds possess an excellent nutritional quality, such as high fibre and phytochemical content, low cholesterol and low …

Interaction Of Environmental B. Cenocepacia Strains With Cystic Fibrosis And Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro., Annamaria Bevivino, Luisa Pirone, Ruth Pilkington, Noemi Cifani, Claudia Dalmastri, Máire Callaghan, Fiorentina Ascenzioni, Siobhan Mcclean

Articles

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important human pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Non-clinical reservoirs may play a role in the acquisition of infections, so it is important to evaluate the pathogenic potential of environmental B. cenocepacia isolates. In this study, we investigated the interactions of two environmental B. cenocepacia strains (Mex1 and MCII-168) with two bronchial epithelial cell lines,16HBE14o- and CFBE41o-, which have a non-CF and a CF phenotype, respectively.

The environmental strains showed a significantly lower level of invasion into both CF- and non-CF cells in comparison with the clinical B. cenocepacia LMG16656^T strain. Exposure of polarized …

Response Surface Methodology Approach For The Optimization Of Lab Fermentation Using Vegetable Based Substrate, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Juan Valverde

Conference papers

In the present studies, an attempt was made to optimize the conditions for the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation using Irish York cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata alba subvar. conica) as a substrate. Prior to fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum, York cabbage was blanched at 95°C for 12 min to inactivate surface microflora. To achieve an optimal fermentation condition which would result in higher release of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in the broth, Box-Behnken design integrating a desirability approach was used. The optimized factors (fermentation time 36h, solid/liquid ratio 0.25 g/ml and agitation rate 100 rpm) were used for …

Effect Of Solvents On The Extractability Of Phenolic Constituents And Their Antioxidant Capacity From Irish Seaweed, Gaurav Rajauria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Conference papers

Seaweeds are being used for human consumption in the Orient and help them live longer with low levels of hypertension, cancer and other ailments. The study aimed at extraction of principle constituents using a wide range of solvents and their mixtures on the basis of polarity, from Irish brown seaweeds namely Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata. All the extracts were screened for total phenolic content (TPC) and their potential antioxidant capacity, using 2, 2´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Among all the solvents tested, 60% methanolic extract and equi-volume mixture of chloroform, …

Bioactive Potential Of Marine And Terrestrial Vegetables: A Comparative Study, Amit Jaiswal, Gaurav Rajauria, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Conference papers

Polyphenols are extensively used in food, beverage, pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical industry for their positive effects on human health. Present study was designed to estimate the differences in polyphenols level and antioxidant capacity between marine and terrestrial vegetables. Considerable variations in the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were observed, which ranges from 20.4 to 140.2 mg GAE/g of extracts (dw) for TPC and 15.4 to 50.4 mg QE/g of extracts (dw) for TFC. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity was confirmed by all the extracts. Results showed that marine vegetables had significantly higher polyphenols content and antioxidant property compared to …

Molecular Genetic And Dna Methylation Profiling Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Focus On Divergent Prognostic Subgroups And Subsets, Nicola Cahill

Doctoral

Advancements in prognostication have improved the subdivision of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) into diverse prognostic subgroups. In CLL, IGHV unmutated and IGHV3-21 genes are associated with a poor-prognosis, conversely, IGHV mutated genes with a favourable outcome. The finding of multiple CLL subsets expressing ‘stereotyped’ B-cell receptors (BCRs) has suggested a role for antigen(s) in leukemogenesis. Patients belonging to certain stereotyped subsets share clinical and biological characteristics, yet limited knowledge exists regarding the genetic and epigenetic events that may influence their clinical behaviour. This thesis aimed to, further investigate Swedish IGHV3-21-utilising patients, screen for genetic and DNA methylation events in CLL …

Preparation And Rapid Analysis Of Antibacterial Silver, Copper And Zinc Doped Sol–Gel Surfaces, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Patrick Mchale

Articles

The colonisation of clinical and industrial surfaces with microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains, has promoted increased research into the development of effective antibacterial and antifouling coatings. This study describes the preparation of metal nitrate (Ag, Cu, Zn) doped methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) coatings and the rapid assessment of their antibacterial activity using polyproylene microtitre plates. Microtitre plate wells were coated with different volumes of liquid sol–gel and cured under various conditions. Curing parameters were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and visual examination. The optimum curing conditions were determined to be 50–70 °C using a volume of 200 μl. The coated wells were challenged …

Evaluation And Identification Of Markers Of Damage In Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporous) Postharvest Using A Gc/Ms Metabolic Profiling Approach., Aoife O'Gorman, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias

Articles

The aim of this research was to use the gas mass spectrometry (GC/MS) profiling method coupled with chemometric tools to profile mechanically damaged and undamaged mushrooms during storage and to identify specific metabolites that may be used as markers of damage. Mushrooms grown under controlled conditions were bruise damaged by vibration to simulate damage during normal transportation. Three damage levels were evaluated; undamaged, damaged for 20 min and damaged for 40 min and two time levels studied; day zero and day one after storage at 48C. Applying this technique over 100 metabolites were identified, quantified and compiled in a library. …

Menu, 2012, Gallagher's Boxty House

Gallagher's Boxty House

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Reagent-Free Detection Of Fibrinogen Levels In Human Blood Plasma Using Raman Spectroscopy, Kelvin Poon, Fiona Lyng, Peter Knief, Orla L. Howe, Aidan Meade, James Curtin, Hugh Byrne, Joseph Vaughan

Articles

Fibrinogen assays are commonly used as part of clinical screening tests to investigate haemorrhagic states, for detection of disseminated intravascular coagulation and as a predictor of a variety of cardiovascular events. The Clauss assay, which measures thrombin clotting time, is the most commonly used method for measuring fibrinogen levels. Nevertheless, inconsistencies are present in inter-manufacturer reagent sources, calibration standards and methodologies. Automated coagulation analysers, which measure changes in optical density during the prothrombin time (PT-Fg), have found use in many hospitals. However, the PT-Fg method is found to give falsely elevated values due to varying choices of calibrants, reagents and …

Apple Pomace As A Potential Ingredient For The Development Of New Functional Foods, Sofia Reis, Dilip K. Rai, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Conference papers

Apple pomace (AP) is the main by-product of cider industry being mainly composed of carbohydrates and dietary fibre, small amounts of protein, fat and ash. In addition AP is also a good source of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids and flavonoids making AP a valuable source of antioxidants. The common applications of this by-product are the direct disposal to soil in a landfill and for pectin recovery usage. These applications are not sufficient to drain the several tonnes produced every year and studies to valorise the AP for other purposes have gained momentum. AP due to its chemical composition, rich …

The Speed Of Sound And Attenuation Of An Iec Agar-Based Tissue-Mimicking Material For High Frequency Ultrasound Applications, Chao Sun, Stephen Pye, Jacinta Browne, Anna Janeczko, Bill Ellis, Mairead Butler, Vassilis Sboros, Adrain Thomson, Mark Brewin, Charles Earnshaw, Carmel Moran

Articles

No abstract provided.

Optimization Of Lactic Acid Fermentation Of York Cabbage For The Development Of Potential Probiotic Products, Amit Jaiswal, Shilpi Gupta, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

In the present study, York cabbage was used as the sole substrate for the lactic acid (LA) fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. York cabbage was blanched at 95°C for 12min to inactivate surface microflora prior to fermentation. To achieve an optimal fermentation condition which would result in higher release of phytochemicals and antioxidant (AO) capacity in the broth, Box-Behnken design integrating a desirability approach was used. A second-order polynomial equation was developed indicating the effect of solute/liquid ratio, agitation rate and fermentation time on desired parameters. The optimized factors were used for fermenting York cabbage to obtain maximum bacterial growth, …

Water At Room Temperature As A Solvent For The Extraction Of Apple Pomace Phenolic Compounds, Sofia Reis, Dilip Rai, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

A fractionation method was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from apple pomace (AP) involving a first extraction with water and subsequent extractions of the same residue with two different organic solvents. The water extracts obtained presented high amounts of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity however, the second and third extractions of the same residue still extracted considerable amounts of remaining phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant capacities. Liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) studies showed water to be a good solvent to extract hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavanols, dihydrochalcones and flavones present in the AP. However, water …

Development And Validation Of A Novel Reporter Assay For Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Late Gene Expression, Beatrice Orru, Ciaran Cunniffe, Fergus Ryan, Stefan Schwartz

Articles

To facilitate the investigations of HPV-16 late gene expression HPV-16 reporter plasmids were generated using previously described sub-genomic HPV-16 plasmids, named pBEL and pBELM, that, similar to the full viral genome, produce primarily HPV-16 early mRNAs and very little, if any, late mRNAs in cervical cancer cells. The HPV-16 late L1 gene was replaced by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, or green fluorescent protein (GFP), preceded by the poliovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Results show that the reporter genes mimic the expression of L1 from these plasmids. For example, overexpression of adenovirus E4orf4 protein (E4orf4), polypyrimidine tract binding …

Gymnasium-Based Unsupervised Exercise Maintains Benefits In Oxygen Uptake Kinetics Obtained Following Supervised Training In Type 2 Diabetes, Oscar Mac Ananey, D O'Shea, S Warmington, S Green, M Egana

Articles

Abstract

Supervised exercise (SE) in patients with type 2 diabetes improves oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. Maintenance of these improvements, however, has not been examined when supervision is removed. We explored if potential improvements in oxygen uptake kinetics following a 12-week SE that combined aerobic and resistance training were maintained after a subsequent 12-week unsupervised exercise (UE). The involvement of cardiac output (CO) in these improvements was also tested. Nineteen volunteers with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Oxygen uptake kinetics and CO (inert gas rebreathing) responses to constant-load cycling at 50% ventilatory threshold (V(T)), 80% V(T), and …