Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Tannin In Animal Diet On Nitrification Rate Of Pasture Soil Under Dung Patches, J R. Crush

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The rate of formation of nitrate and ammonium in the soil under dung patches was compared for dung from animals fed either ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) or ryegrass/Lotus pedunculatus forage. Tannin derived from the Lotus did not inhibit ammonification in the soil under dung but nitrate formation was strongly inhibited. The results support the theory that polyphenolics may bind to nitrite in acid soils and cause immobilisation of mineral nitrogen. Apart from their effect of reducing the proportion of dietary nitrogen excreted in urine, tannins in animal diets may make a further contribution to …

A Comparison Of Production And Soils In Modified Mixed Prairie Community, S W. Porter, W D. Willms, J F. Dormaar, B H. Ellert, H H. Janzen

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This study examined the effects of reseeding a Stipa-Agropyron- Bouteloua community to monocultures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Geartn.), Russian wild rye grass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on above and below ground biomass and indicators of soil quality. Summer fallowed wheat produced 10817 kg ha-1 and 4090 kg ha-1 of above ground below ground biomass respectively whereas the native community produced 3191 kg ha-1 above ground and 13013 kg ha-1 of below ground biomass. However wheat, crested wheatgrass and Russian wildrye grass generally showed a lower biological index, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity.

Can You Have Your Cake And Eat It Too? Impact Of Grazing Cover Crops On Soil Properties, M. E. Drewnoski

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Does grazing of cover crops negate the soil health benefits of cover crops (CC)? A review of the literature was conducted to understand the soil impacts of grazing CC compared to a non-grazed CC control. Grazing CC did increase soil compaction in 50% of cases, but this increase was below the threshold that would be expected to impact root growth in most cases. It does appear that grazing under wet soils or high stocking rates can compact soil. Grazing did not affect wet aggregate stability in 83% of the studies. Soil carbon concentration was unaffected in 70% of the studies …

The Influence Of High Density Grazing And Conventional, Rotational Grazing On Soil And Vegetation Parameters In The Semi-Arid And Mesic Grasslands Of South Africa, Jamie Paulse, C. Visser, P. J. Malan, G. N. Smit, F. H. De Witt

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In South Africa, multi-camp rotational grazing using ‘conservative stocking rates’ have been the conventional approach to livestock grazing management systems. However, as of late, the high-desnity approach (used interchangeably – depending on the situation – with regenerative grazing, mob grazing, short duration, high pressure grazing, rapid rotation, time controlled, ultra-high density, holistic grazing and holistic resource management) has been adopted by numerous farmers. This approach is considered to be an adaptable one, incorporating the ‘herd effect’ concept, whereby large numbers of animals occupy an area for short periods of time, and allowed an extended rest period. It claims to improve …

Effect Of Litter Addition On Amino Acid Content And Composition In Alpine Meadow Soil, Yanli L. Feng, X. Y. Li, W. Z. Zong, J. Wang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Litter plays an important role in plant-soil nutrient cycling. However, the response of soil amino acid pools to litter input is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of litter addition on the content and composition of soil amino acids in an alpine meadow soil. Soil was amended with litter of its dominant species, Kobresia graminifolia, and incubated for four weeks. Our results show that litter addition significantly increased the exchangeable amino acid content and protease activity in the soil. These results are crucial for understanding the amino acid cycling in soil.

Spatial Distribution Of Soil Macroinvertebrates In A Dry Steppe (South-Eastern Siberia, Russia), K. B. Gongalsky

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Soil macroinvertebrates are important components of ecosystems. They play a key role in decomposition processes and turnover of the most of elements. Adequate estimation of abundance and biomass of these animals is fundamental for understanding their input in steppe ecosystems. Asian steppes of Russia are poorly studied. Therefore, baseline soil invertebrate composition, abundance and rules of distribution were estimated.

Grazing Effects On Spatial Microdistribution Of Soil Macroinvertebrates In A Steppe Of European Russia, F. A. Savin, K. B. Gongalsky, A. D. Pokarzhevskii

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Measures of ecosystems and their populations include biomass, production and trophic composition and animal spatial distribution. Grazing of grasslands influences spatial distribution of vegetation seriously. The same effects on soil macroinvertebrates are less well studied. Spatial distribution is usually studied at a coenosis level, and not at a studied point level, although the scale of sampling has a giant importance in estimation of organism's distribution. The aim of our study was to estimate grazing impact on large soil invertebrates in steppe ecosystems in Chernozem Nature Reserve in Russia.

Soil Enzyme Activities As Bio Indicators Of Soil Ph And Fertility In Temperate Grassland, Iker Mijangos, A. Ibarra, Isabel Albizu, Sorkunde Mendarte, Carlos Garbisu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In recent years, biological indicators are being used to estimate the continued capacity of a given soil to function (i.e., soil health). After all, biological processes are intimately linked with the maintenance of soil structure and fertility, being more sensitive to changes in the soil than conventional physicochemical parameters. Soil enzymes, as mediators and catalysts of vital soil functions, offer great potential as integrative indicators of soil health (Dick et al., 1996). The main aim of the current work was to study the potential of soil enzyme activities as biological (more precisely, biochemical) indicators of soil physicochemical …

Cattle Overwintering Areas In Middle-European Conditions - Important “Point” Sources Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions, M. Šimek, J. Hynšt, P. Brůček, J. Čuhel, D. Elhottová, H. Šantrůčková, V. Kamír

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in grazed grasslands are strongly influenced by animal excreta (Fowler et al., 1997). In addition, soil compaction caused by animal traffic significantly influences soil physical conditions and thus directly or indirectly impacts on the microbial processes producing N₂O. In the Czech Republic pastures are mostly located in hilly and mountain areas. During the growing season, cattle are typically grazing, while during the winter the animals are concentrated near the animal house on a relatively small plot called an "overwintering area". The objective of this study was to estimate the fluxes of …

Inter- And Intra-Specific Interactions In Germination And Seedling Establishment Of Cheatgrass And Russian Wildrye, Erin K. Espeland

The Prairie Naturalist

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive species in the arid and semi-arid west of the USA, and is weedy in disturbed prairie landscapes. Perennial Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) limits population growth of cheatgrass, but the mechanism is unclear. I conducted glasshouse and greenhouse experiments to test if intra- and interspecific competitive interactions of seeds and seedlings of cheatgrass and Russian wildrye were different across a geographic soil gradient with different cultivation legacies in eastern Montana, USA. Seed-seed interactions occurred in both species. Cheatgrass and Russian wildrye inhibited one another’s emergence in one edaphic condition in one experiment. Cheatgrass growth was …

Association Of Soil Conditions And Grass Species With Variable Cover Of Leafy Spurge, Terence P. Mcgonigle, Jeremy L. Timmer

The Prairie Naturalist

Variation in soil conditions and grass cover was assessed across a range of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) cover values on a sandy rangeland in Manitoba, Canada. Soil conditions varied by site but not in relation to cover of leafy spurge. We observed a significant negative relationship between total grass cover and increasing cover of leafy spurge. Only porcupine grass (Hesperostipa spartea [Trin.] Barkworth) had a negative relationship with leafy spurge, falling from high cover at low weed occurrence to only trace levels at the highest leafy spurge abundance. Neither prairie Junegrass (Koeleria macrantha [Ledeb.] Schult.), rough …

Crop Updates 2009 - Weeds, Catherine Borger, Abul Hashem, Mike Clarke, Aik Cheam, Harmohinder Dhammu, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts, Russell Quartermaine, David Nicholson, Mike Jackson, Bill Campbell, John Moore, Mario D'Antuono, Paul Matson, Peter Newman, Sally Peltzer, Dave Minkey, Stephen B. Powels, Qin Yu, Mechelle Owen, Roberto Busi, Sudheesh Manalil, Leigh Smith, Peter White, Fiona Evans, Pippa Michael, Siew Lee, Rob Grima, Glenn Adam, Trevor Bell, Steve Davies, Glen Riethmuller

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty three papers from different authors:

Herbicides

1. New pre-seeding grass selective herbicides – How well do they work in zero or no-till systems? Dr Catherine Borgerand Dr Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture and Food

2. Velocity®—An alternate mode of action for the control of wild radish in cereals, Mike Clarke, Bayer Cropscience Pty Ltd, Dr Aik Cheam, Department of Agriculture and Food, Dr Michael Walsh, WAHRI, University of Western Australia

3. Herbicide tolerance of new barley varieties, Harmohinder Dhammu, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts and Russell Quartermaine, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Herbicide tolerance of …

Crop Updates 2009 - Weeds, Abul Hashem, Mike Clarke, Aik Cheam, Michael Walsh, Harmohinder Dhammu, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts, Russell Quartermaine, David Nicholson, Mike Jackson, Bill Campbell, John Moore, Mario D'Antuono, Paul Matson, Peter Newman, Sally Peltzer, Dave Minkey, Stephen B. Powles, Qin Yu, Mechelle Owen, Roberto Busi, Sudheesh Manalil, Leigh Smith, Peter White, Fiona Evans, Art Diggle, Catherine Borger, Pippa Michael, Siew Lee, Rob Grima, Glenn Adam, Trevor Bell, Steve Davies, Glen Riethmuller

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty three papers from different authors:

Herbicides

1. New pre-seeding grass selective herbicides – How well do they work in zero or no-till systems? Dr Catherine Borgerand Dr Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture and Food

2. Velocity®—An alternate mode of action for the control of wild radish in cereals, Mike Clarke, Bayer Cropscience Pty Ltd, Dr Aik Cheam, Department of Agriculture and Food, Dr Michael Walsh, WAHRI, University of Western Australia

3. Herbicide tolerance of new barley varieties, Harmohinder Dhammu, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts and Russell Quartermaine, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Herbicide tolerance of …

2001 Wild Blueberry Csrees Project Reports, Alfred A. Bushway, Mary Ellen Camire, Kathy Davis-Dentici, Michael Dougherty, Kathleen Buzzard, Rodney J. Bushway, Kristi Crowe, Brian Perkins, Darrell W. Donahue, Frank Drummond, Judy Collins, Rose Mary Seymour, Maya Panangadan, Maribeth Haines, Heather Mclaughlin, S L. Annis, C S. Stubbs, John M. Smagula, Walter Litten, Karen Loennecker, Adam Nielsen, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 2001 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Effect of Wild Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems

2. Factors Affecting the Microbial and Pesticide Residues Levels on Wild Blueberries

3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries

4. Separation of Maggot-Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line

5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries and the Impact of Plant Water …

2000 Wild Blueberry Project Reports, Rodney J. Bushway, Alfred A. Bushway, Brian Perkins, Russell Hazen, Mary Ellen Camire, Katherine Davis-Dentici, Michael Dougherty, Kathleen Buzzard, Darrell W. Donahue, Angela Ferran, Ben Lagasse, Frank A. Drummond, Judith A. Collins, Rose Mary Seymour, John M. Smagula, Walter Litten, Adam Nielsen, Stephenson Nganga, Tarsha Rideout, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, David Lambert, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 2000 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries

2. Factors Affecting the Microbiological Quality of IQF Blueberries

3. Effect of Processed Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems

4. Separation of Maggot Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line

5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries

6. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects, 2000

7. …

Wild Blueberries 1999 Csrees Progress Reports, Alfred A. Bushway, Bodhan Slabyj, Russell Hazen, Darrell W. Donahue, Frank A. Drummond, Judith A. Collins, Rodney J. Bushway, Brian Perkins, Seanna L. Annis, Connie S. Stubbs, John M. Smagula, Walter Litten, Richard Dyer, Karen Loennecker, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, David Lambert, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1999 edition of the Wild Blueberries CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Effects of QF Processing on Microbiological Quality of Maine Wild Blueberries

2. Separation of Maggot-Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line

3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries

4. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects

5. IPM Strategies

6. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects

7. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in …

1989 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. P. Coffey, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney, G. V. Granade, T. Walter, K. W. Kelley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on beef cattle and crops at Southeast Kansas Branch Station.

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, John M. Smagula, David E. Yarborough, Antonia L. Hoelper, C W. Murdoch, Edward J. Mclaughlin, Jeff Risser, Tom Degomez, Mike Goltz, Tom Cs Yang, Angela Yang, Carolyn Wills, M F. Trevett

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1985 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Control of secondary blueberry pest insects

2. Effect of pruning practices on blueberry insect abundance

3. Effect of hexazinone on species distribution in lowbush blueberry fields

4. Dichlobenil for control of bunchberry

5. Evaluation of postemergence herbicides for grass control

6. Hand-wiper applications of herbicides on woody weeds

7. Evaluation of steam …

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Jeffrey Holmes, F L. Caruso, M G. Zuck, John M. Smagula, Edward J. Mclaughlin, Jeff Risser, Mike Goltz, Dana Nelson, Sharon Roberts, Judy Gates, Moody F. Trevett, Tom Cs Yang, David E. Yarborough, Antonia L. Hoelper, D C. Emerson

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1984 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Control, biology, and ecology of insects affecting lowbush blueberries .

2. Chemical control of mummyberry disease (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi)

3. New Fungicides for control of Botrytis blossom blight

4. Nutritional survey of selected lowbush blueberry fields

5. Interaction of fertility and pruning practices on soil characteristics and lowbush blueberry growth and …

1985 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. W. Kelley, G. V. Granade, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Through annual research reports, the Southeast Kansas Branch Experiment Station attempts to keep the area's consumers and producers of agricultural products informed on the Station's research accomplishments. In serving the area, we conduct research at fields located at Parsons, site of the headquarters; at Mound Valley, the original location of the Branch Station; and at Columbus, which has been in the Kansas State University research system for over 60 years. This report for 1984 covers five areas of research emphasis: Beef Cattle, Crops, Forages, Soil and Water Management, and Crop Varietal Development. We sincerely hope that it will be useful …

The Agriculture And Land Description Of The Midlands, Wongan Hills And Dalwallinu Districts Of W.A., D N. Sawkins

Agriculture reports

This report deals with the area of responsibility of the Moora District Office of the W.A. Department of Agriculture. The Moora advisory district consists of seven shires which cover 2,811,400 hectares. Agriculture in the advisory district varies according to climate and soil type, Sheep and cattle production are the main enterprises in the high rainfall (coastal) areas. Mixed cereal sheep production is the main system in the medium and low rainfall areas with cereals increasing in importance as annual rainfall diminishes.