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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Testing Candidate Cerebellar Presymptomatic Biomarkers For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Zoe Wilson Hawks
Testing Candidate Cerebellar Presymptomatic Biomarkers For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Zoe Wilson Hawks
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed on the basis of social impairment, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Contemporary theories posit that cerebellar-mediated error signaling impairments contribute to the causation of ASD. However, the relationship between infant cerebellar functional connectivity (fcMRI) and later ASD behaviors and outcomes has not been investigated. Such work is critical to establish early (presymptomatic) cerebellar correlates of ASD. Methods: Data from the Infant Brain Imaging Study (n=94, 68 male) were used to evaluate cerebellar fcMRI as a presymptomatic biomarker for ASD. Specifically, brain-behavior associations were analyzed for 6-month cerebellar connections in relation …
Altered Network Organization And Screen Time Use In Childhood Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Elizabeth Jane Hawkey
Altered Network Organization And Screen Time Use In Childhood Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Elizabeth Jane Hawkey
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with alterations in functional connectivity involving networks in the developing brain that support optimal cognitive control. However, a clear profile of altered connectivity has yet to emerge, and it remains unclear whether changes in behavioral patterns such as screen time (ST) contribute to ADHD symptomatology and altered connectivity in networks that support cognitive control. The current study examined connectivity between large-scale networks associated with cognitive control (CC), measures of executive function (EF) which index CC, and ST in children with ADHD. Methods: Our sample included 11,874 children (ages 9-11, 52% male) …
The Role Of Enampt-Mediated Systemic Nad+ Biosynthesis In Aging And Lifespan, Mitsukuni Yoshida
The Role Of Enampt-Mediated Systemic Nad+ Biosynthesis In Aging And Lifespan, Mitsukuni Yoshida
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aging is a systemic decline in tissue functions that occurs during the course of our life leading to the development of age-associated health deteriorations and ultimately to the expiration of life. Over the past few decades, population aging has become increasingly evident in many parts of the world, leading to increased prevalence of age-related disabilities and diseases. Because age is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, extensive research effort has been spent to identify common age-associated molecular changes contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of these health issues. One such molecule identified to play a central role in …
The Feeling Mind, Maria Doulatova
The Feeling Mind, Maria Doulatova
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
According to standard conceptions of agency, our reasons and intentions guide our actions. That is, goal-directed intentions play a key role in practical deliberation, planning, and execution of action. Furthermore, purposeful, goal-directed behavior warrants attributions of responsibility or “reactive attitudes” like resentment, anger, gratitude and forgiveness. However, recent developments of the dual-process theory of mind cast doubt on the empirical adequacy of this picture. While people take themselves to be responding to relevant reasons, they are often bypassed by irrelevant affective or automatic reactions. In this work I go beyond the dual-process theory of mind to offer a mechanistic account …
Evaluating Everyday Behaviors With Delayed And/Or Probabilistic Consequences Through A Discounting Framework, Yu-Hua Yeh
Evaluating Everyday Behaviors With Delayed And/Or Probabilistic Consequences Through A Discounting Framework, Yu-Hua Yeh
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Delay and probability discounting refer to the decrease in subjective value of an outcome as the time until its occurrence increases and the likelihood of its occurrence decreases, respectively. Significant differences between the discounting of gains and losses, either delayed or probabilistic, have been documented in the literature. A recent study that investigated similarities and differences between the discounting of delayed gains, delayed losses, and probabilistic losses, found qualitative individual differences (i.e., subgroups) present only in the discounting of losses (Yeh et al., 2020). The current study expanded the previous investigation of subgroups to the discounting of probabilistic gains (Experiment …
Relating Spontaneous Activity And Cognitive States Via Neurodynamic Modeling, Matthew Singh
Relating Spontaneous Activity And Cognitive States Via Neurodynamic Modeling, Matthew Singh
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stimulus-free brain dynamics form the basis of current knowledge concerning functional integration and segregation within the human brain. These relationships are typically described in terms of resting-state brain networks—regions which spontaneously coactivate. However, despite the interest in the anatomical mechanisms and biobehavioral correlates of stimulus-free brain dynamics, little is known regarding the relation between spontaneous brain dynamics and task-evoked activity. In particular, no computational framework has been previously proposed to unite spontaneous and task dynamics under a single, data-driven model. Model development in this domain will provide new insight regarding the mechanisms by which exogeneous stimuli and intrinsic neural circuitry …