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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Evaluation And Improvement Of The Design 4 Every Drop Course, Kenzy Fogle Aug 2024

Evaluation And Improvement Of The Design 4 Every Drop Course, Kenzy Fogle

All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present

Utah and the greater Intermountain West are experiencing a water crisis. Many factors are contributing to this situation, including an arid climate exacerbated by climate change, rapid population growth, and a high-water-demanding landscape typology. Landscapes currently consume an estimated 60-80% of Utah’s potable water, representing a significant opportunity for water savings. However, changing the traditional water-dependent landscape typology requires educating the public regarding water-wise landscape design processes, best practices, and implementation approaches. Utah State University is the land grant university for Utah and home to one of the oldest Landscape Architecture departments in the Intermountain West. Utah State University’s community …


How Different Modes Of Photosynthesis Impact Stormwater Runoff And Weed Growth On Ecoroof Trays During Early Establishment?, Michelle Hesek, Olyssa Starry, Samantha Hartzell, Kimberly Sanderford Jun 2024

How Different Modes Of Photosynthesis Impact Stormwater Runoff And Weed Growth On Ecoroof Trays During Early Establishment?, Michelle Hesek, Olyssa Starry, Samantha Hartzell, Kimberly Sanderford

University Honors Theses

Ecoroofs remove of stormwater runoff from the combined sewer system in Portland, Oregon. Reducing runoff is essential in cities considering how impervious surfaces promote flooding. A limited number of studies focus on comparing stormwater retention of ecoroof plants during their establishment period within Portlands climate. Different photosynthetic pathways in plants may impact stormwater runoff based on their water use efficiency. This study undertook a one-year study to determine the effect of plant establishment on water retention for a C4 and CAM species in six ecoroof trays. Weeds were investigated as a factor in water retention, and whether plant type within …


Flower Study, Haven Hinds Jun 2024

Flower Study, Haven Hinds

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

This project is a study into extinct flowers, their histories, environments, biology, colors, and assigned personalities then manifested in 3D models and a digital book. The goal was to select six flowers with interesting histories and or cultural connections. Since the flowers can, for the most part, not be seen or kept they were created in Blender as accurately as possible. To give people a means of connection with the flowers, each was assigned a personality based on different factors. These factors could be the colors they possess, where geographically they thrived, parts of their history, and biological factors. To …


An Evaluation Of Sonderegger Pine Morphology, Kelsey Denise Shoemaker May 2024

An Evaluation Of Sonderegger Pine Morphology, Kelsey Denise Shoemaker

Master's Theses

Sonderegger pine (Pinus x sondereggeri H.H. Chapm.), the naturally occurring hybrid of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), is considered a producer of poor-quality wood due to observations of stem forking and a high number of large-diameter branches at maturity. Because landowners generally decline planting Sonderegger pine seedlings, nursery workers cull putative hybrids from longleaf pine seedling stock during lifting and processing. However, over the past 100 years, very few studies have quantified stem quality of Sonderegger pine. To gain a better understanding of the early growth and development of Sonderegger pine, evaluations of height, diameter …


The Stability Of Epigenetic Variants That Can Act As Loci Causing Phenotypic Change, Raul Faburrieta May 2024

The Stability Of Epigenetic Variants That Can Act As Loci Causing Phenotypic Change, Raul Faburrieta

Biology Theses

Epigenetic variations are a possible source of heritable phenotypic variation. In this study I focus on phenotypic alterations seen in epigenetic Recombinant Inbred Lines (epiRILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana. These epiRILs allow me to study the effects differentially methylated regions (DMRs) have on phenotypic variance. In a study performed in 2014 by Cortijo et al., they found that DMR’s affect flowering time and root length when grown under greenhouse conditions. In this study, I replicated the Cortijo et al. (2014) study, with some changes, to see whether the same significant eQTL regions are found. I found that, some of the eQTLs …


The Influence Of Stage Of Ripeness On Consumer Perceptions Regarding Selected Aspects Of Non-Astringent Asian Persimmons (Diospyros Kaki Thunb), Robert A. Mirabello Jr May 2024

The Influence Of Stage Of Ripeness On Consumer Perceptions Regarding Selected Aspects Of Non-Astringent Asian Persimmons (Diospyros Kaki Thunb), Robert A. Mirabello Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Asian Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an important fruit crop in Asia and in recent decades has experienced expanding production around the world. Non-astringent cultivars are highly desirable in world markets. In the United States the Asian Persimmon is lesser known and consumed although it can be successfully grown in California and the Southeastern United States.This novel study examined the physical/chemical properties of the non-astringent Asian Persimmon ‘Jiro’ grown in Southern Louisiana at three distinct stages of ripeness described as Green (mid-September harvest), Light Orange (mid-October harvest) and Dark Orange (mid-November harvest). Data collected included color, weight, size, soluble …


Assessing The Use Of Regenerative Agriculture In California Almonds As Climate Change Resilience, Skyler M. Seamons May 2024

Assessing The Use Of Regenerative Agriculture In California Almonds As Climate Change Resilience, Skyler M. Seamons

Master's Projects and Capstones

The agriculture sector is responsible for 10% of the United States’ greenhouse gas emissions. In turn, anthropogenic climate change threatens crops. With its Mediterranean climate, California is the country’s largest agricultural-producing state. Many California crops are at risk due to increasing temperatures and changed precipitation patterns. This paper investigates regenerative farming techniques as a tool to protect California crops from a changing climate. Almonds are used as a case study to analyze the soil management practices, finances, and policies underlying regenerative agriculture in California. A literature review and comparative analysis are used to compare regenerative and conventional soil management practices …


From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel May 2024

From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel

Master's Projects and Capstones

Invasive plants cause significant impacts to ecosystems, the economy, and human health. California has experienced significant plant invasions and is well suited to future invasion because of its Mediterranean climate and human disturbance. Eradication or control of invasive plant species requires a detailed understanding of their spatial distribution, which typically involves on the ground surveys that can be expensive or inconsistent. Remote sensing offers a potential alternative or supplement to in-person invasive plant mapping. This study performed a comparative analysis of 41 remote sensing studies that mapped the distribution of California invasive plants. I found that while high spectral resolution …


New York City’S Rising Sea Level And Coastal Erosion: Approaches To Resiliency, Ryder D. Isidro May 2024

New York City’S Rising Sea Level And Coastal Erosion: Approaches To Resiliency, Ryder D. Isidro

Student Theses 2015-Present

No abstract provided.


Techniques And Trials In Pteridophyte Conservation And Cultivation, Jessica Bartel May 2024

Techniques And Trials In Pteridophyte Conservation And Cultivation, Jessica Bartel

Senior Theses and Projects

With the progressive nature of climate change conditions globally over the past century, there has been increasing focus on conservation of all species, but particularly those already endangered. Over 12,000 species of ferns live on Earth, and they do not produce seeds, so an investigation into their spores and how they reach maturity will allow us to preserve more genetic material in the future for these species. As a result, we investigated ex situ conservation and survivability of in vitro cultured gametophytes of within the genus Dryopteridaceae through herbarium sample germination rates across samples representing a wide age range ( …


Clonal Plants' Traits And Responses Following Fire Disturbance In Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems In The Colorado Front Range, Raymond Erskine May 2024

Clonal Plants' Traits And Responses Following Fire Disturbance In Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems In The Colorado Front Range, Raymond Erskine

Master's Theses

Mountain ecosystems are currently experiencing increasing impacts of disturbances (e.g., wildfire) due to global changes in climate and land use, leading to significant changes in vegetation composition and landscape dynamics. Clonal plants, characterized by their vegetative reproduction strategies, offer a range of ecologically important traits to cope with disturbances. However, clonality is often excluded in studies of post-fire vegetation dynamics in mountain ecosystems, and our knowledge of the ability of clonal plants to respond to differing disturbance regimes is limited. Therefore, I examined the response of understory vegetation following fire disturbance in burned and unburned ponderosa pine stands of the …


How Is International Orchid Trade Regulated, And How Effective Are Those Regulations?, Madeline Roubik May 2024

How Is International Orchid Trade Regulated, And How Effective Are Those Regulations?, Madeline Roubik

Mary Ann Bolton Undergraduate Research Award

When investigating the trafficking of wild species, animals are often considered before plants (Phelps et al. 2015). This is especially detrimental to members of the orchidaceae family, which are victims of an extensive illegal trade. It spans the entire globe but is especially concentrated in Southeastern Asia (Phelps et al. 2015). When regarding legislation, however, orchidaceae species are some of the most protected in the world. International legislation such as CITES restricts the movement of endangered orchidaceae across borders (Hinsley 2018). The 1992 Convention on Biodiversity (Lawson et al. 2019) also has policies regarding international orchid trade. National laws regulate …


Near-Surface Soil Property Change Over Time In Two Native Tallgrass Prairies In The Arkansas River Valley, Katie Jansson May 2024

Near-Surface Soil Property Change Over Time In Two Native Tallgrass Prairies In The Arkansas River Valley, Katie Jansson

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

One climate-change mitigation pathway is soil carbon (C) sequestration, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores C in various forms in the soil. Native prairie soils have long been known for their soil C sequestration abilities, but the full extent of their sequestration capacity is not completely understood. This study evaluated the effect of soil depth and soil map unit/prairie combination on changes in various soil properties over time from 2018 to 2022 in the top 20 cm of two native tallgrass prairie soils in the Arkansas River Valley in west-central Arkansas. Soil samples were collected from the …


Aquatic Transitions And Interspecific Relationships In Fissidens Mosses, Julia R. Butler May 2024

Aquatic Transitions And Interspecific Relationships In Fissidens Mosses, Julia R. Butler

Masters Theses

Embryophytes have undergone numerous re-invasions to aquatic habitats, impacting their morphological evolution. Despite the prominence of these transitions, their phylogenetic implications and morphological adaptations are just beginning to be investigated, especially as molecular methodologies become more accessible. We investigate these phenomena using the genus Fissidens, a diverse group of mosses encompassing both terrestrial and aquatic species. Our study integrates phylogenetic methods with morphological analyses to elucidate the evolutionary patterns within Fissidens and explore correlations between habitat transitions and morphological traits. Through extensive taxon sampling from herbarium specimens, DNA extraction, and sequencing, we construct robust phylogenetic trees using concatenated and …


Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.)., Carthel Tyler Newton May 2024

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.)., Carthel Tyler Newton

Masters Theses

Agrobacterium­-mediated transformation has long been utilized as a method of producing stable, transgenic plants. This project describes an attempt to develop a system of producing stably transformed hemp (C. sativa (L.)) plants. Because of its recalcitrance to in vitro tissue culture and regeneration, transformation studies of hemp have been severely limited. In this study, I combined media components that have been shown to improve tissue culture health and regeneration. Additionally, I used hemp cultivars and explant sources that have been reported to function well in in vitro systems. The results showed that the improved media components did not …


Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer As Tool To Control Nitrogen Loss In Row Crop Production, Samuel Kudzo Okai May 2024

Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer As Tool To Control Nitrogen Loss In Row Crop Production, Samuel Kudzo Okai

Masters Theses

The efficiency of urea-based fertilizers is substantially reduced through nitrogen (N) losses via ammonia volatilization. Soil pH, clay content, soil organic matter (SOM), and field capacity can affect ammonia loss. Incubation experiments were conducted on eight soils using a controlled environment system to study the effects of soil properties on ammonia volatilization from urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied at 134.5 kg N/ha. Each experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Ammonia loss was measured on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 16 DAF (days after N application). …


Identification, Creation, And Characterization Of Bio-Based Antifreeze Agents, Joshua Samuel Saad May 2024

Identification, Creation, And Characterization Of Bio-Based Antifreeze Agents, Joshua Samuel Saad

Masters Theses

Ice recrystallization is a key problem leading to quality deterioration of frozen foods and biomedical materials. Molecules possessing ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity can control ice crystal size after freezing, reducing the degree of freezing-induced damage. While these IRI active molecules have shown promise in maintaining the quality of frozen foods, their slow discovery, limited creation strategies, and lack of mechanistic understanding limit their hypothesis-driven design. In this work, we address these above-stated needs required for the streamlined implementation of these materials into frozen systems by the creation of a machine-learning-based IRI screening method, the development of a new IRI …


What's In A Name? Plant Naming As Cultural Artifact And Story In The Midwestern United States, Sophie Wesseler May 2024

What's In A Name? Plant Naming As Cultural Artifact And Story In The Midwestern United States, Sophie Wesseler

Undergraduate Theses

This project sought to collect and contextualize the historical and contemporary names given to plants by inhabitants of the Midwestern United States, understanding plant names as cultural artifacts that can offer insight into the communities in which they were created and evolved. Formatted as a series of entries, this collection gathered these names and contextualized them within other artifacts of cultural significance, such as art or poetry, and alongside historical research on their origins and cultural environments. Examining plant names through the fields of linguistics, semiology, anthropology, cultural studies, taxonomy, and ethnobotany, this work traces the names of various plants …


Comparison Of Private And Public Lab Fertilizer Recommendation Impacts On Field Crop Production And Soil Test Results, Megan Baker May 2024

Comparison Of Private And Public Lab Fertilizer Recommendation Impacts On Field Crop Production And Soil Test Results, Megan Baker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

There are many sources that farmers utilize to determine fertilizer needs for crops such as private and public labs, crop advisors, and fertilizer dealers. In many cases, these sources provide recommendations for a specific crop that can vary greatly, which can lead to large differences in cost. An experiment was established in 2021 with 12 sites across the state of Utah in alfalfa, small grains, and corn to test and compare fertilizer recommendations from five labs. The recommendations tested were from two public labs (Utah State University and the University of Idaho) and three commercial labs located in the Western …


Contrasting Nitrogen Sources Impact Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Soil Health Under Silage Corn Production In A Semi-Arid Environment, Phearen Kit Miller May 2024

Contrasting Nitrogen Sources Impact Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Soil Health Under Silage Corn Production In A Semi-Arid Environment, Phearen Kit Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Silage corn production challenges sustainable intensification and soil health in semi-arid environments because the entire aboveground biomass is harvested and removed from the field. An irrigated silage corn field study was conducted over a decade comparing nitrogen fertility sources using a complete randomized block design with four treatments: control with no nitrogen fertilizer (control), low ammonium sulfate at 112 kg N ha−1 (AS100), high ammonium sulfate at 224 kg N ha−1 (AS200), and steer manure compost at 224 kg total N ha−1 (compost). Research focused on the impact of these contrasting nitrogen sources on silage corn production, …


Processes For Improved Variable Rate Irrigation And Nitrogen Within Potato-Wheat-Wheat Cropping Systems, Elisa A. Flint May 2024

Processes For Improved Variable Rate Irrigation And Nitrogen Within Potato-Wheat-Wheat Cropping Systems, Elisa A. Flint

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Proper irrigation and nutrient management are vital for optimal crop production within agricultural fields. Improving irrigation and nutrient application through precision agriculture is necessary to conserve the limited resources available, while improving yield and quality of crops produced through such a system. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) and variable rate nitrogen are systems used to apply water and nitrogen more precisely to agricultural fields to reduce runoff, deep percolation, leaching, and other negative impacts of over application, while providing the optimal rates to produce maximum yields. However, the processes to utilize these systems have proven to be more difficult than expected, …


Clonal Growth And Trait Variation In The Colorado Front Range: The Influence Of Elevation And Ecosystem, Jordan Conley May 2024

Clonal Growth And Trait Variation In The Colorado Front Range: The Influence Of Elevation And Ecosystem, Jordan Conley

Master's Theses

Amid global climate change, exploring adaptive strategies among alpine flora, particularly through clonal growth, becomes critical for biodiversity conservation. This study aims to explore the patterns of dominance and distributions among clonal species across environmental gradients in the Colorado Front Range, employing a trait-based comparative analysis to understand the adaptive strategies of alpine flora and their implications for conservation amid rapid climate change. We focused on two species, studying traits like lateral spread, bud count, and bulbil numbers. Advanced statistical methods such as Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PerMANOVA) and Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) were used to evaluate community compositions …


Salinity Tolerance Of Flowering Rush, Butomus Umbellatus, Andrew Coomes May 2024

Salinity Tolerance Of Flowering Rush, Butomus Umbellatus, Andrew Coomes

Master's Theses

Flowering rush is an invasive aquatic plant in North America that causes deleterious effects to native ecosystems. There are two cytotypes, a triploid and diploid, and multiple genotypes contained within the diploid cytotype currently established in the U.S. Despite its presence in river drainages connected to estuarine areas, documentation on the salinity tolerance of flowering rush is scarce. Currently, information is limited to anecdotal reports suggesting intolerance to saline conditions. A better understanding of the osmotic tolerance of this species is essential to providing insight into its’ invasive range and better inform management efforts. These studies investigated vegetative propagule germination …


Threads Of Connection: An Offering To Re-Tangle Humanity And Nature With The Patterns Of Our World, Emily Shelton May 2024

Threads Of Connection: An Offering To Re-Tangle Humanity And Nature With The Patterns Of Our World, Emily Shelton

Graduate Theses

In our world there are patterns of self-similarity that serve as evidence of the interconnectedness between humankind and the rest of the natural world. They are reflected in our bodies, behaviors, and environments, both natural and manmade, and can be found throughout systems at every scale, micro through macro. These organic, linear motifs branch into smaller iterations that seem to shape our existence on this planet as we gravitate towards experiences that echo these patterns. During everyday acts like shopping in a grocery store or a crowd at a concert, we unconsciously participate in self-similar collective movements as we navigate …


Changes In Soil Chemical Attributes, Horticultural Performance And Fruit Yield Of Peach Cultivars Following Preplant And Annual Applications Of Composted Mulch Amendments, Jeffrey Hopkins May 2024

Changes In Soil Chemical Attributes, Horticultural Performance And Fruit Yield Of Peach Cultivars Following Preplant And Annual Applications Of Composted Mulch Amendments, Jeffrey Hopkins

All Theses

Southeastern peach orchards often have poor soil quality due to native soil composition, intensive farming practices and generational replanting of trees in the same locations. This study investigated using mulch amendments to improve the chemical and physical quality of soil prior to planting a new peach orchard. At the beginning of the four-year study, a single-ground municipal composted mulch was incorporated into the soil at two different rates and three cultivars of peaches, ‘Rubyprince’, ‘Julyprince’, and ‘BigRed’ were planted on berms. Thereafter, the same mulch product was annually applied to the top of the berms at two different rates to …


Effects Various Distilled Water Brands Have On Chlorophytum Comosum., Brooke Bluhm May 2024

Effects Various Distilled Water Brands Have On Chlorophytum Comosum., Brooke Bluhm

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

When first attempting home gardening, one of the challenges many home-renters are starting to face is being able to supply enough clean water to one’s plants. In order to overcome this challenge, many plant enthusiasts are utilizing prepackaged distilled water from price friendly brands available at most regional Walmart locations. With the number of choices available on the shelves of today’s grocery stores, and vague ingredient lists on packaging it can be challenging to determine which brand is actually best suited for one’s specific needs. In order to determine the best distilled water suited to grow Chlorophytum comosum, various gallons …


Analysis Of Water Pollutants Across Greater Omaha, Desmond Marshall May 2024

Analysis Of Water Pollutants Across Greater Omaha, Desmond Marshall

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Water is a finite resource, and most water has the potential to become contaminated in sitting bodies. Health complications have an increased chance of occurring when these water sources have pollutants. Preventative and treatment methods are components of the legislation put in place to prevent concentrations from reaching levels capable of causing these ailments. However, sites sometimes fail to keep them under tolerated levels. This study is intended to examine if several locations across Omaha are keeping pollutants under legal concentrations and analyze any trends in the data. Locations (n=10) are sampled twice, with exactly two-weeks between collections. The water …


Impact Of Early-Season Postemergence Co-Applications Of Foliar And Residual Herbicides On Crop Injury, Growth, And Yield In 2,4-D- And Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Logan N. Vallee May 2024

Impact Of Early-Season Postemergence Co-Applications Of Foliar And Residual Herbicides On Crop Injury, Growth, And Yield In 2,4-D- And Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Logan N. Vallee

LSU Master's Theses

Studies were conducted in 2021 through 2023 at the LSU AgCenter Dean Lee Research and Extension Center near Alexandria, LA to determine the sensitivity of 2,4-D- or dicamba- tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to an early season application of a Group 15 and foliar-only herbicides. Both studies were randomized complete block designs with a two-factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. In the dicamba-tolerant cotton study, Factor A consisted of no foliar-herbicide, dicamba alone, glyphosate alone, or dicamba plus glyphosate. Factor B consisted of either no Group 15 residual herbicide, acetochlor, or S-metolachlor. In the 2,4-D- tolerant cotton …


Yield And Nutritive Quality Of Fresh And Ensiled Reduced Lignin Alfalfa In Monoculture And Diculture With Novel Tall Fescue, Morgan Boss May 2024

Yield And Nutritive Quality Of Fresh And Ensiled Reduced Lignin Alfalfa In Monoculture And Diculture With Novel Tall Fescue, Morgan Boss

All Theses

The objectives of this research were to: (1) evaluate the yield, nutritional value, and digestibility of fresh and ensiled reduced lignin alfalfa (RLA; Medicago sativa L.) in monoculture and when mixed with novel endophyte-infected tall fescue (F; Festuca arundinacea) in comparison to a conventional alfalfa (CA) cultivar; and (2) evaluate ensiled samples under varying DM concentrations; with or without inoculant. A trial was prepared as a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. Treatments included reduced lignin alfalfa (RLA), conventional alfalfa (CA) and tall fescue (F) plots as well as RLA/F and CA/F plots. Plots were harvested on …


Morphological And Physio-Biochemical Responses And Gene Expression Analyses Of Landscape Plants Under Salinity Stress, Asmita Paudel May 2024

Morphological And Physio-Biochemical Responses And Gene Expression Analyses Of Landscape Plants Under Salinity Stress, Asmita Paudel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Soil salinity is a significant global issue that adversely impacts the growth and development of landscape plants. One of the effective strategies to prevent salinity damage to landscape plants is to cultivate species that are tolerant to the prevailing salinity levels. Salinity tolerance varies among plant species and cultivars. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the salinity tolerance of nine landscape plants [Albizia julibrissin (mimosa tree), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinnick), Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), Cercocarpus montanus ‘Coy’ (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), Penstemon barbatus ‘Novapenblu’ (rock candy blue® penstemon), Penstemon strictus ‘Rocky Mountain’ (rocky mountain beardtongue), Punica granatum ‘Wonderful’ (pomegranate), …