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Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1988, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1988 progress report for the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota State College. This document represents the research conducted at the Station during the 1988 crop season including: weather data, grass breeding and production, alfalfa experiment and testing, the influence of fertilizer phosphorus on crested wheatgrass, wheat breeding, corn breeding, soybean research, herbicide research and demonstrations, and information on the Station drip irrigation project.

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1988, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1988 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1988 crop season, including precipitation data, grain and wheat research and disease control, alfalfa cultivar test, orchardgrass test, potato fungicide test, crop performance test, corn breeding, sunflower yields, weed control demonstrations, farming system studies, and an economic analysis of farming systems.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1988, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1988 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary for all west river counties involved in research, small grain variety trials and demonstrations, feed grain variety testing, management, tillage and cultural practices, and weed control research projects.

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1988, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This twenty-eighth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, soil testing, alfalfa yield test, fertilizer testing, herbicide research, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock research, and pest and weed control.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No. 4. December 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RANGE PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE CENTRAL GRASSLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA ▪ C. L Lura, W. T. Barker, and P. E. Nyren

SEASONAL PATTERNS IN SAMPLING DATA FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS AND BLUE GILLS IN A NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS IMPOUNDMENT ▪ E. A. Bettross and D. W. Willis

INTRODUCTION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND DISPERSAL OF WESTERN MOSQUITOFISH IN NEBRASKA (ACTINOPTERYGII: POECILIIDAE) ▪ J. D. Lynch

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF CHIGGERS (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) FROM SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ E. R. Easton and W. …

The Short Term Effects Of Manganese Toxicity On Isocitrate Dehydrogenase In Wheat & Tobacco, Juergen Pfeiffer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The short term effects of high manganese levels (80 mg/L) on wheat and tobacco isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity were compared. The change in activity was then compared to the concentrations of manganese in the tissues.

As the time of manganese exposure increased, the fresh weight IDH activities in wheat and tobacco decreased. In contrast both control groups had similar enzyme activities every 6 hr over the 24 hr test period. The decrease in IDH activity of wheat and tobacco plants in experimental groups seemed to be related to an increase of the manganese in the leaf tissue. The slower decrease …

Evaluation Of Fomesafen For Broadleaf Weed Control, In Soybeans (Glycine Max), Ricardo A. Jimenez

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The lack of effective broadleaf weed control represents one of the major factors having detrimental effects on growth and yield of soybeans. Broadleaf weeds are a serious threat to soybean growers in the southeastern United States. A broad range of herbicides is being used in an effort to control broadleaf weeds in soybeans, and research is still being conducted to find new herbicides that can best work for this purpose. This study involved the use of one these herbicides. It was fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-trifluromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methyl-sulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide, which controls a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds in soybeans.

The experiment was conducted in the …

The "Soil Show" Final Report, B E. Bessen

Soil conservation survey collection

This project began with a requirement to produce a poster display for the Soil Conservation Districts Regional Workshops, in July 1988. A multi-dimensional display was produced at each of three workshops, accompanied by extensive publicity cover. As a result of the success of the displays, it was decided to maximise the exposure possible and tackle the Agricultural Show circuit. The Soil Show then travelled 7900 km, taking in 12 venues involving 16 days of public exposure in 10 weeks. It attracted up to 340 people per hour and won a number of awards. However, the major achievements were the significant …

Ontogeny Of The Cotyledonary Region Of Chamaesyce Maculata (Euphorbiaceae), W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Development of the cotyledonary region in Chamaesyce maculata is described from germination of the seed through formation of the dense mat of branches which characterize this common weed. The cotyledonary node is trilacunar with split-lateral traces. Epicotyl development is limited to a pair ofleaves ("V-leaves") inserted directly above and decussate to the cotyledons. The two V-leaves are also vascularized by three traces and insertion of these traces relative to the vasculature at the immediately subjacent cotyledonary node is asymmetrical; four of the six V-leaf traces arise on one side of the intercotyledonary plane and two arise on the opposite side. …

Principle Of Fall Turf Management, C. T. Dougherty, A. J. Powell Jr.

Agronomy Notes

Management of cool-season turfgrasses in the fall is mainly directed toward fertilization, broadleaf weed control and mowing. Fertilizer and weed control recommendations are made with great authority because of a good research base. Fall mowing height has not received as much attention, especially since mowing is often considered a curse by the end of along growing season. In the summer, Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue turf is mowed high (3-4 inches) to insulate the sward against moisture and temperature stress and to prevent germination of light-sensitive seed of crabgrass and other warm-season annuals. In the fall, however, the mowing height …

Sulfur Accumulation In Xylem Tissue Of Forest Trees From Kentucky & Tennessee & Its Relation To Yearly Growth, Jennifer Sharp

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The levels of sulfur present in xylem tissue of Quercus alba (white oak) show a statistically significant increase from 1970 to 1983. This increase was found in trees from three different sites in Kentucky and Tennessee. The levels of sulfur present in Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) show a statistically significant increase from 1955 to 1970. Sensitivity, growth response to the tree's environment, decreased in oaks from 1933 to 1968 but increased slightly in hemlocks during the same time period. The data tend to support a direct relationship between increasing sulfur levels and a reduction in growth. Physiological and ecological studies of …

Chlorella Viruses Isolated In China, Yanping Zhang, Dwight Burbank, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Plaque-forming viruses of the unicellular, eucaryotic, exsymbiotic, Chlorella-like green algae strain NC64A, which are common in the United States, were also present in fresh water collected in the People's Republic of China. Seven of the Chinese viruses were examined in detail and compared with the Chlorella viruses previously isolated in the United States. Like the American viruses, the Chinese viruses were large polyhedra and sensitive to chloroform. They contained numerous structural proteins and large double-stranded DNA genomes of at least 300 kilobase pairs. Each of the DNAs from the Chinese viruses contained 5-methyldeoxycytosine, which varied from 12.6 to 46.7% …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No.3. September 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MOVEMENTS OF ADULT STRIPED BASS TRACKED IN WILSON RESERVOIR, KANSAS ▪ K. E. Hampton, T. L. Wenke, and B. A. Zamrzla

GROWTH, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND MORTALITY OF CHANNEL CATFISH FROM THE POWDER RIVER AND CRAZY WOMAN CREEK, WYOMING ▪ J. B. Smith and W. A. Hubert

HABITAT USE BY WHITE-TAILED DEER IN PRAIRIE-AGRICULTURAL HABITAT IN MONTANA ▪ G. L. Dusek, A. K. Wood, and R. J. Mackie

BEAVER CROP DEPREDATION IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ C. D. Dieter and T. R. McCabe …

Potential Of Surface Water Contamination From Three Triazine Herbicides, William W. Witt, Kip W. Sander

KWRRI Research Reports

The movement of atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine from the site of application was monitored under conventional, reduced, and no-tillage conditions. Less water and soil was lost from the no-tillage and reduced tillage conditions. Conventional tillage conditions had about 66,000 L/ha runoff in 1986-87 and about 123,000 L/ha runoff in 1987-88. Seasonal rainfall was 885 mm in 1986-87 and 397 mm in 1987-88. The rainfall intensity was greater during the first two events in 1987 than the corresponding events in 1986. The first rainfall event in 1986 accounted for 91, 89, and 78% of the total seasonal loss of atrazine, cyanazine, …

Independent Inheritance Of Genes For Dhurrin And Leucoanthocyanidin In A Sorghum Cross, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Flag leaves of KS8 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are low in dhurrin (p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside] content and thus in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p), and they contain little (if any) leucoanthocyanidin (LAC). Comparable leaves of 'Colman' sorghum are intermediate in HCN-p and high in LAC. This study was conducted to investigate the inheritance of HCN-p and LAC in crosses of KS8 × Colman. Flag leaves from field-grown plants of both parents; the F₁ KS8 × Colman; the backcross, KS8 × (KS8 × Colman); and the F₂, (KS8 × Colman) selfed, were assayed for both …

How Dry Seasons Affect Landscape Plants, Mary L. Witt, Robert Geneve, John R. Hartman, Kenneth Wells, Robert E. Mcniel

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Because Kentucky had subnormal amounts and uneven distribution of rainfall during the last five to 10 years, you may be worried about your landscape plants. Having invested time and money in these plants, now you need to take protective measures to keep them alive.

Landscape plants probably suffer more from moisture-related problems than from any other cause. Because of water, plants experience feast or famine, flood or drought, air or suffocation. Plants are 70 to 90% water, which is essential for plant growth, manufacture of food, and nutrient transport.

However, too much water can be a problem. Excess water often …

Atrazine Dissipation And Off-Plot Movement In A Nebraska Sandhills Subirrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Patrick J. Shea, Steven S. Waller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] can be used to modify species composition of naturally subirrigated Sandhills meadows. The potential for ground water contamination exists as the water table depth ranges from 0 to 3 m. Atrazine was applied at 2.2 and 3.4 kg ha^-1 in May 1984, August 1984, or May 1985 to a Gannett fine sandy loam (Typic Haplaquoll, coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic) in a Nebraska Sandhills subirrigated meadow. Residues of atrazine applied in 1984 and 1985 carried over into 1985 and 1986, respectively. Herbicide dissipation and off-plot movement were monitored in 1985 by sampling soil at 0 to 5 cm and …

Winter Wheat Growth In Artificially Compacted Soil, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Dense soil tillage pans can develop from the improper use of tillage tools. The influence of compacted layers or pans on plant growth and development, although much studied, is not clearly understood. This greenhouse experiment evaluated the influence of uniformly compacted soil and thin layers of compacted soil placed at various depths on early growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Artificially compacted soil [Alliance silt loam, Aridic Argiustoll (Eluviated Brown Chernozem); A horizon] profiles were constructed in polyvinyl chloride tubes of 150-mm diameter by 350 mm long. Treatments were: (1) uniformly noncompacted (bulk density 1.30 Mg m^-3) …

Methods Of Treating And Preventing Tall Fescue Toxicosis By The Administration Of Thiamin, Charles T. Dougherty, Nelson Gay

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

A method of treating and effectively alleviating the symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis in domestic farm animals includes the administering of thiamin at therapeutic levels into the feed for the animals. A method of preventing tall fescue toxicosis in animals grazing or feeding on endophyte infected tall fescue is also provided.

An Aeration Duct Design Model For Flat Grain Storage, Thomas C. Bridges, Douglas G. Overhults, Samuel G. Mcneill, G. M. White

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Traditionally most grain is stored in circular type bins which provide a convenient means for handling and management. With the excess grain production and government loan programs of the past few years, some producers have used rectangular structures and covered piles to complement their round storages. The recommended management practices used with round bins are still required in those alternative storages and may be more critical in obtaining a quality end product.

One such recommended practice used with round bins is aeration. This practice is used to maintain a uniform temperature in the grain mass, preventing condensation and "hot" spots …

The Role Of Building Surveyors In Rural Land Use Planning, Roni Oma

Soil conservation survey collection

The State Planning Commission has prepared a draft "Rural Land Use Planning Policy" which aims to provide an effective framework for planning in rural areas. The Policy proposes that local authorities currently experiencing land use conflicts or pressure for development and subdivision, prepare a Local Rural Strategy prior to the Commission considering any major development proposals.

Alfalfa Hay Quality Makes The Difference, Garry D. Lacefield

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Alfalfa "Queen of the Forage Crops" is one of the most important forage legumes grown in the US. It can be grown over a wide range of soil and climatic conditions, it has the highest yield potential and the highest feeding values of all adapted perennial forage legumes. Alfalfa is a versatile crop which can be used for pasture, hay, silage, green-chop, soil improvements and human consumption (sprouts, etc.).

Woody Plants Under Stress, Deborah B. Hill, William M. Fountain

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

When people see their woody plants (shrubs and trees) decline, they often want a "magical" treatment to make them lush, green and healthy again. But no magic exists. This publication should help you understand some common causes of woody plant stress, how stress leads to decline and what measures, if any, can make the tree healthy again. Remember, however, that all trees and shrubs like every living organism, will eventually die.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No. 2. June 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

THE PRAIRIE NATURALIST

Volume 20, No. 2. June 1988

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRAIRIES AND GRASSLANDS OF THE ST. CROIX NATIONAL SCENIC RIVERWAY, WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA ▪ D. C. Glenn-Lewin and J. M. Ver Hoef

SEED RAIN ON A NEBRASKA SAND HILLS PRAIRIE ▪ M. A. Potvin

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1987 ▪ R. N. Randall

SOUTH DAKOTA RECORDS OF PYGMY AND ARCTIC SHREWS: RESPONSE TO FIRE ▪ M. J. Gruebele and A. A. Steuter

FEEDING ECOLOGY OF THE PLAINS POCKET GOPHER IN …

Patterns Of Sulfur Deposition In The Wood Of Pinus Echinatia Mill. From The Cumberland Plateau In Kentucky, Darrell Ray

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Air pollution and acid precipitation have long had an influence on plant and animal life. In this study, the level of sulfur in the stem tissue of Pinus echinata Mill. was measured in trees from various sites along the western edge of the Cumberland Plateau to determine the presence and pattern of sulfur deposition in this species. Overall, a 40.28% increase in sulfur levels was observed from four sites along the plateau with levels increasing from 0.072 mgS/gdwt in the 1962-66 growth increment to 0.101 mg in the 1982-86 increment. According to a computer generated analysis of variance, the differences …

Response Of Three Cultivars Of Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) To Mulching & Irrigation, Cesar Gonzalez

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of black polyethylene mulching and drip irrigation on the yield and quality of three cultivars of bell pepper was studied during the 1987 growing season. This study was conducted on a Pembroke silt loam soil on the Western Kentucky University Farm in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The experimental design was a split-plot arranged in randomized complete blocks in four replications with treatment as the main plot and cultivars as the sub-plot.

'California Wonder,' 'Lady Bell F₁ Hybrid: and' Keystone Resistant Giant' cultivars of bell pepper were established in the field during the last week of May. The cultivars …

Late Fall Fertilization Of Kentucky Bluegrass, David J. Wehner, Jean E. Haley, Dennis L. Martin

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

Many turfgrass managers apply a portion of the total yearly N to cool-season turfgrasses in the late fall (November). The purpose of this field study was to compare fertilization programs with and without N applications in November using both slow-release and soluble N sources. Turfs of two different cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Baron and cv. Newport) growing on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) received 10 fertilization programs utilizing urea, isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), or sulfur-coated urea (SCU). Urea was applied four times per year with either a spring application or a late-fall application …

Using Performance Test Results In Soybean Variety Selection In Kentucky, Todd W. Pfeiffer

Agronomy Notes

Many soybean varieties are available to, soybean producers in Kentucky each year. Information is available from company advertisements, private yield tests, and public performance tests which producers can use when selecting a variety. The question arises as to how this information relates to variety performance on a particular farm. The value of yield test data lies in the predictive ability of that data. How well does data from a set of environments predict relative performance among varieties over the wide range of possible environments in which those varieties can be grown? The first objective of this note is to discuss …

Grass Seedling Emergence, Morphology, And Establishment As Affected By Planting Depth, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The seeding depth of grasses affects emergence and adventitious root development. Seedling root morphology and development should be considered when determining planting depth for forage grasses. A field study was conducted on a Kennebec silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls) during June to August 1985 and 1986 to investigate the effect of planting depth on seedling emergence, morphology, and establishment of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii Vibnan), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Seeds were planted by hand to insure seeding depths of 1.5, 3.0, …

Deer And Forestry In Germany: Half A Century After Aldo Leopold, Michael L. Wolfe, Friedrich-Christian V. Berg

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.