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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 4. December 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF GREATER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS IN COLORADO ▪ B. F. Van Sant and C. E. Braun

IMPORTANCE OF AN OLD, MULTIPLE-USE RESERVOIR TO MIGRATING AND WINTERING DABBLING DUCKS ▪ D. M. Leslie, Jr. , and W. J. Stancill

SIMILARITY OF MALLARD NESTING ON A SOUTH DAKOTA ISLAND BETWEEN 1967-68 and 1985-87 ▪ S. G. Simpson and D. Limmer

BOBCAT HABITAT USE IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA DURING PERIODS OF HIGH AND LOW LAGOMORPH ABUNDANCE ▪ B. J. Giddings, G. L. Risdahl, and L. R. Irby …

Nebline, December 1990

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Sand Bluestem And Prairie Sandreed Establishment, Robert A. Masters, Kenneth P. Vogel, Patrick E. Reece, Dennis Bauer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sand bluestem [Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern,] and prairie sandreed (Calamovitfa longifolia Hook.) are native warm-season grasses used to revegetate cropland and degraded rangeland on highly erodible sandy soils in the central Great Plains. The objectives of this study were to compare establishment success of the 2 grasses and to determine if application of atrazine at time of planting enhanced grass establishment. Eight plantings, including 'Goldstrike' and 'Garden' sand bluestem and 'Goshen' and 'Pronghorn' prairie sandreed, were made from 1985 to 1987 at locations in eastern, north central, and western Nebraska. Three plantings were established under irrigation …

Defoliation Effects On Production And Morphological Development Of Little Bluestem, J. J. Mullahey, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Response of key warm-season grasses to time, frequency, and duration of defoliation is needed to develop grazing systems for the Nebraska Sandhills. A 3- year (1986 to 1988) study was conducted on a Valentine fine sand (mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamments) at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman, Nebraska, to determine the effect of defoliation on little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash]. Treatments were: 1 defoliation (to 7 cm) on 10 June, 10 July, or 10 Aug.; 2 defoliations on 10 June and 10 Aug.; and 3 defoliations on 10 June, 10 July, and 10 Aug. Control plants were harvested …

Nebline, November 1990

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Risk-Based Oversight Of Experiments In The Environment, Henry I. Miller, Robert H. Burris, Anne K. Vidaver, Nelson A. Wivel

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The new biology has come of age. Basic research in fields ranging from immunology to plant biology has been transformed so as to be almost unrecognizable to those whose biology education ended before 1970. The spillover into commercial development likewise has been remarkable. Hardly a week passes without news of some new advance in an area such as therapeutics, vaccines, or plants and animals for food, feed, or fiber. These uses of biotechnology in "contained" laboratories, pilot plants, greenhouses, and production facilities have engendered little controversy. The National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA have exempted from …

Nebline, October 1990

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Soybean Chlorosis Studies On High Ph Bottomland Soils, E. J. Penas, R. A. Wiese, R. W. Elmore, G. W. Hergert, R. S. Moomaw

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Soybean varieties are different in tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis. Field trials were conducted to evaluate variety performance on soils where chlorosis in soybeans was a known problem. Thirty-six varieties out of 177 were identified as tolerant to soil conditions that cause chlorosis. Eleven varieties of these 36 were found to have the most consistent yield performance on high pH soils. Tolerant varieties must be planted at adequate densities for best performance. A seeding rate of 13.5 seeds per foot of row, the highest seeding rate employed, did not appear to maximize yield on soils where chlorosis was severe. On some …

Ermelo Weeping Lovegrass Response To Clipping, Fertilization, And Watering, Robert A. Masters, Carlton Britton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A management strategy using short-duration grazing and fertilization was simulated in a study with individual 'Ermelo' weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Shrad.)Nees] plants. Influence of 2 levels of clipping [unclipped during the growing season and clipped (C) to 10-cm stubble height each time regrowth reached 40 cm]; fertilizer [unfertilized and 70-34-44 kg N-P-K/ha (F)]; and watering frequency [irrigated to field capacity at 7- (WET) and 14- (DRY) day intervals] on cumulative herbage dry matter yield, crude protein yield, and water-use efficiency, and root mass of individual weeping lovegrass plants grown in soil contained in polyethylene tubes was determined. Clipping combined …

Warm-Season Grass Establishment As Affected By Post-Planting Atrazine Application, C. C. Bahler, Lowell E. Moser, T. Griffin, Kenneth P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] provides effective weed control during big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatrum L.) establishment. However, most other desirable warm-season grasses are susceptible to atrazine injury at establishment. The objective of this study was to determine if atrazine applications after seedling would affect susceptible warm-season grass establishment. Big bluestem, switchgrass, Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] were needed into greenhouse flats or field plots and 2.2 kg a.i. atrazine/ha applied at 0 (atrazine control), 7, 14, or 21 days after …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 3. September 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

ASSEMBLAGES OF SMALL FISH IN THREE HABITAT TYPES ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ D. T. O'Shea, W. A. Hubert, and S. H. Anderson

SPAWNING HABITAT OF CHANNEL CATFISH IN THE POWDER RIVER SYSTEM, WYOMING-MONTANA D. R. Gerhardt and W. A. Hubert

OCCURRENCE OF AMERICAN WHITE PELICANS ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ J. G. Sidle, C. A. Faanes, and W. G. Jobman

DIET OF CANVASBACKS DURING BREEDING ▪ J. E. Austin, J. R. Serie, and J. H. Noyes

BROOD HABITAT USE OF RIO …

Nebline, September 1990

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Pesticide Use On Crops In Nebraska - 1987, Maurice Baker, Nancy Peterson, Shripat T. Kamble

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

This is the third and most comprehensive study of pesticide use on crops in Nebraska. The first was completed in 1978 and the second one in 1982. The first study indicated that approximately 25 million pounds (11.34 million kg) of active ingredients were used on the major crops in Nebraska. This increased to approximately 30.2 million pounds (13.7 million kg) in 1982. The USDA requires accurate information to meet their responsibilities. Thus, this survey was undertaken to determine: 1) the use of pesticides on crops, pasture and rangeland and 2) to identify pest management practices.

Nebline, August 1990

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Special Lancaster County Fair Insert

Towards An Improved Taxonomy Of Xanthomonas, L. Vauterin, J. Swings, K. Kersters, M. Gillis, T. W. Mew, M. N. Schroth, N. J. Palleroni, D. C. Hildebrand, D. E. Stead, E. L. Civerolo, A. C. Hayward, H. Maraîte, R. E. Stall, A. K. Vidaver, J. F. Bradbury

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Improvement of the taxonomy of the genus Xanthomonas and especially of Xanthomonas campestris, which is subdivided into more than 125 pathovars, is discussed. Recent contributions to the taxonomy of Xanthomonas are reviewed, and on the basis of these data and unpublished data from several laboratories, the usefulness of different phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic techniques is discussed. The heterogeneity of several X. campestris pathovars has been demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins and fatty acid fingerprinting. The host selectivity of the pathovars is not correlated with their relationships as revealed by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments. In order to …

Nebline, July 1990

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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 2. June 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. W. Seabloom and P. W. Theisen

PATTERNS OF RESOURCE USE IN A LIZZARD COMMUNITY IN THE NEBRASKA SAND HILLS PRAIRIE ▪ R. E. Ballinger, S. M. Jones, and J. W. Nietfeldt

A THIRTEEN-YEAR SURVEY OF THE APHIDOPHAGOUS INSECTS OF ALFALFA ▪ N. C. Elliott and R. W. Kieckhefer

STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLAINS SHARP-TAILED GROUSE IN COLORADO ▪ A. W. Hoag and C. E. Braun

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - …

Nebline, June 1990

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Capping Of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Rna: Analysis Of Viral-Coded Guanylyltransferase-Like Activity, David Dunigan, Milton Zaitlin

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The 5’ end of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genomic RNA is capped with 7- methylguanosine. A virus-coded polypeptide with guanylyltransferase activity has been investigated. This enzyme is responsible for forming the 5’→5’ linkage of guanosine 5’-monophosphate to the 5’- diphosphate of an acceptor RNA, thereby forming the cap. A critical step in the mechanism for cap formation in the eukaryotic nucleus is for guanylyltransferase to bind covalently to guanosine 5’- monophosphate with the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate when guanosine 5’- triphosphate is the substrate. The TMV 126-kilodalton protein, which is most probably a component of the TMV replicase, was found to …

Registration Of 15 Germplasm Lines Of Grain Sorghum And Sweet Sorghum, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four inbred lines (N97-N100) and 11 pairs of A and B (male-sterile and maintainer) lines (N101-N111) of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. The lines contain one or more traits that may have value for use in producing hybrids and/or conducting breeding and management studies. All A-lines have milo (A1) cytoplasm.

Registration Of 10 Sudangrass Inbred Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Ten pairs of A and B (male-sterile and maintainer) inbred lines (N112 to N121, Reg. no. GP 261 to 270, PI 535797 to 535806)of sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. The major objective in the development of these lines was reduction in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) to facilitate the production of sudangrass hybrids low in HCN-p. While good progress in lowering HCN-p has been made in most lines, some still exceed the level found in 'Piper' sudangrass …

Registration Of Np30, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Regrowth Potential, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP30 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-238, PI 535774) is a low-dhurrin, random-mating population developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. The population was released in April 1989. NP30 was synthesized from 85 S₁ families selected from a total of 757 families that were evaluated for regrowth potential. The germplasm sources evaluated included 50 S₁ families from the NP25(3) sudangrass population, 90 from NP28(2), 284 from NP29(4), 200 from NP31(5), 50 from NP32(5), and 83 S₁ families from miscellaneous breeding lines low in dhurrin. The …

Registration Of Np29, A Low-Dhurrin Sudangrass Population Selected For Tolerance To Early Spring Seeding, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP29 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-237, PI 535773) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and was released in April 1989. Germplasm sources involved in the synthesis of this population included 10 low-dhurrin sudangrass populations, seven of which contained the ms₃ gene for genetic male-sterility. Included were NP23(2); NP25(3); NP32(4); three experimental populations that were composited to make up NP31(4); an unreleased population; and three populations representing Cycle 0, Cycle I, and Cycle 2 from an earlier selection experiment to improve tolerance to early spring …

Registration Of Np31 And Np32 Two Populations Of Sudangrass Selected For Low Dhurrin Content, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP31 and NP32 sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no.GP-239 and GP-240; PI 535775 and PI 535776), two populations developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, were released in April 1989. These populations are potential sources of low-dhurrin germplasm for public and private sudangrass breeding programs. NP31 also contains the ms₃ gene for genetic male sterility and NP32 may be a source of sudangrass B-lines.

Nebline, May 1990

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Registration Of Np36 And Np37, Two Random-Mating Grain Sorghum Populations Selected For Reduced Dhurrin Content, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, B. E. Johnson, A. Sotomayor-Rios

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP36 and NP37 grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Reg. no. GP-244 and GP-245; PI 535780 and PI 535781), two random-mating populations of grain sorghum, were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. Both populations were selected for reduced dhurrin content, and they have potential value as sources of A- and B-lines of grain sorghum for use in producing low-dhurrin sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. NP37 also contains the bmr-6 gene for brown midribs and, therefore, may be useful in producing sorghum-sudangrass or forage sorghum hybrids with brown midribs.

Registration Of Np33 Np34 And Np35 Three Broadly Based Random-Mating Populations Of Sudangrass, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP33, NP34, and NP35 Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-241, GP-242, and GP-243; PI 535777, PI 535778, and PI 535779) are three related random-mating populations that were developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and were released in April 1989. These populations represent a broad range of genetic diversity for a variety of agronomic traits and dhurrin level, and NP34 and NP35 contain the ms₃ gene for male sterility.

Registration Of Np28 Sudangrass Germplasm, A Composite Of 90 Low-Dhurrin Self-Pollinated Lines, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NP28 Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. no. GP-236, PI 535772), a population developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, was released in April 1989. NP28 is a composite consisting of equal quantities of seed of 90 low-dhurrin, highly self-pollinated lines of sudangrass. Each of the lines was derived by seven or more generations of selfing following one or more crosses among seven sources of sudangrass germplasm. The sources included low-dhurrin selections from 'Piper'; low-dhurrin breeding lines from the University of Wisconsin; two sudangrass B-lines (maintainers for A₁ cytoplasm) …

Nebline, April 1990

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Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Samples of soil, mulch, and the soil/mulch interface zone were collected from commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fields typical in their use of mulch under Arkansas conditions. Mulches included J-year-old hardwood sawdust, 5-year-old hardwood sawdust, and 1-year-old pine needle mulch. Herbicide adsorption (Kd values) of the samples was determined for diuron, terbacil, and simazine. The soils, mulches, and interfaces adsorbed nearly 10 times as much diuron and more than twice as much simazine as terbacil. Adsorption of the herbicides was three to five times greater to the mulches than to the soils. Adsorption was significantly correlated with the …