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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Using A Mouse Model To Investigate Male Bias In Autism Spectrum Disorder Incidence., Elizabeth Ann Gordon
Using A Mouse Model To Investigate Male Bias In Autism Spectrum Disorder Incidence., Elizabeth Ann Gordon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The review (Chapter 1) overviews our current understanding of the sex bias in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), whereby males are 4 times more likely to develop the condition. The longstanding uncertainty surrounding the etiology of autism can be informed by inclusion of both sexes in future research to better understand the mechanism responsible for this sex bias. Both clinical studies and animal models are useful tools to elucidate the underlying cause(s) of sexual dimorphic morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences in the ASD phenotype. Sex differences in social behaviors are common across species, underscoring the importance of assessing baseline sex differences …
Glutathione S-Transferase P In Glucose Homeostasis In Mice., Shubha Ghosh Dastidar
Glutathione S-Transferase P In Glucose Homeostasis In Mice., Shubha Ghosh Dastidar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High calorie diets have fostered the current pandemic of obesity and comorbid conditions of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), systemic insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are dysregulated in obesity, NAFLD and diabetes. The multifunctional GST pi isoform (GSTP) catalyzes acrolein metabolism and inhibits JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase). The purpose of this study was to test specifically whether GSTP deficiency disturbs glucose homeostasis in mice. Hepatic GST proteins were downregulated by short-term high fat diet (HFD) in wild type (WT) mice concomitant with glucose intolerance, increased hepatic JNK activation and protein-acrolein …
Identification Of Residual Descending Pathways After Human Spinal Cord Injury., Darryn A. Atkinson
Identification Of Residual Descending Pathways After Human Spinal Cord Injury., Darryn A. Atkinson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in humans is a heterogeneous diagnosis, resulting in variable paralysis and paresthesia based on the mechanism, rostro-caudal location, and severity of injury. Both neurophysiological and anatomical studies have suggested that subclinical residual supraspinal-spinal connectivity exists in a subset of individuals deemed to have motor and sensory complete injuries. Recent reports of volitional movement in chronic, motor complete individuals during epidural spinal stimulation have provided compelling evidence that these residual projections may be capable of mediating volitional movement when the functional state of spinal circuitry is electrically modulated. It was the goal of this project to identify …
Cardiovascular And Hematopoietic Responses To Volatile Benzene Exposure., Wesley Tyler Abplanalp
Cardiovascular And Hematopoietic Responses To Volatile Benzene Exposure., Wesley Tyler Abplanalp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid and recent increase in the global epidemic of diabetes and cardiovascular disease suggests a strong component of the environment is contributing. Benzene is a ubiquitous volatile pollutant generated by cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, wildfires and industrial activities. Consequently, it is found in almost all urban and rural air samples. Benzene is known to cause hematotoxicity and its metabolism generates oxidative stress. Although, benzene has been studied for many years, few investigations have probed what influence benzene exposure may have on other physiological processes. Here we hypothesize that benzene metabolism by hepatic-CYP450 2E1 generates oxidative stress and inflammation, which …
The Role Of O-Glcnacase During Heart Failure., Sujith Dassanayaka
The Role Of O-Glcnacase During Heart Failure., Sujith Dassanayaka
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Global augmentation of protein O-GlcNAcylation occurs in response to a myriad of stressors and confers a survival advantage at the cellular level. This protective phenomenon has been demonstrated to mediate cardioprotection through various in vitro and in vivo studies during ischemia-reperfusion, myocardial infarction, and oxidative stress; however, relatively little is known of the regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by two antagonistic enzymes, namely, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Ablation of cardiomyocyte OGT, the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc to proteins, exacerbates cardiac dysfunction during infarct-induced heart failure (HF). However, little is known of the …
Effects Of Sport-Specific Training Conditions On Performance In High School Field Hockey Players., Alexandra Hannah Roberts
Effects Of Sport-Specific Training Conditions On Performance In High School Field Hockey Players., Alexandra Hannah Roberts
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many sports (e.g. field hockey, lacrosse, ice hockey) require the use of a mouthguard (MG) and the constraint of carrying a stick during play. Previous research has shown that these two conditions individually can cause decrements to athletic performance; however no research has been conducted into effect of the combination of these two conditions on both aerobic and anaerobic performance parameters. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both chronic (during all conditioning) and acute MG and stick (MG-STK) use on aerobic fitness and anaerobic capacity over the course of a 12-week training and competition …