Life Sciences Commons^™

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1987 Annual Summary, James Whitcomb

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oyster spatfall information. Spat counts are made on oyster shells strung on wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds. The number of spat on shells is counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Time Delayed Protein Complementation, Diana L. Lakusta

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The time delayed complementation of plant proteins was tested in weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats by measuring growth rates as well as plasma and tissue free amino acids. Diets of pinto beans with rice, corn or wheat were pair-fed in combination or alternating 4 times a day at 6 and 11 am, and 4 and 9 pm for 4 weeks. Plasma, liver and muscle samples were obtained 2 hours postprandial, a time determined most suitable for sacrifice, and analyzed for free amino acids via ion-exchange chromatography. There were no significant differences in growth of rats fed combination or alternating diets.during week …

Depth Profiles And Soil Textures Of The Vernal Pools Of The Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, Riverside County, California, Ralph Charles Workman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this project was to study the edaphic and topographic characteristics of the 13 vernal pools on the Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, thus documenting the role soil texture plays in vernal pool formation.

Several field and laboratory procedures were used to demonstrate that there is a higher percentage of clay present within vernal pools than in soils outside the margin of the pools, for 11 out of the 13 pools. Statistical tests showed that the percentage of clay was highly significant within the center soil of the pool as compared to the soil outside the margin of the …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No. 4. December 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BREEDING BIRDS AND VEGETATION STRUCTURE IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA WOODED DRAWS ▪ C. A. Faanes

PRODUCTIVITY OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. F. Besser, O. E. Bray, J. W. De Grazio, J. L. Guarino, D. L. Gilbert, R. R. Martinka, and D. A. Bysart

DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE MOUNTAIN PLOVER ON THE CHARLES M. RUSSELL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ▪ S. L. Olson-Edge and W. D. Edge

EFFECT OF CALCULATION TECHNIQUE ON THE ESTIMATION OF LEAF AREA IN A MIXED …

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

Co2-Warming, Rising Sea-Level And Retreating Coasts: Review And Critique, Edward A. Bryant

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A CO2-warming atmospheric scenario, whereby increased concentrations of 'greenhouse' gases result in warmer temperatures that either melt near-polar ice or cause thermal expansion of ocean waters, thus leading to increased sea-levels and exacerbated coastal erosion, assumes fundamental but unproven cause-and-effect relationships. General circulation models have reinforced claims of an accelerated warming and indirectly given support to the complete scenario, but ignore the point that global climate and not just air temperatures have changed over the past century. Indeed, it is difficult to prove that air temperatures have warmed naturally outside of urban centres over this period. To attribute recent temperature …

Classifying Oregon Lake-Watershed Ecosystems For Regional Water Resources Assessment, Randall Alan Jones

Dissertations and Theses

Natural lake-watershed ecosystems in Oregon compose a diverse and valuable assemblage of land and water resources. With an increasing demand on lakes for recreation, water supplies, and aesthetic values and an increase in available data on Oregon lake systems, there is a need for applicable and timely scientific water management information about lake conditions statewide. This thesis is an attempt to summarize some of the data collected on natural Oregon lake-watershed ecosystems.

The purpose of the thesis is to identify the most typical natural systems out of an initial data base of twenty-four variables, measured over ninety-eight lake-watershed ecosystems. The …

Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus: (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The December 1983 freeze inflicted tremendous damage to the South Texas citrus groves and reduced tree numbers by approximately fifty percent. Additionally, it is believed that Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) populations have increased over the past few years. With decreased citrus acreage and increased grackle numbers, the severe negative effects are economically significant to the Texas citrus industry.

Grackle damage to grapefruit and oranges differs in type and economic importance. The first is "cosmetic" in nature, small pecks or scratches on the fruit skin, and downgrades the fruit, reducing its value. The second is actual crop loss due …

Effects Of A Dispersed And Undispersed Crude Oil On Mangroves, Seagrasses And Corals, T. G. Ballou, Richard E. Dodge, S. C. Hess, A. H. Knap, Thomas D. Sleeter

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the application of dispersant to spilled oil as a means of reducing adverse environmental effects of oil spills in nearshore, tropical waters. The results of numerous laboratory and field studies have suggested that dispersants may play a useful role in reducing adverse impacts on sensitive and valued environments such as mangroves, seagrasses, and corals. However, the use of dispersants has not been allowed thus far in most situations because of a lack of direct experimental data on the various effects of dispersants and the environmental trade-offs presumed to occur as a …

Prey Depletion By Odonate Larvae: Combining Evidence From Multiple Field Experiments, Clay L. Pierce, Dan M. Johnson, Thomas H. Martin, Charles N. Watson, Robert E. Bohanan, Philip H. Crowley

Clay L. Pierce

In this paper we re-analyze previously published data regarding the response of several prey populations to manipulation of predaceous larval dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata) densities in four separate field enclosure experiments. Using a computer-intensive "rerandomization" approach to testing hypotheses, we show that the individual experiments were not sufficiently powerful to consistently reject false null hypotheses. Combining the data from three comparable experiments, we can enhance the power associated with such tests. Three prey categories (Trichoptera, Oligochaeta, and large Cladocera), constituting less than one-third of the typical odonate diet, were found to be consistently depleted in enclosures with odonate larvae; but the …

Thermal Tolerances And Preferences Of Fishes Of The Virgin River System (Utah, Arizona, Nevada), James E. Deacon, Paul B. Schumann, Edward L. Stuenkel

Publications (WR)

Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and thermal preferenda of the common fishes of the Virgin River were examined. Differences in final temperature preferenda and CTM for species with low thermal lability (speckled dace, spinedace, roundtail chub) correspond well with differences in their distribution and abundance in the river. These species shifted their acute thermal preferences relatively little as acclimation temperature increased. For thermally labile species (woundfin, red shiner, desert sucker, and fiannehnouth sucker), the final preferendum is a less precise indicator of probable distribution. The woundfin, an endangered fish, has a high CTM (39.5 C at 25 C acclimation) and a …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 30 Number 1, Fall 1987, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - CAN THERE BE DISSENT IN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITIES? SCU's president makes clear where the University stands on this important issue. By William J. Rewak, S.J.

17 - WHAT'S AHEAD IN THE WORLD OF HIGH TECH? Former Business ~ek reporter Jack Wilson looks to the future of Silicon Valley.

21 - GREEKS ON CAMPUS-HERE TO STAY? What makes sororities and fraternities appealing to SCU undergraduates?

28 - GLASS IMAGE Tom Kelly '72 unlocks memories of classmate Charlie Glass after Glass's abduction last June.

30 - THE AGE OF AQUARIUS REVISITED Six members of the class of '67 talk about their …

A Review Of Machinery For Cropping With Reduced Water Erosion, K J. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Phytoplankton Dynamics In The Very Low Salinity Region Of The James River Estuary, Virginia, U.S.A., Changho Moon

OES Theses and Dissertations

During summer and autumn discharge from the James River estuary, Virginia, was less than 120 _m³sec^-1. There was a peak phytoplankton biomass in the very low salinity region (defined as the location where surface salinity measured less than 0.5$ 0/00) and this peak represented five to ten times greater biomass than adjacent waters. The peak biomass occurred independent of the tidal state and the location of nutrient inputs. It disappeared during winter and spring, and nutrient limitation was not responsible for the low phytoplankton biomass, indicating there were physical, not chemical controlling factors.

The peak biomass …

Investigation Of Complex Formation By Oligomers Of Cytosine And Guanosine, Steven Roberts Davis

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Duplex formation between oligo(C:G) _n where n=3 to 4 was shown not to occur under conditions favorable for duplex formation between poly G and poly C. Instead, a stable guano sine self-structure was found to form which a T_m of 50°C for (Gp)₃ and 80°C for (Gp)₄ at strand concentrations of 10^-5M in 1M NaCl. Neither a duplex nor a self-structure formed in the absence of salt.

Oligomers of guanosine and cytosine were obtained by basic hydrolysis and separated according to chain length using DEAE Sephadex column chromatography. Separation of cytosine oligomers with chain lengths …

Molting In The Mature Female Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Rathbun, Kirk J. Havens

OES Theses and Dissertations

The present study examines the hypothesis that mature female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, do not have a terminal anecdysis. Induced molting via eyestalk ablation, size frequency distributions and gonad and limb regeneration indices from field collected animals are used as indicators of potential post maturity molts.

Eyestalk ablation of mature females resulted in ecdysis approximately 51 days after ablation, indicating a physiological ability if mature females to complete ecdysis. Analysis of size frequency distributions indicates two distinct shifts from smaller to larger females, one in early spring and a second in early fall. While migration of larger females into …

Benthic Invertebrates And Crayfish Of Lake Mead, Susan K. Peck, William L. Pratt, James E. Pollard, Larry J. Paulson, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

The objectives of this study were to:

1. Establish baseline densities of benthic invertebrates and relative abundance of crayfish in Lake Mead.

2. Evaluate the distributions of benthic organisms and crayfish in relation to existing habitat conditions and 1imnological characteristics of Lake Mead.

3. Measure seasonal changes in abundances of benthic organisms and crayfish in Lake Mead.

4. Compare observations of Procambarus clarkii life history in Lake Mead to reports from other aquatic systems.

5. Evaluate the importance of benthic organisms and crayfish as food sources for game fish in Lake Mead.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No. 3. September 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION TREND OF WESTERN MEADOWLARKS IN ILLINOIS ▪ R. D. Applegate and A. G. Willms

EFFECT OF DISRUPTIVE BACKGROUND ON PREDATION OF ARTIFICIAL NESTS BY AMERICAN CROWS ▪ L. G. Sugden

AVIAN HABITAT OCCUPANCY FOLLOWING FIRE IN A MONTANA SHRUB STEPPE ▪ C. E. Bock and J. H. Bock

ACTIVITY OF A WILD BLACK-FOOTED FERRET LITTER ▪ R. Paunovich and S. C. Forrest

EGG-DIAMETER DEVELOPMENT OF GIZZARD SHAD COLLECTED FROM A GREAT PLAINS RESERVOIR ▪ C. A. Cox and D. …

Analysis Of The Water-Quality Standards Proposed By The Nevada Division Of Environmental Protection, City Of Las Vegas, Nevada

Publications (WR)

The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (DEP) has proposed water-quality standards, applicable to Las Vegas Bay and Lake Mead, for (1) chlorophyll, (2) un-ionized ammonia, and (3) pH.

We have concluded that the proposed standards are unlikely to protect or improve water quality in Lake Mead. The proposed chlorophyll standard:

May harm the fishery. Lakes with more chlorophyll have greater fish production.

Will not improve clarity. Chlorophyll concentrations above 30 ug/1 have little effect on clarity.

Will not protect against scums or dominance by blue-green algae. Lake Mead shows no consistent relationship between chlorophyll and scums or blue-green dominance.

Will …

Estimation Of Food Limitation In Daphnia Pulex From Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, Thomas Mark Bartanen

Publications (WR)

In February, 1982 I began a year-long study to determine if growth and reproduction in Daphnia Pulex were limited by the amount of food available in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. To determine this, I made monthly collections of Daphnia Pulex and natural lake seston from an already established station in Boulder Basin. I cultured the Daphnia Pulex under simulated field conditions in a flow-through feeding apparatus using four different food regimes; 1-natural lake seston filtered through 80 um mesh to remove other zooplankton, 2-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 10³ cells-ml^-1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, 3-lake …

Development Of Dynamic Non-Hortonian Watershed Models For Steeply Sloping Forested Watersheds: Application To Eastern Kentucky, Lindell E. Ormsbee, Abdul Q. Khan

KWRRI Research Reports

A comprehensive conceptual watershed model is developed to simulate the hydrologic response of steeply sloping forested watersheds. Two non-Hortonian and two Hortonian models were first tested with data from selected watersheds in West Virginia and eastern Kentucky in order to understand the different mechanisms of flow responsible for storm hydrograph generation in this type of watersheds. The two non-Hortonian models tested were the kinematic storage model (Sloan et al. 1983) and the saturation deficit model (Beven and Wood, 1983). Both models were unable to adequately reproduce the observed hydrographs in the four forested watersheds considered in this research. The two …

Drains : A Method Of Financially Assessing Drains Used To Mitigate Waterlogging In South-Western Australia, John S. Salerian, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

Seepage interceptor drains are often effective in mitigating waterlogging in duplex (sand over clay) soils on hill slopes in the sout-west. Spoon and W drains are sometimes effective in removing excess surface waters form clay flats.

This report outlines a method to determine the long-term (1 to 20 years) cost-effectiveness of installing drains to mitigate waterlogging for each individual situation.

Lake Mead Cover Enhancement Project, Jennifer Stevens Haley, Suzanne Leavitt, Larry Paulson, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

Ninety-three wildlife agencies were surveyed for information on their attempts to improve fish habitat. In addition, an annotated bibliography including over 100 summaries was completed on:

1. largemouth bass cover requirements and preferences,

2. use and effectiveness of artificial cover,

3. aquatic plant introduction and species requirements for germination and establishment,

4. terrestrial plant introduction and species requirements for germination and establishment, and

5. nutrient exchange between sediment, aquatic plants, and water.

A reconnaissance of existing terrestrial and aquatic vegetation was completed in June 1986 including the production of a video tape of the Nevada shoreline of Lake Mead.

Cover …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 29 Number 4, Summer 1987, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - ALASKA DIARY From the journal Bill Regan kept on his 1931 expedition to Alaska with Father Hubbard. By William V. Regan. Edited by Peg Major

18 - THE U.S. AND THE VATICAN An excerpt from Eric Hanson's new book sets the stage for the pope's September visit. By Eric O. Hanson

21 - MR. ESPY GOES TO WASHINGTON Mike Espy '78 (JD) is Mississippi's first black congressman since Reconstruction. By Carla Hall

24 - BURIED TREASURE For every child God gave them, Kathy and Allen Hayes '66 promised to adopt another. By Allen and Kathy Triplett Hayes '66

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

An Annual Study Of Phytoplankton Composition And Associated Environmental Conditions Of Lake Trashmore, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Seba B. Sheavly

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A 12 month study of Lake Trashmore was conducted on phytoplankton composition, inorganic nutrients and their seasonal associations. The dominant phytoplankton groups observed were diatoms, chlorophyceans and cyanobacteria. Phytoplankton assemblage patterns were coupled with pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrites and silicates. Diatoms dominated during periods of high nutrient concentrations, cooler temperatures and an unstable water column. Cyanobacteria forms dominated during periods of warmer temperatures, higher pH and decreased nitrogen and dissolved oxygen concentrations. A seasonal community shift occurred from cyanobacterial dominance to chlorophycean dominance when pH levels decreased. The lake is eutrophic based on indices of chlorophyll a concentrations, transparency …

Growth Potential Of Young Black Sea Bass, Centropristis Striata, In Artificial Environments, Joung Won Kim

OES Theses and Dissertations

The growth potential of the commercially important marine finfish, black sea bass (Centropristis striata), was examined for aquaculture under controlled conditions. The effect of food and body weight on growth was evaluated using juveniles and young black sea bass cultured with a natural diet and a commercial diet at various feeding levels.

Growth was affected by type of food, food consumption rate, and fish body weight. For fish having positive weight gain, absolute growth rate (gram/day) increased exponentially as food consumption rate (percent of body weight per day) and/or body weight increased. Instantaneous growth rate (percent of body weight per …

A Comparison Of Potential Fishing Methods Associated With Fish Aggregating Devices Off The Northeast Coast Of Puerto Rico, Alan M. Friedlander

OES Theses and Dissertations

Six fish aggregating devices (FADs) were deployed in June and monitored through December 1986. Emphasis was placed on trolling, live-bait handlining and longlining.

There was a significant difference (x2 = 7.815, pCoryphaena hippurus) which made up 64.2% of the catch.

Handlining at night around inshore buoys for one boat yielded 82.7 kg per trip. Pelagic fish comprised 83.9% of the catch, with the majority (81.4%) being kingfish (Scomberomorous cavalla). Catch rates were 50% higher and the species diversity much greater on the FADs versus control during experimental nightfishing, but the difference was not significant.

Longlining resulted in 3.4 …

Synthesis Of Potential Long Acting Calcium Channel Antagonists: A Study Of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Analogs, Thomas E. Christos

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

An investigation was undertaken to synthesize and evaluate longer acting analogs to the antihypertensive agent nifedipine. Analogs that are capable of covalent bonding to the nifedipine receptor were considered. These compounds may show increased activity as they will remain at the receptor for a longer period of time.

During the course of this study, previously unreported and unexpected products were encountered and lead to a more intense examination of the Hantzsch synthesis. Of particular interest was the oxazolidine 25 which was a major component of the Hantzsch synthesis when ethanolamine was used instead of ammonium hydroxide. Also isolated during this …

Reactions Of Organic N-Chloramines In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Kathryn E. Mazina

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant may have potential health effects due to its reactivity with organic amino nitrogen compounds found in the stomach. Organic N-chloramines have been shown to form in the stomachs of laboratory rats. The possible reactions of N-chloramines in the stomach fluid were examined in this study using a model radiolabeled N-chloramine. ³⁶Cl-N-Chloropiperidine, was synthesized and purified to remove ³⁶Cl-chloride. Stomach fluid was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats which had been first fasted for 24 or 48 hours and then administered 3 mL of deionized water. Different concentrations of radiolabeled chloramine were reacted with …