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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G. Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard
Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G. Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
To evaluate the effect of fish growth on mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation, a non-steady state toxicokinetic model, combined with a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, was developed to simulate Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model was validated by comparing observed versus predicted Hg and PCB 180 concentrations across 5 age classes from five different waterbodies across North America. The non-steady state model generated accurate predictions for Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in three of five waterbodies: Apsey, Sharbot and Stonelick Lake. The poor performance of the model for the Detroit River and Lake Hartwell, …
The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman
The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman
Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications
Chemical form (i.e., species) can influence metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and should be considered to improve human health risk assessment. Factors that influence metal speciation (and examples) include: (1) carrier-mediated processes for specific metal species (arsenic, chromium, lead and manganese), (2) valence state (arsenic, chromium, manganese and mercury), (3) particle size (lead and manganese), (4) the nature of metal binding ligands (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, and manganese), (5) whether the metal is an organic versus inorganic species (arsenic, lead, and mercury), and (6) biotransformation of metal species (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese and mercury). The influence of speciation on metal …
Toxicology Of Synthetic Pyrethroids In Aquatic Organisms: An Overview, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats, D. M. Symonik, S. D. Dyer, L. K. Timson, G. J. Atchison
Toxicology Of Synthetic Pyrethroids In Aquatic Organisms: An Overview, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats, D. M. Symonik, S. D. Dyer, L. K. Timson, G. J. Atchison
Steven P. Bradbury
The aquatic toxicology of the photostable synthetic pyrethroid insecticides as it affects two important groups of susceptible organisms — fish and aquatic insects — is discussed. The sensitivity of these aquatic species to the pyrethroids is dependent on several factors, including toxicokinetics, target site (nervous system), sensitivity and possible secondary mechanisms of action, as well as chemical and physical properties of the aquatic medium that influence toxicity and bioavailability. Uptake rates and routes of fenvalerate greatly affected the toxicity of fenvalerate to mosquito larvae. LD50 values were determined for cuticular and dietary exposure routes by utilizing radiolabeled fenvalerate at the …
Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics Of Pyrethroid Insecticides In Fish, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats
Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics Of Pyrethroid Insecticides In Fish, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats
Steven P. Bradbury
The pyrethroid insecticides are extremely toxic to fish, with 96—h LC50 values generally below 10 μg/L and i.p. and i.v. LD50 values below 20 mg/kg. Corresponding LD50 values in mammals and birds are in the range of several hundred to several thousand milligrams per kilogram. This review examines pyrethroid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in fish as critical factors associated with species selectivity. Studies with permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have established that rates of metabolism and elimination in rainbow trout are significantly lower than those reported for birds and mammals. Comparatively low lethal brain pyrethroid concentrations and nonneural aspects of pyrethroid intoxication …
Comparative Toxicology Of The Pyrethroid Insecticides, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats
Comparative Toxicology Of The Pyrethroid Insecticides, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats
Steven P. Bradbury
The toxic effects elicited by synthetic pyrethroids in animals are varied in degree and nature. Their relative safety to birds and mammals contrasts sharply with their acute effects on fish and arthropods. Explantation of their differences in toxicity depends on examination of all factors of their comparative toxicology. Routes of exposure are important, as are metabolism and elimination rates, especially for mammals and birds with their considerable capabilities for biotransformation. Significant differences in sensitivity at the sites of toxic action may also play a role in differential responses to these insecticides. Finally, physical properties that influence the environmental disposition and …