Life Sciences Commons^™

Toxicology Of Synthetic Pyrethroids In Aquatic Organisms: An Overview, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats, D. M. Symonik, S. D. Dyer, L. K. Timson, G. J. Atchison

Steven P. Bradbury

The aquatic toxicology of the photostable synthetic pyrethroid insecticides as it affects two important groups of susceptible organisms — fish and aquatic insects — is discussed. The sensitivity of these aquatic species to the pyrethroids is dependent on several factors, including toxicokinetics, target site (nervous system), sensitivity and possible secondary mechanisms of action, as well as chemical and physical properties of the aquatic medium that influence toxicity and bioavailability. Uptake rates and routes of fenvalerate greatly affected the toxicity of fenvalerate to mosquito larvae. LD50 values were determined for cuticular and dietary exposure routes by utilizing radiolabeled fenvalerate at the …

Thermal Desorption Of Hazardous And Toxic Organic Compounds, Manuel S. Nolau

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to study the thermal desorption behavior of toxic organic compounds, specifically o-xylene, p-xylene, ethyl benzene, p-chlorotoluene, and anthracene, from soil with respect to temperature and time, and to develop a mathematical model that will describe this desorption behavior. The model will allow prediction of the concentration of an organic contaminant in commercial soil desorption system over time given a known set of parameters of the specific chemical as well as flow rate and temperature. For this purpose, two sets of experiments were done: These are identified as 1. Thermal desorption and 2. plug flow …

Study Of An Analytical Method For Benzo(A)Pyrene Metabolites In Human Urine, Zheng Ouyang

Theses

A method developed by Becher and Bjorseth for analysis of PAH metabolites in urine was employed to investigate human exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) - an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen. Preliminary results are presented showing the relationship between exposure to BaP and urinary elimination. Although the correlation between the two variables is not statistically significant, there appears to be a positive association with selected exposure varibles such as smoking. The identification of an association may establish urinary BaP as a marker of exposure.

However, detailed study of the analytical procedure indicated that recoveries with this method were as low as 3-8% for …

Microbial Competition In The Biodegradation Of Phenol, Mary Ellen Frank

Theses

Three phenol degraders were isolated from the mixed liquor of the Livingston, NJ municipal treatment plant. Shaker flask experiments using one of the degraders (a Pseudomonas sp.) resulted in the determination of its kinetic rate constants. The second phenol degrader (a Xanthamonas) lost its phenol degrading ability while being stored, and its kinetic rate constants could not be determined. The third phenol degrader (a Pseudomonas cepacia) formed flocs which interfered with the spectrophotometric determination of biomass and therefore its kinetic rate constants also could not be determined.

Mixed culture experiments were carried out using a the Pseudomonas sp. and a …

Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics Of Pyrethroid Insecticides In Fish, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats

Steven P. Bradbury

The pyrethroid insecticides are extremely toxic to fish, with 96—h LC50 values generally below 10 μg/L and i.p. and i.v. LD50 values below 20 mg/kg. Corresponding LD50 values in mammals and birds are in the range of several hundred to several thousand milligrams per kilogram. This review examines pyrethroid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in fish as critical factors associated with species selectivity. Studies with permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have established that rates of metabolism and elimination in rainbow trout are significantly lower than those reported for birds and mammals. Comparatively low lethal brain pyrethroid concentrations and nonneural aspects of pyrethroid intoxication …

Immunologic, Hematologic, And Endocrine Responses To Subacute And Subchronic Exposures To Graded, Subanesthetic Levels Of Nitrous Oxide In Cd-1 Mice, Charles E. Healy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) oxidizes vitamin B12. disrupting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Occupational exposures to subanesthetic levels of the gas have been documented that may result in suppressed proliferative cell activities. Male CD-I mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, and 5000 parts of N₂O per million parts of air (ppm) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 and 13 weeks. Splenic lymphocytes were assayed for responsiveness to mitogens and for the ability to produce interleukin-2 (lL-2) . Tritiated-thymidine ([³H]-TdR) uptake was measured in CD-I splenic lymphocytes cultured in a mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC). Cytolytic cell …

Selenium And Iron In The Rat Intestine: Effects On Lipid Peroxidation, Sileny Vega

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Effects of Fe and Se status on GSHPx activity and lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal mucosa were studied. Rats were Se and Fe supplemented (+Se+Fe), Se-deficient and Fe-supplemented (-Se+Fe), Se supplemented and Fe overloaded (+Se++Fe) by intramuscular injection, or Se deficient and Fe overloaded (-Se++Fe) for 20d. Fe overloaded tissues had more Fe, but hemoglobin was unaffected. Liver and mucosal GSHPx activity was low in Se-deficient rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in Fe overloaded and -Se++Fe vs +Se++Fe tissues. Mucosal TBARS was higher in -Se++Fe rats gavaged with CBrCl₃. In experiment 2, Fe overload …

A Quantitative Assessment Of Minerals Of Toxicological Importance In Utah Fast Foods, Lisa R. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

X-ray flourescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) measurements for manganese, iron, copper, and zinc were compared for 96 samples of 21 foods from different sources. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 for manganese, 0.99 for iron, 0.93 for copper, and 0.91 for zinc for XRF vs. AAS determinations.

Similiar comparisons were performed on 228 samples of fast foods purchased in Utah retail outlets. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 for copper to 0.97 for iron and zinc. Comparisons of values generated by XRF for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and aluminum to values certified by the National Bureau of Standards indicated …

Use Of Respiratory-Cardiovascular Responses Of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) In Identifying Acute Toxicity Syndromes In Fish: Part 3. Polar Narcotics, Steven P. Bradbury, Tala R. Henry, Gerald J. Niemi, Richard W. Carlson, Virginia M. Snarski

Steven P. Bradbury

The physiological responses of rainbow trout to acutely lethal aqueous concentrations of the suspected polar narcotics phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, aniline, 2-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline were examined. Visible signs of intoxication included tremors that progressed to whole-organism clonic seizures, followed by general depression and respiratory-cardiovascular collapse. Tremors and seizures were usually initiated with coughs. The most striking changes in the respiratory-cardiovascular parameters for all five toxicants included elevated cough frequency (coincident with seizures), ventilation frequency and hematocrit, and depressed gill oxygen uptake efficiency, arterial pH, total arterial oxygen and total arterial carbon dioxide. The physiological responses noted were attributed to the initial muscular …

Environmental Assessment In Bioethanol Technology Using Immobilized Yeast Cells, Minoo Kandy Zarnegar

Theses

This study is undertaken from the standpoint of water pollution evaluation in bioethanol technology, using immobilized yeast cells. Evaluation of water pollution caused by immobilized yeast fermentation is the main objective of this research.

The pollution in water remaining at the end of ethanol production, which is normally discharged in the wastewater stream, has been analyzed by the measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD), since BOD measurement is one of the widely used parameters for water pollution evaluation. BOD obtained from produced water (stillage) was between the range of 115- 360 mg/l. The variation in BOD depended upon the removal …

Biochemical And Pharmacological Studies On The Interaction Of Protamine With Heparins, Adrienne L. Racanelli

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Cytotoxic And Dna Damaging Effects Of Ethylcholine Mustard Aziridinium Ion (Af64a), Diane Marie Barnes

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Polar Narcosis In Aquatic Organisms, Steven P. Bradbury, Richard W. Carlson, Tala R. Henry

Steven P. Bradbury

The majority of industrial organic chemicals lack identifiable structural characteristics that result in specific biological activity. These nonpolar-nonelectrolytes are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms via a nonspecific mode of action termed narcosis. The toxicity of industrial chemicals eliciting nonpolar narcosis can be reliably predicted by log P (baseline toxicity models). Using single chemical and joint toxic action models, several research groups have reported classes of polar compounds (for example, esters, phenols, and anilines) that elicit a narcosis-like syndrome; however, they are more acutely toxic than what is predicted using baseline toxicity models. An assessment of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in …

Comparative Toxicology Of The Pyrethroid Insecticides, Steven P. Bradbury, Joel R. Coats

Steven P. Bradbury

The toxic effects elicited by synthetic pyrethroids in animals are varied in degree and nature. Their relative safety to birds and mammals contrasts sharply with their acute effects on fish and arthropods. Explantation of their differences in toxicity depends on examination of all factors of their comparative toxicology. Routes of exposure are important, as are metabolism and elimination rates, especially for mammals and birds with their considerable capabilities for biotransformation. Significant differences in sensitivity at the sites of toxic action may also play a role in differential responses to these insecticides. Finally, physical properties that influence the environmental disposition and …

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report

Prepared by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Augusta, Maine 1989.

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methodology / Statewide Water Quality Summary / State And Local Agency Programs for Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution / Process for Identification of Best Management Practices and Associated Standards / List of References / List of Figures / List of Tables

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

Microbiological Assay Of The Combination Of Streptomycin With Other Antibiotics In Pharmaceutical Product And Body Fluid(การใช้ Semicarbazide ในการวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณยาปฏิชีวนะท..., อารีรัตน์ ลออปักษา, วิมลมาศ ลิปิพันธ์, กิ่งฟ้า ทพัย์มนขัย

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The microbiological assay of penicillin in the combination of penicillin and streptomycin by using selective inactivation was compared to the one using specific strain of test organism. The potency of penicillin G (% labeled amount) in the assay with sem...

Bioavailability Of Amoxicillin For Oral Suspension Marketed In Thailand In Healthy Volunteers(การเอื้อประโยชน์ในร่างกายของยาแขวนตะกอน อะมอกซิชิลลิน ..., วราภรณ์ สุวกูล, สุชาดา ประเสริฐวิทยาการ

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The in vivo study was to assess the bioequivalence of the eleven locally manufactured brands of 125 milligrams per 5 milliliters of reconstituted amoxicillin suspensions, compared with the original brand, Amoxil-Bencard(R) The bioavailability was evaluat...

Rimantadine Hydrochloride ยาต้านไวรัส, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rimantadine hydrochloride เป็นยาต้านไวรัสมีสูตรโครงสร้างใกล้เคียงกับ amantadine มีผลในการ ยับยั้งการเพิ่มจำนวน...

ประมวลบทคัดย่อ, N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

ที่ซึ่งไม่มีเภสัชกร, N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Possibility Of Using Medium Price Of Drugs And Medical Products And Additude To The Ministry Of Health Regulation About Buying Drugs And Medical Products Of Ministry Of Health(การสำรวจสภาพความเป็นไปใน..., บุญอรรถ สายศร, ฐิตินนท์ เอื้ออำนวย, จินฅนา หวังบุญสกุล, ธีระพล เกียรฒติสุรนนท์, รุจิรา ยงสิทธิสวัสดิ์, วัลลภ นิธินนท์, วิรัช องค์อนันต์คุณ, สุวรรณ ศรีสวัสดิ์ศักดิ์, อัมพร ด่านชลวิจิฅร, กฤช ถนอมกุล

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

According to the research of the possibility of using the Drugs and Medical Products Medium Price in term of quantity and price after the Ministry of Health enacted the use of Medium Price of the National Drug List (August 4, 1986), we found that 70% of ...

ยาที่ไม่เหมาะสม : ผลิตภัณฑ์ยาที่ใช้รักษาอาการ ประจำเดือนผิดปกติ, สุนทรี วิทยานารถไพศาล

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cefixime เชฟาโลสปอรินสำหรับรับประทานตัวใหม่, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Cefixime เป็นเซฟาโลสปอรินตัวแรกในรุ่นที่ 3 ที่ใช้รับประทานได้ ออกฤทธิ์ได้ดีต่อ Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae...

แอสไพริน: การใช้ป้องกันโรคหัวใจ และเส้นเลือดอุดตันในสมอง, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

การใช้แอสไพรินเพื่อป้องกันอาการทางหัวใจและหลอดเลือดมีกลไกการออกฤทธิ์โดยแอสไพริน จะยับ...

Misoprostol : Prostaglandin E1 Analog ซึ่งมีฤทธิ์ Antisecretory และ Cytoprotective, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Misoprostol เป็นเมธิลเอสเทอร์อนาลอคของพรอสตาแกลนดิน อี1 ยานี้มีฤทธิ์ต้านการหลั่งกรด ในกระเพาะ แล...

นาทีวิกฤตผจญ Anaphylaxis, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

บทความเกี่ยวกับปฏิกิริยา anaphylaxis และ anaphylactoid อาการต่าง ๆ ที่เกิดขึ้นและการรักษา Anaphylaxis ก็คือ อาการแ...

Current Therapeutic Findings, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Traditional Medicines : Look Back And Foreward, Nijsiri Ruangrungsi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Study On Tablet Dosage Form Development Of Thai Official Traditional Household Remedies Using Modern Medicine Standards. (การศึกษาการพัฒนารูปแบบยาเม็ด ของยาสามัญประจำ..., มาลี บรรจบ, ธิดารัตน์ ปลื้มใจ

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Tablet formulas of six Thai official traditional household remedies were developed. They were Leoung-Pid-Samutr, Tri-Hom, Chan-Tha-Lee-La, Khieo-Hom, Hom-Na-Wa-Koth and Pra-Sa-Plai. Ninety kinds of crude drugs were used as the active components in those ...