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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Standardized Fish Bioassay Procedure For Detecting And Culturing Actively Toxic Pfiesteria, Used By Two Reference Laboratories For Atlantic And Gulf Coast States, Joann M. Burkholder, Harold G. Marshall, David W. Seaborn, Nora J. Deamer-Melia
The Standardized Fish Bioassay Procedure For Detecting And Culturing Actively Toxic Pfiesteria, Used By Two Reference Laboratories For Atlantic And Gulf Coast States, Joann M. Burkholder, Harold G. Marshall, David W. Seaborn, Nora J. Deamer-Melia
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
In the absence of purified standards of toxins from Pfiesteria species, appropriately conducted fish bioassays are the "gold standard" that must be used to detect toxic strains of Pfiesteria slop. from natural estuarine water or sediment samples and to culture actively toxic Pfiesteria. In this article, we describe the standardized steps of our fish bioassay as an abbreviated term for a procedure that includes two sets of trials with fish, following the Henle-Koch postulates modified for toxic rather than infectious agents. This procedure was developed in 1991, and has been refined over more than 12 years of experience in …
Map Kinases In Cynomolgus Monkey Sperm Hyperactivation, Emily Nicole Haynes
Map Kinases In Cynomolgus Monkey Sperm Hyperactivation, Emily Nicole Haynes
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Mammalian sperm exhibit characteristic motility patterns, termed hyperactivated (HA) motility, associated with completion of capacitation. In cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) sperm, this HA motility is dependent in vitro upon the addition of exogenous cyclic nucleotide mediators, caffeine and dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP). Previous reports have shown protein tyrosine phosphorylation to be an integral component of this caffeine- and cAMP-stimulated HA motility. This study investigated the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-signaling cascade. Semen specimens were collected in Talp-HEPES medium from proven breeders via electroejaculation. After washing, sperm were incubated in the presence and absence of the MAP …
Development Of An Electrotransformation Technique For Streptococcus Iniae And Preliminary Characterization Of The Hemolysin Associated With This Bacterium, Kimberly Ann Hahn
Development Of An Electrotransformation Technique For Streptococcus Iniae And Preliminary Characterization Of The Hemolysin Associated With This Bacterium, Kimberly Ann Hahn
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive organism responsible for causing disease in both freshwater as well as saltwater fish. Every year fisheries lose fish by the tons due to diseases caused by this organism. In 1991, the first reported human case of disease associated with this organism was described. Since this initial case, there have been numerous other reported cases of S. iniae infections. This organism is a catalase negative, facultatively anaerobic organism that produces a capsule and when plated onto blood agar demonstrates β-hemolytic activity.
In this study, the relationship between the hemolysin produced by S. iniae and the lactate …
Estrogen Regulation Of The Pregnant Baboon Placental 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11Β-Hsd)-Catalyzed Metabolism Of Cortisol And Cortisone And Its Effect On The Development Of The Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, William Adair Davies
Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences
Pepe and Albrecht previously demonstrated that the estrogen-regulated change in transuteroplacental metabolism of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) from preferential reduction (E to F) at midgestation to oxidation (F to E) near term results in a decline of bioactive cortisol crossing the placenta and reaching the fetus culminating in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis of the baboon and the ontogenesis of rate-limiting steroidogenic enzymes culminating in de novo F secretion. Protein kinase A (PK-A) activity in the baboon fetal adrenal gland cytosolic fraction was increased 2-fold both at term [day 165 of gestation (term = 184 days)] and following …
Positive Regulation Of Pka On Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Hgnrh) Gene Expression In Human Placental Jeg-3 Cells, Zhaoyang Wen
Positive Regulation Of Pka On Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Hgnrh) Gene Expression In Human Placental Jeg-3 Cells, Zhaoyang Wen
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
Using the human placental choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell line as an in vitro human placental model, we studied the mechanisms of the PKA positive regulation of the hGnRH gene expression in the human placenta. Studies in JEG3 cells showed that through the PKA catalytic subunit a, human GnRH upstream promoter activity was stimulated by PKA signaling pathway in a cAMP dependent mechanism. The sequence between —202 (Afl II) and —554 (BamH I) base pair in the human GnRH upstream promoter region appeared to be responsible for the PKA positive regulation of the gene expression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated the involvement …
Interactions Among Murine Cytomegalovirus Us22 Family Gene Products That Influence Viral Pathogenesis, Zaruhi Karabekian
Interactions Among Murine Cytomegalovirus Us22 Family Gene Products That Influence Viral Pathogenesis, Zaruhi Karabekian
Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a complex, ubiquitous herpesvirus that is characterized by acute, chronic, and latent infections. Monocytes-macrophages are the key target cell type involved in pathogenesis, which is most effectively studied using the murine model of CMV infection. Previously three murine CMV (MCMV) genes (M139, M140, and M141) were identified to regulate viral expression in cultured macrophages and in mice. These genes are members of the US22 gene family with respect to HCMV homology. There is no function assigned to the proteins encoded by these genes. However, deletion of M139, M140, and M141 significantly curtails growth of MCMV in macrophages …
A Comparison Of Phytoplankton Communities In Lake Prince And The Western Branch Reservoir, Suffolk, Virginia, Cara Marie Muscio
A Comparison Of Phytoplankton Communities In Lake Prince And The Western Branch Reservoir, Suffolk, Virginia, Cara Marie Muscio
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Lake Prince and the Western Branch Reservoir are two eutrophic bodies of water located in Suffolk, Virginia. Lake Prince and its two small tributaries join the Western branch via a constructed spillway. This lake system is a source of water for the surrounding municipalities, and a recreational area for community citizens. In the past, these bodies of water had repeated incidents of low oxygen and nuisance algal blooms, particularly cyanobacteria species. As a result aerators have been installed in the main body of both Lake Prince and the Western Branch Reservoir. In addition, a pipeline has been installed from North …
Investigations Into The Innate Resistance Of The Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis, When Challenged With The Bacterium, Escherichia Coli, Shane Michael Ceraul
Investigations Into The Innate Resistance Of The Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis, When Challenged With The Bacterium, Escherichia Coli, Shane Michael Ceraul
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
In addition to the soluble response, many invertebrates control bacterial infections by means of phagocytosis or melanotic encapsulation. In some insects, Escherichia coli growth is reported to be inhibited by aggregation/encapsulation. Soluble and phagocytic responses to bacterial challenge have been reported in ticks, but evidence of an aggregation/encapsulation response was reported only for inanimate (araldite) implants. This study was done to determine how ticks control infection by E. coli. Ticks were challenged by direct inoculation of bacteria into the hemocoel cavity. Using plate counts, no viable E. coli were detected I hour post-inoculation. A direct fluorescence assay (DF A) …
Childhood Obesity And Its Relationship To Sedentary Behavior Patterns Vs. Other Independent Risk Factors Of Obesity Among Navy Dependent Adolescents, Shaye Lauren Arluk
Childhood Obesity And Its Relationship To Sedentary Behavior Patterns Vs. Other Independent Risk Factors Of Obesity Among Navy Dependent Adolescents, Shaye Lauren Arluk
Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations
Background According to data gathered in the NHANES 1999 survey 14% of American children are now classified as obese, a 60% increase in prevalence from the NHANES II survey in 1976. Multiple research studies have looked at the role of dietary intake, heredity, and physical activity participation as independent risk factors of obesity with mixed results. However, sedentary behavior patterns, which have markedly increased in the past ten years, have not been extensively studied in relation to childhood obesity. The goal of this study was to focus on the relationship between various sedentary behaviors and childhood obesity.
Methods Two descriptive …
Effect Of Magnesium On The Production Of Scna And Scnr By Streptococcus Pyogenes, Strain Ff22, Laura E. Quinn
Effect Of Magnesium On The Production Of Scna And Scnr By Streptococcus Pyogenes, Strain Ff22, Laura E. Quinn
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
The lantibiotic SA-FF22, produced by Streptococcus pyogenes strain FF22, was the first described antimicrobial peptide produced by a Streptococcus species. S. pyogenes is a group A Streptococcus responsible for such human illness as strep-throat, rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis, endocarditis, and meningitis. Previous studies of SA-FF22 have shown that antimicrobial activity is lost in the presence of lmM magnesium. We hypothesize that the lack of SA-FF22 activity in the presence of magnesium is due to an absence of transcription of scnA, the gene encoding SA-FF22. The lack of transcriptional activation of scnA may be due to an absence of ScnR, a …
Seasonal Phytoplankton Assemblages Of Five Ephemeral Ponds In York County, Virginia, Michelle R. Kokolis
Seasonal Phytoplankton Assemblages Of Five Ephemeral Ponds In York County, Virginia, Michelle R. Kokolis
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Five ephemeral ponds were identified in and around the Grafton Ponds Natural Area Preserve, approximately 56 km north of the City of Norfolk, Virginia. These ponds, which are filled seasonally by precipitation and groundwater discharge, range from 0.1 ha to 2 ha in size and from 4 cm to 3 meters in depth. Ponds for the study were chosen based on variations in their size, depth, basin cover material, canopy openness, and historical inundation period. The purpose of this study is to relate differences in the phytoplankton assemblages to the physical and chemical characteristics of the ponds. All five ponds …