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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 2010-2014 Progress Report, 1 September 2012 - 31 August 2013, Philip W. Sadler, Matthew W. Smith, John M. Hoenig, Shelley E. Sullivan, Robert E. Harris, Lydia M. Goins
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 2010-2014 Progress Report, 1 September 2012 - 31 August 2013, Philip W. Sadler, Matthew W. Smith, John M. Hoenig, Shelley E. Sullivan, Robert E. Harris, Lydia M. Goins
Reports
This report presents the results of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) tagging and monitoring activities in Virginia during the period 1 September 2012 through 31 August 2013. It includes an assessment of the biological characteristics of striped bass taken from the 2013 spring spawning run, estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality based on annual spring tagging, and the results of the study that documents the prevalence of mycobacterial infections of striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. The information contained in this report is required by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission and is used to implement a coordinated management plan for …
Invertebrate Identification Guide For Chesmmap And Neamap Diet Analysis Studies, Chesapeake Bay Multispecies Monitoring And Assessment Program
Invertebrate Identification Guide For Chesmmap And Neamap Diet Analysis Studies, Chesapeake Bay Multispecies Monitoring And Assessment Program
Reports
This is a compilation of identification resources for invertebrates found in stomach samples. By no means is it a complete list of all possible prey types. It is simply what has been found in past ChesMMAP and NEAMAP diet studies.
Does Presence Of A Mid-Ocean Ridge Enhance Biomass And Biodiversity?, Ig Priede, Oa Bergstad, Pi Miller, M Vecchione, A Gebruk, Et Al, Tt Sutton
Does Presence Of A Mid-Ocean Ridge Enhance Biomass And Biodiversity?, Ig Priede, Oa Bergstad, Pi Miller, M Vecchione, A Gebruk, Et Al, Tt Sutton
VIMS Articles
In contrast to generally sparse biological communities in open-ocean settings, seamounts and ridges are perceived as areas of elevated productivity and biodiversity capable of supporting commercial fisheries. We investigated the origin of this apparent biological enhancement over a segment of the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) using sonar, corers, trawls, traps, and a remotely operated vehicle to survey habitat, biomass, and biodiversity. Satellite remote sensing provided information on flow patterns, thermal fronts, and primary production, while sediment traps measured export flux during 2007-2010. The MAR, 3,704,404 km 2 in area, accounts for 44.7% lower bathyal habitat (800-3500 m depth) in the …
Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2012, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham
Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2012, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham
Reports
Through 2012, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 18-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a cooperative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).
Ecosystem Effects Of Shell Aggregations And Cycling In Coastal Waters: An Example Of Chesapeake Bay Oyster Reefs, G G. Waldbusser, E N. Powell, Roger L. Mann
Ecosystem Effects Of Shell Aggregations And Cycling In Coastal Waters: An Example Of Chesapeake Bay Oyster Reefs, G G. Waldbusser, E N. Powell, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Disease, overharvesting, and pollution have impaired the role of bivalves on coastal ecosystems, some to the point of functional extinction. An underappreciated function of many bivalves in these systems is shell formation. The ecological significance of bivalve shell has been recognized; geochemical effects are now more clearly being understood. A positive feedback exists between shell aggregations and healthy bivalve populations in temperate estuaries, thus linking population dynamics to shell budgets and alkalinity cycling. On oysterreefs a balanced shell budget requires healthy long-lived bivalves to maximize shell input permortality event thereby countering shell loss. Active and dense populations of filter-feeding bivalves …
Temporal Shifts In Top-Down Vs. Bottom-Up Control Of Epiphytic Algae In A Seagrass Ecosystem, Ma Whalen, Je Duffy, Jb Grace
Temporal Shifts In Top-Down Vs. Bottom-Up Control Of Epiphytic Algae In A Seagrass Ecosystem, Ma Whalen, Je Duffy, Jb Grace
VIMS Articles
In coastal marine food webs, small invertebrate herbivores (mesograzers) have long been hypothesized to occupy an important position facilitating dominance of habitat-forming macrophytes by grazing competitively superior epiphytic algae. Because of the difficulty of manipulating mesograzers in the field, however, their impacts on community organization have rarely been rigorously documented. Understanding mesograzer impacts has taken on increased urgency in seagrass systems due to declines in seagrasses globally, caused in part by widespread eutrophication favoring seagrass overgrowth by faster-growing algae. Using cage-free field experiments in two seasons (fall and summer), we present experimental confirmation that mesograzer reduction and nutrients can promote …
Multiple Predator Species Alter Prey Behavior, Population Growth, And A Trophic Cascade In A Model Estuarine Food Web, Pl Reynolds, Jf Bruno
Multiple Predator Species Alter Prey Behavior, Population Growth, And A Trophic Cascade In A Model Estuarine Food Web, Pl Reynolds, Jf Bruno
VIMS Articles
Predators can influence prey population dynamics by affecting prey behaviors with strong fitness consequences, with cascading effects on lower trophic levels. Here, we demonstrate that multiple predator species can nonconsumptively influence prey population growth and the strength of a trophic cascade in a model marine community. We exposed the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana to olfactory and visual cues from three common predators (pinfish, mud crabs, brown shrimp) singly and together in a multiple-predator assemblage to quantify the nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predator identity and the presence of multiple predators on prey population and community-level metrics. The presence of predator cues, …
A Novel Report Of Hatching Plasticity In The Phylum Echinodermata, A Frances Armstrong, Holly N. Blackburn, Jonathan D. Allen
A Novel Report Of Hatching Plasticity In The Phylum Echinodermata, A Frances Armstrong, Holly N. Blackburn, Jonathan D. Allen
Arts & Sciences Articles
Hatching plasticity occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli across many animal taxa, including annelids, arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. Despite the prominence of echinoderms in developmental biology and more than 100 years of detailed examination of their development under a variety of conditions, environmentally cued hatching plasticity has never been reported in the phylum Echinodermata. Here we report plasticity in the timing and stage of hatching of embryos of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma in response to reductions in salinity. Embryos of E. parma increased their time to hatching more than twofold in response to ecologically relevant salinity …
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 2010-2014 Progress Report, 1 September 2011 - 31 August 2012, Philip W. Sadler, Mathew W. Smith, John M. Hoenig, Shelley E. Sullivan, Robert E. Harris, Lydia M. Gions
Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 2010-2014 Progress Report, 1 September 2011 - 31 August 2012, Philip W. Sadler, Mathew W. Smith, John M. Hoenig, Shelley E. Sullivan, Robert E. Harris, Lydia M. Gions
Reports
This report presents the results of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) tagging and monitoring activities in Virginia during the period 1 September 2011 through 31 August 2012. It includes an assessment of the biological characteristics of striped bass taken from the 2012 spring spawning run, estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality based on annual spring tagging, and the results of the study that documents the prevalence of mycobacterial infections of striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. The information contained in this report is required by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission and is used to implement a coordinated management plan for …
2012 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
2012 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
The Annual Awards ceremony is an occasion in which new employees and volunteers are introduced, employee service is recognized and student and faculty awards are presented.
Decline And Local Extinction Of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp, J. Emmett Duffy, Kenneth S. Macdonald, Kristin M. Hultgren, Tin Chi Solomon Chak, Dustin Rubenstein
Decline And Local Extinction Of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp, J. Emmett Duffy, Kenneth S. Macdonald, Kristin M. Hultgren, Tin Chi Solomon Chak, Dustin Rubenstein
VIMS Articles
The tropical shrimp genus Synalpheus includes the only eusocial marine animals. In much of the Caribbean, eusocial species have dominated the diverse fauna of sponge-dwelling shrimp in coral rubble for at least the past two decades. Here we document a recent, dramatic decline and apparent local extinction of eusocial shrimp species on the Belize Barrier Reef. Our collections from shallow reefs in central Belize in 2012 failed to locate three of the four eusocial species formerly abundant in the area, and showed steep declines in colony size and increases in frequency of queenless colonies prior to their disappearance. Concordant with …
Fish Species Distribution In Seagrass Habitats Of Chesapeake Bay Are Structured By Abiotic And Biotic Factors, Jason J. Schaffler, Jacques Van Montfrans, Cynthia M. Jones, R J. Orth
Fish Species Distribution In Seagrass Habitats Of Chesapeake Bay Are Structured By Abiotic And Biotic Factors, Jason J. Schaffler, Jacques Van Montfrans, Cynthia M. Jones, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Seagrass habitats have long been known to serve as nursery habitats for juvenile fish by providing refuges from predation and areas of high forage abundance. However, comparatively less is known about other factors structuring fish communities that make extensive use of seagrass as nursery habitat. We examined both physical and biological factors that may structure the juvenile seagrass-associated fish communities across a synoptic-scale multiyear study in lower Chesapeake Bay. Across 3years of sampling, we collected 21,153 fish from 31 species. Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura made up over 86% of all individuals collected. Nine additional species made up at least 1% …
Compensatory Growth Of The Sandbar Shark In The Western North Atlantic Including The Gulf Of Mexico, J. G. Romine, John A. Musick, R. A. Johnson
Compensatory Growth Of The Sandbar Shark In The Western North Atlantic Including The Gulf Of Mexico, J. G. Romine, John A. Musick, R. A. Johnson
VIMS Articles
The number of Sandbar Sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus in the western North Atlantic Ocean has experienced a drastic decline since the early 1980s, reaching a minimum during the early 1990s. Catch rates in the early 1990s were a mere 25% of those during the 1980s. According to several fishery-independent surveys, the low point in Sandbar Shark abundance followed a period of high exploitation. Growth models fit to age-length data collected from 1980 to 1983 and from 2001 to 2004 were compared to investigate potential changes in parameter estimates that might reveal compensatory responses in the Sandbar Shark population. Statistical differences were …
Photochemical And Microbial Alteration Of Dissolved Organic Matter In Temperate Headwater Streams Associated With Different Land Use, Yuehan Lu, James E. Bauer, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Youhei Yamashita, Randy Chambers, Rudolf Jaffe
Photochemical And Microbial Alteration Of Dissolved Organic Matter In Temperate Headwater Streams Associated With Different Land Use, Yuehan Lu, James E. Bauer, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Youhei Yamashita, Randy Chambers, Rudolf Jaffe
VIMS Articles
Photochemical and microbial transformations of DOM were evaluated in headwater streams draining forested and human-modified lands (pasture, cropland, and urban development) by laboratory incubations. Changes in DOC concentrations, DOC isotopic signatures, and DOM fluorescence properties were measured to assess the amounts, sources, ages, and properties of reactive and refractory DOM under the influence of photochemistry and/or bacteria. DOC in streams draining forest-dominated watersheds was more photoreactive than in streams draining mostly human-modified watersheds, possibly due to greater contributions of terrestrial plant-derived DOC and lower amounts of prior light exposure in forested streams. Overall, the percentage of photoreactive DOC in stream …
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna Ford Mosby
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna Ford Mosby
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Ross Sea is a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean characterized by spatially variable distribution of phytoplankton, primarily Phaeocystis antarctica, but phytoplankton growth rates in the region have not been thoroughly investigated. Variability in growth rates was investigated from January to February 2012 on a cruise to the Ross Sea using two methods: 14C-isotopic tracer incubations and dilution experiments. Because all methods of measuring growth rates may not be appropriate in all systems due to errors inherent to each method, I assessed and compared the two methods for possible sources of error by examining the effect of extended …
Effects Of Episodic Turbulence On Diatoms: With Comments On The Use Of Evans Blue Stain For Live-Dead Determinations, Haley S. Garrison
Effects Of Episodic Turbulence On Diatoms: With Comments On The Use Of Evans Blue Stain For Live-Dead Determinations, Haley S. Garrison
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Episodic turbulence is a short-lived, high-intensity phenomenon in marine environments produced by both anthropogenic and natural causes, such as boat propellers, strong winds, and breaking waves. Episodic turbulence has been shown to cause mortality in zooplankton, but its effects on marine phytoplankton have rarely been investigated. This study focused on two diatoms: Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema costatum. I found that exposure for 45 s to turbulence intensities above 2.5 cm2 s-3 caused 24-32% reduction in diatom abundance and increased the amount of intact dead cells to 22%. Turbulence also caused extracellular release of optically reactive DOM. At a turbulence level …
Effects Of Seasonal Hypoxia On Macrobenthic Production And Function In The Rappahannock River, Virginia, Usa, Sk Sturdivant, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. J. Diaz
Effects Of Seasonal Hypoxia On Macrobenthic Production And Function In The Rappahannock River, Virginia, Usa, Sk Sturdivant, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
Since colonial times, anthropogenic effects have eroded Chesapeake Bay’s health, resulting in an increase in the extent and severity of hypoxia (≤ 2 mg O2 l-1), adversely affecting community structure and secondary production of macrobenthos in the Bay and its tributaries. The influence of hypoxia on macrobenthic communities is well documented, but less well known is the regulatory effect of hypoxia on macrobenthic production. Changes in macrobenthic production were assessed in the lower Rappahannock River, a sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay, in an area known to experience seasonal hypoxia. During the spring, summer, fall, and following spring of …
Internal Versus External Drivers Of Periodic Hypoxia In A Coastal Plain Tributary Estuary: The York River, Virginia, Sj Lake, Mark Brush, Iris C. Anderson, Hi Kator
Internal Versus External Drivers Of Periodic Hypoxia In A Coastal Plain Tributary Estuary: The York River, Virginia, Sj Lake, Mark Brush, Iris C. Anderson, Hi Kator
VIMS Articles
The formation of periodic hypoxia within tributary estuaries, and its relationship to the spring-neap tidal cycle, has been well documented in several systems along the US east coast. However, the importance and scale of other physical and biological processes, which ultimately control the frequency and spatial extent of hypoxia, are less well understood. This study synthesized in situ measurements, metabolic incubations, and high-resolution water quality monitoring into a spatially explicit, temporally integrated mass balance to examine the significance of multiple organic matter sources and oxygen sinks in relation to hypoxia in the York River estuary (YRE), Virginia, USA. Results highlight …
Seed Burial In Eelgrass Zostera Marina: The Role Of Infauna, Nj Blackburn, R J. Orth
Seed Burial In Eelgrass Zostera Marina: The Role Of Infauna, Nj Blackburn, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Seed burial is a vital process that influences small- and large-scale plant population patterns and is frequently mediated by soil-dwelling invertebrates. Despite its importance in terrestrial systems, very little is known about seed burial in seagrasses. The goal of this work was to determine the role that benthic infauna play in the burial of Zostera marina seeds. Mesocosm experiments studying seed burial depth, seed burial rate, and particle burial and redistribution using beads, were conducted in defaunated sediment cores populated with single specimens of infauna with different modes of feeding and thus bioturbation effects: Amphitrite ornata (downward conveyor deposit feeder), …
Modeling The Effect Of Hypoxia On Macrobenthos Production In The Lower Rappahannock River, Chesapeake Bay, Usa, Samuel Kersey Sturdivant, Mark Brush, Robert J. Diaz
Modeling The Effect Of Hypoxia On Macrobenthos Production In The Lower Rappahannock River, Chesapeake Bay, Usa, Samuel Kersey Sturdivant, Mark Brush, Robert J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay has substantially increased in recent decades, with detrimental effects on macrobenthic production; the production of these fauna link energy transfer from primary consumers to epibenthic and demersal predators. As such, the development of accurate predictive models that determine the impact of hypoxia on macrobenthic production is important. A continuous-time, biomass-based model was developed for the lower Rappahannock River, a Bay tributary prone to seasonal hypoxia. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrobenthic state variables were modeled, with a focus on quantitatively constraining the effect of hypoxia on macrobenthic biomass. This was accomplished through regression with Z': a sigmoidal function …
Indication Of Density-Dependent Changes In Growth And Maturity Of The Barndoor Skate On Georges Bank, Karson Coutre, Todd Gedamke, David Rudders, William B. Driggers Iii, David M. Koester, James A. Sulikowski
Indication Of Density-Dependent Changes In Growth And Maturity Of The Barndoor Skate On Georges Bank, Karson Coutre, Todd Gedamke, David Rudders, William B. Driggers Iii, David M. Koester, James A. Sulikowski
VIMS Articles
Drastic increases or decreases in biomass often result in density-dependent changes in life history characteristics within a fish population. Acknowledging this phenomenon and in light of the recent biomass increase in Barndoor Skate Dipturus laevis, the current study re-evaluated the growth rate and sexual maturity of 244 specimens collected from 2009-2011within closed areas I and II on Georges Bank, USA. Ages were estimated using vertebral band counts from skate that ranged from 21 to 129cm TL. The von Bertalanffy growth function was applied to pooled age-at-length data. Parameter estimates from the current study of L = 155cm TL and k …
Tidal Wind Mapping From Observations Of A Meteor Radar Chain In December 2011, You Yu, Weixing Wan, Baiqi Ning, Libo Liu, Zhengui Wang, Lianhuan Hu, Zhipeng Ren
Tidal Wind Mapping From Observations Of A Meteor Radar Chain In December 2011, You Yu, Weixing Wan, Baiqi Ning, Libo Liu, Zhengui Wang, Lianhuan Hu, Zhipeng Ren
VIMS Articles
This article proposes a technique to map the tidal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region from the observations of a four-station meteor radar chain located at middle- and low-latitudes along the 120 degrees E meridian in the Northern Hemisphere. A 1month dataset of the horizontal winds in the altitude range of 80-100km is observed during December 2011. We first decompose the tidal winds into mean, diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal components for each station. It is found that the diurnal/semidiurnal components dominate at the low-latitude/midlatitude stations. Their amplitudes increase at lower altitudes and then decrease at higher altitudes …
Seasonal Nitrogen Uptake And Regeneration In The Water Column And Sea-Ice Of The Western Coastal Arctic, Steven E. Baer
Seasonal Nitrogen Uptake And Regeneration In The Water Column And Sea-Ice Of The Western Coastal Arctic, Steven E. Baer
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The logistical difficulties of research in extremely low temperatures and lack of access to the Arctic have meant that there is a historic dearth of knowledge of coastal Arctic biogeochemistry, especially during winter when sea ice is present. Recent observations, however, indicate that the Arctic is changing rapidly. Changes include increased temperatures, decreased extent and volume of sea ice, and increased freshwater inputs. How these changes influence biogeochemical cycles is an open question, especially in the highly productive coastal regions of the Chukchi Sea. Here I present nitrogen (N) uptake and regeneration rates for phytoplankton and bacteria measured in the …
Fluid Driven By Tangential Velocity And Shear Stress: Mathematical Analysis, Numerical Experiment, And Implication To Surface Flow, H. S. Tang, L. Z. Zhang, J. P. -Y. Maa, H. Li, C.B. Jiang, R. Hussain
Fluid Driven By Tangential Velocity And Shear Stress: Mathematical Analysis, Numerical Experiment, And Implication To Surface Flow, H. S. Tang, L. Z. Zhang, J. P. -Y. Maa, H. Li, C.B. Jiang, R. Hussain
VIMS Articles
This paper investigates behaviors of flows driven by tangential velocity and shear stress on their boundaries such as solid walls and water surfaces. In a steady flow between two parallel plates with one of them in motion, analytic solutions are the same when a velocity and a shear stress boundary condition are applied on the moving plate. For an unsteady, impulsively started flow, however, analysis shows that solutions for velocity profiles as well as energy transferring and dissipation are different under the two boundary conditions. In an air-water flow, if either a velocity or a stress condition is imposed at …
Sperm Swimming Speeds In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Roger L. Mann, Mark Luckenbach
Sperm Swimming Speeds In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Roger L. Mann, Mark Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
Oysters, like the vast majority of sessile marine invertebrates, shed sperm and eggs into the water column where fertilization subsequently occurs. The fate of the gametes depends on their passive movements at various scales in a high-viscosity environment, the longevity of the sperm's ability to affect oriented movement, the rate of sperm movement toward the egg target, and the ability of sperm to effect fertilization. Oyster sperm swim in a helical pattern with a mean forward progression velocity of 0.057 +/- 0.010 mm/sec (SE; n = 25) with the 95 percentile range extending from 0.036-0.078 mm/sec, a value comparable with …
Microphytobenthos And Benthic Macroalgae Determine Sediment Organic Matter Composition In Shallow Photic Sediments, Ak Hardison, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Iris C. Anderson, C. R. Tobias, B. Veuger, M. N. Waters
Microphytobenthos And Benthic Macroalgae Determine Sediment Organic Matter Composition In Shallow Photic Sediments, Ak Hardison, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Iris C. Anderson, C. R. Tobias, B. Veuger, M. N. Waters
VIMS Articles
Microphytobenthos and benthic macroalgae play an important role in system metabolism within shallow coastal bays. However, their independent and interactive influences on sediment organic matter (SOM) are not well understood. We investigated the influence of macroalgae and microphytobenthos on SOM quantity and quality in an experimental mesocosm system using bulk and molecular level (total hydrolyzable amino acids, THAA; phospholipid linked fatty acids, PLFA; pigment) analyses. Our experiment used an incomplete factorial design made up of two factors, each with two levels: (1) light (ambient vs. dark) and (2) macroalgae (presence vs. absence of live macroalgae). Over the course of the …
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Articles
Male Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern Mosquitofish) express a heritable pigmentation polymorphism: ≈99% of males are silver, and only ≈1% have a melanic, black-spotted pattern. Sex-linkage, an autosomal modifier, and temperature control the expression of this heritable melanism. In many teleosts, melanin also accumulates around the site of parasitic invasion. We have identified black-spot disease in wild mosquitofish from their native habitat. Here, we demonstrate convergence upon the black-pigmented phenotype through two means: 1) heritable melanism, and 2) melanic spotting on the silver genotype that results from infection with immature encysted trematodes. Females are silver and express greater avoidance ofmelanic males during …
Linking Dynamics Of Transport Timescale And Variations Of Hypoxia In The Chesapeake Bay, Bo Hong, Jian Shen
Linking Dynamics Of Transport Timescale And Variations Of Hypoxia In The Chesapeake Bay, Bo Hong, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
Dissolved oxygen (DO) replenishment in the bottom waters of an estuary depends on physical processes that are significantly influenced by external forcings. The vertical exchange time (VET) is introduced in this study to quantify the physical processes that regulate the DO replenishment in the Chesapeake Bay. A 3-D numerical model was applied to simulate the circulation, VET, and DO. Results indicate that VET is a suitable parameter for evaluating the bottom DO condition over both seasonal and interannual timescales. The VET is negatively correlated with the bottom DO. Hypoxia (DO L-1) will develop in the Bay when VET is greater …
Extratropical Storm Inundation Testbed: Intermodel Comparisons In Scituate, Massachusetts, Changsheng Chen, Et Al., Harry V. Wang
Extratropical Storm Inundation Testbed: Intermodel Comparisons In Scituate, Massachusetts, Changsheng Chen, Et Al., Harry V. Wang
VIMS Articles
The Integrated Ocean Observing System Super-regional Coastal Modeling Testbed had one objective to evaluate the capabilities of three unstructured-grid fully current-wave coupled ocean models (ADCIRC/SWAN, FVCOM/SWAVE, SELFE/WWM) to simulate extratropical storm-induced inundation in the US northeast coastal region. Scituate Harbor (MA) was chosen as the extratropical storm testbed site, and model simulations were made for the 24-27 May 2005 and 17-20 April 2007 (Patriot's Day Storm) nor'easters. For the same unstructured mesh, meteorological forcing, and initial/boundary conditions, intermodel comparisons were made for tidal elevation, surface waves, sea surface elevation, coastal inundation, currents, and volume transport. All three models showed similar …
Combining Observations And Numerical Model Results To Improve Estimates Of Hypoxic Volume Within The Chesapeake Bay, Usa, A.J. Bever, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully, Lyon Lanerolle
Combining Observations And Numerical Model Results To Improve Estimates Of Hypoxic Volume Within The Chesapeake Bay, Usa, A.J. Bever, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully, Lyon Lanerolle
VIMS Articles
The overall size of the dead zone within the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is quantified by the hypoxic volume (HV), the volume of water with dissolved oxygen (DO) less than 2 mg/L. To improve estimates of HV, DO was subsampled from the output of 3-D model hindcasts at times/locations matching the set of 2004-2005 stations monitored by the Chesapeake Bay Program. The resulting station profiles were interpolated to produce bay-wide estimates of HV in a manner consistent with nonsynoptic, cruise-based estimates. Interpolations of the same stations sampled synoptically, as well as multiple other combinations …