Life Sciences Commons^™

Oligomer Composition And Oxygen Binding Of The Hemocyanin Of The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus, Cp Mangum, J Greaves, Js Ranier

VIMS Articles

In the blue crab, the ratio of hexamers to dodecamers of the O2 carrier hemocyanin varies in natural populations. Isolated dodecamers have a lower O2 affinity and greater cooperativity than isolated hexamers. The difference in O2 binding can also be resolved in native mixtures that differ in polymer composition. A high content of dodecamers in native mixtures is, in fact, correlated with the presence of an invariant polypeptide chain that is believed to link two hexamers to form dodecamers. On the other hand, the content of a variable chain that has been postulated to play a role in hexamer pairing …

A Technique For The Functional Assessment Of Nontidal Wetlands In The Coastal Plain Of Virginia, Julie G. Bradshaw

Reports

No abstract provided.

Genetic Variation In The Timing Of Gonadal Maturation And Spawning Of The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Bruce J. Barber, Susan E. Ford, Robert N. Wargo

VIMS Articles

The gonadal cycles of four groups of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), including native stocks collected that year and inbred strains (reared in Delaware Bay for 5-6 generations) from both Long Island Sound and Delaware Bay, were compared in Delaware Bay in 1987. Inbred strains resembled their respective native stocks; both Long Island groups initiated gonadal development and spawning about one month earlier and spawned over a shorter duration than both Delaware Bay groups. Analysis of covariance revealed that the effect of time on gonadal development was statistically different (P I 0.05) for all between-location group comparisons, but not for …

A Modelling Study Of The Water Quality Of The Upper Tidal Rappahannock River, Albert Y. Kuo, Bruce J. Neilson, Kyeong Park

Reports

No abstract provided.

School Of Marine Science Graduate Program Catalog 1991-92, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science

Miscellaneous

Catalog for the Graduate program of the School of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary for the listed academic year.

Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria, G. Curtis Roegner, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The hard clam is found along the eastern coast of North America from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Texas. In Chesapeake Bay, the hard clam is restricted to salinities above approximately 12 ppt. An extensive survey of hard clam resources is overdue.

Statements concerning long term trends in populations are not feasible. Hard clams ·grow to a maximum shell length of about 120 mm. There are few documented cases of diseases in wild hard clam populations. Parasitic infestations are also slight. The life cycle of the hard clam includes a pelagic larval phase and a relatively sedentary benthic juvenile …

Spawning And Recruitment Of Black Drum, Pogonias Cromis, In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, John E. Olney, Louis B. Daniel

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Report On Aspects Of Productivity Of The Men And Women Of Vims: An Analysis Of The Written Communications And Other Products Identified With Various Outside-Supported Projects Or Programs From 1940 To 1982, With Emphasis On Time Of Appearance And Significance, William J. Hargis Jr., Thomas A. Armitage

Reports

No abstract provided.

Campus Map Of The College Of William & Mary, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, School Of Marine Science, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Miscellaneous

No abstract provided.

Factors Affecting Survival Of Early Life Stages Of Striped Bass, John Clarke Mcgovern

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In 1988 laboratory presentations, bay anchovy, and Atlantic menhaden tested positive as potential predators. Consumption of striped bass larvae by bay anchovy increased at higher prey densities to a maximum of 42 larvae/h at prey densities of 1,650/m&\sp3&. Examination of 229 stomachs of bay anchovy collected during peak spawning in 1988 and 1989 provided direct evidence of predation on striped bass eggs and larvae. The relationship between patterns of survival inferred from the back-calculation of juvenile hatchdates were compared with data sets describing predator and prey fields, egg production, food abundance, and changing environmental conditions during the 1988 and 1989 …

Estimating Abundance And Annual Production Of Striped Bass Eggs With In Situ Silhouette Photography, John Douglas Field

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Temporal And Spatial Response Of Two Tidal Marsh Species To Salinity Changes In The Pamunkey River, Laura R. Mitchell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Habitat And Spatial Scale Upon The Developmental State And Settlement Of Blue Crab Postlarvae In Chesapeake Bay, Karen S. Metcalf

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica: I. Susceptibility Of Native And Msx-Resistant Stocks, Eugene Burreson

VIMS Articles

A selective breeding program was implemented to attempt to decrease the disease susceptibility of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Perkinsus marinus. Six oyster strains were spawned and the progeny exposed to Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and P. marinus in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Three strains, a Delaware Bay MSX-resistant strain, a Delaware Bay native strain, and a Mobjack Bay native strain (lower Chesapeake Bay) were exposed for three years (1988-90); three other strains, a separate Delaware Bay MSX-resistant strain, a lower James River native strain (lower Chesapeake Bay) and a susceptible control strain, were exposed for two years (1989-90). …

Temporal Variations In Spawning Behavior Of Sea Scallops, Placopecten Magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), In The Mid-Atlantic Resource Area, James E. Kirkley, William D. Dupaul

VIMS Articles

Interannual variation in spawning of Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin) may be important to management agencies concerned with maximizing yield-per-recruit via restrictions on meat counts or temporal restrictions on catch and effort. In this study, temporal patterns in the spawning behavior of sea scallops in the Mid-Atlantic resource area for the period April 1987-April 1991 are analyzed using conventional time-series methods. Biannual spawning was found to be characteristic of sea scallops in the Mid-Atlantic resource area but was also found to be erratic in the timing, duration, and magnitude. The spring spawning event was the more predictable and dominant spawning event. The …

The Decline Of The Virginia Oyster Fishery In Chesapeake Bay Considerations For Introduction Of A Non-Endemic Species, Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg, 1793), Roger L. Mann, Eugene M. Burreson, Patrick K. Baker

VIMS Articles

The Chesapeake Bay oyster fishery for Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) is in a state of continuing decline. Two diseases, Haplosporidium nelsoni and Perkinsus marinus have effectively eliminated oysters from many sections of the Bay. Despite over 30 years of disease activity the native oysters have developed neither tolerance nor absolute resistance to these diseases, and do not exhibit any recovery in disease endemic areas in Virginia. Repletion programs have completely failed to recover to permanent production areas lost to disease. Present fishery management activities are limited to a controlled retreat away from the disease in an arena where disease distribution is …

Sterile Triploid Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791) Grow Faster Than Diploids But Are Equally Susceptible To Perkinsus Marinus, Bruce J. Barber, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Articles

Growth, tolerance of Perkinsus marinus, and gametogenesis of diploid and triploid Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) were compared in the York River, Virginia between June 1989 and November 1990. Triploid oysters had significantly greater mean shell height (P ,a;; 0.02) and whole weight (P ,a;; 0.005) than diploid oysters throughout the study period. In November 1990, triploids had significantly greater mean dry tissue weight (P ,a;; 0.006) than diploids. On average, triploid oysters reached commercial size (63.5 mm) 5 months before diploid oysters. Diploid and triploid groups became similarly infected with P. marinus during summer 1990. Prevalences reached 96% …

Effect Of Neutral Red Stain On Settlement Ability Of Oyster Pediveligers, Crassostrea Virginica, Patrick Baker

VIMS Articles

The effect of neutral red stain on the settlement of oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) pediveligers was examined. Larvae were offered two types of substrate: oyster shell and acetate sheets. Settlement was measured as the proportion of pediveligers settled after 24 hours and analyzed with two-factor ANOV A. Staining did not significantly affect settlement, although settlement onto acetate was much lower than onto oyster shell.

Swimming Rate And Responses Of Larvae Of Three Mactrid Bivalves To Salinity Discontinuities, R Mann, Bm Campos, Mw Luckenbach

VIMS Articles

Straight-hinge, umbo and pediveliger larvae of the mactrid bivalves Spisula solidissima, Mulinia lateralis and Rangia cuneata were exposed to intense salinity discontinuities of 0, 5, 10 and 15 parts per thousand in vertically oriented swimming chambers. Larvae concentrated in the region of highest gradient, i.e. at the salinity discontinuity, regardless of species, stage of development or larval brood. S. solidisima larvae, initially swimming at 30 parts per thousand salinity, crossed discontinuities of both 5 and 10 parts per thousand but not of 15 parts per thousand. M. lateralis larvae, initially swimming at 25 parts per thousand salinity, also crossed a …

Effects Of Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica: Ii. Disease Development And Impact On Growth Rate At Different Salinities, Kennedy T. Paynter, Eugene M. Burreson

VIMS Articles

In order to assess the impact of Perkinsus marinus infection on oyster growth and mortality, oysters were raised in floating rafts at six sites around Chesapeake Bay. The sites were comprised of two low salinity sites (8-10%0), two moderate salinity (12-15%0) sites and two high salinity sites (16-20%0). Oyster growth was monitored biweekly along with various water qualities including temperature and salinity. Condition index was measured monthly and disease diagnosis was perfonned bimonthly. Oyster growth was initially greatest at the high salinity sites but was subsequently retarded by Perkinsus infection at both the moderate and high salinity sites (where the …

Population Biology Of The Polychaete Loimia Medusa (Savigny) On A Tidal Sand Flat Of The York River, Chesapeake Bay, Rochelle D. Seitz

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Density-Dependent Foraging And Mutual Interference In Blue Crabs Preying Upon Infaunal Clams, Ra Mansour, Rom Lipcius

VIMS Articles

Predator-prey dynamics between the blue crab Callinectes sapidus and an infaunal soft-shelled clam, Macoma balthica, were examined in laboratory experiments to assess the joint effects of varying predator and prey densities upon predator foraging rates and prey survival. A full-factorial experimental design involved 2 prey densities (4 and 16 clams m-2) and 3 predator densities (1, 2 and 4 crabs m-2) with 6 trials per treatment combination. Blue crabs exhibited density-dependent foraging under all conditions: proportionally more clams were consumed at the higher clam density. Furthermore, at the higher crab densities mutual interference was evident in the incidence of wounds …

Larvae Of Diploprion-Bifasciatum, Belonoperca-Chabanaudi And Grammistes-Sexlineatus (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) With A Comparison Of Known Larvae Of Other Epinephelines, Cc Baldwin, Gd Johnson, Pl Colin

VIMS Articles

Morphology is described for larvae of two species of the epinepheline serranid tribe Diploprionini and one of the tribe Grammistini, and known larvae of other epinephelines are compared. Early stage eggs and development of larvae of Diploprion bifasciatum are described from 144 laboratory-reared specimens, and postflexion larvae of Belonoperca chabanaudi are described from wild-caught specimens. Fourmanoir's (1976) description of postlarval Grammistes sexlineatus is modified and expanded. The second and third dorsal-fin spines of larval D. bifasciatum are remarkably elongate, reaching lengths many times that of the body. These spines are thin and flexible, and each is encased in a sheath …

Susceptibility Of Diploid And Triploid Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg, 1793) And Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), To Perkinsus Marinus, Judith A. Meyers, Eugene M. Burreson, Bruce J. Barber, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Articles

The susceptibility of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, to the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus was compared with that of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in two separate experiments. Experiments were conducted in flow-through seawater systems with quarantined effluent. Oysters were challenged by addition of infective P. marinus. In the first experiment, which used only diploid oysters, 40% of C. gigas became infected with P. marinus after 83 days compared to 100% of C. virginica. In the second experiment, which examined susceptibility of diploid and triploid individuals of both species, prevalence was high in all groups after 60 days. In …

Sediment Inorganic Nitrogen Stocks And Root-Rhizome Ammonium Uptake By Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L) In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Christopher P. Buzzelli

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Standing Stock Of Oysters In The James River, Virginia, Using Commercial Fishing Records, Bruce J. Barber, Roger L. Mann

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Mark-Recapture Study Of Striped Bass In The James And Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia Annual Report 1990-1991, Joseph G. Loesch, Bruce W. Hill, Philip W. Sadler

Reports

A total of 1,903 striped bass were tagged in fall 1990 and 2,708 in spring 1991 on the Rappahannock River. A total of 2,405 striped bass were tagged in fall 1991 on the James River. In fall 1990, 47.2% of the striped bass tagged on the Rappahannock were less than 425 mm fork length (FL). In comparison, only 13.9% of the fish were less than 425 mm FL in spring 1991. Pound nets in the Rappahannock River accounted for 66.3% of the recaptures, while out of state recaptures accounted for only 2.65% of the total returns. In the fall 1990, …

Analytical Protocol For Hazardous Organic Chemicals In Environmental Samples, Division Of Chemistry And Toxicology, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Virginia Public Oyster Fishery - Fall 1991, Bruce Barber

Reports

This report summarizes data collected during 1991 in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The report focuses on the fall oyster survey in Virginia.

Life History Of The Bay Anchovy, Anchoa Mitchilli, In Chesapeake Bay, Jiangang Luo

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In lower Chesapeake Bay, the spawning season of the bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in 1988 was from early May to mid-September. Spawning was temporally synchronized and lasted for about 1.5 h each night. Spawning frequency per individual was every 4 d in early June and 1.3-1.9 d in other months. Batch fecundity was a linear function of fork length and body weight; regression slopes on 6 July and 4 August were significantly higher than those on 6 June and 31 August. Estimated mean total spawnings per female in 1988 was 54. Total egg production for a fish of average size …