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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Evaluation Of Artificial Neural Network Algorithms For Predicting Mets And Activity Type From Accelerometer Data: Validation On An Independent Sample, Patty S. Freedson, Kate Lyden, Sarah Kozey-Keadle, John Staudenmayer
Evaluation Of Artificial Neural Network Algorithms For Predicting Mets And Activity Type From Accelerometer Data: Validation On An Independent Sample, Patty S. Freedson, Kate Lyden, Sarah Kozey-Keadle, John Staudenmayer
Patty S. Freedson
Previous work from our laboratory provided a “proof of concept” for use of artificial neural networks (nnets) to estimate metabolic equivalents (METs) and identify activity type from accelerometer data (Staudenmayer J, Pober D, Crouter S, Bassett D, Freedson P, J Appl Physiol 107: 1330–1307, 2009). The purpose of this study was to develop new nnets based on a larger, more diverse, training data set and apply these nnet prediction models to an independent sample to evaluate the robustness and flexibility of this machine-learning modeling technique. The nnet training data set (University of Massachusetts) included 277 participants who each completed 11 …
Evaluation Of The Minimum Energy Hypothesis And Other Potential Optimality Criteria For Human Running, Ross H. Miller, Brian R. Umberger, Joseph Hamill, Graham E. Caldwell
Evaluation Of The Minimum Energy Hypothesis And Other Potential Optimality Criteria For Human Running, Ross H. Miller, Brian R. Umberger, Joseph Hamill, Graham E. Caldwell
Joseph Hamill
A popular hypothesis for human running is that gait mechanics and muscular activity are optimized in order to minimize the cost of transport (CoT). Humans running at any particular speed appear to naturally select a stride length that maintains a low CoT when compared with other possible stride lengths. However, it is unknown if the nervous system prioritizes the CoT itself for minimization, or if some other quantity is minimized and a low CoT is a consequential effect. To address this question, we generated predictive computer simulations of running using an anatomically inspired musculoskeletal model and compared the results with …
17th-Inaugural Lecture Series @ Unizik, Jerome Okafor
17th-Inaugural Lecture Series @ Unizik, Jerome Okafor
Prof. Jerome O Okafor
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Metformin On Peak Aerobic Capacity, Barry Braun, Pamela Eze, Brooke R. Stephens, Todd A. Hagobian, Carrie G. Sharoff, Stuart R. Chipkin, Benjamin Goldstein
Impact Of Metformin On Peak Aerobic Capacity, Barry Braun, Pamela Eze, Brooke R. Stephens, Todd A. Hagobian, Carrie G. Sharoff, Stuart R. Chipkin, Benjamin Goldstein
Stuart R. Chipkin
Individually, exercise and the drug metformin have been shown to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. Metformin mildly inhibits complex I of the electron transport system and may impact aerobic capacity in people exercising while taking metformin. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of metformin on maximal aerobic capacity in healthy individuals without mitochondrial dysfunction. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight men (n=11) and women (n=6) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Peak aerobic capacity was measured twice using a continuous, incrementally graded protocol; once after 7-9 d of metformin (final dose=2000 mg/d) and once with placebo, with …
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
Hawley Almstedt
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of variable resistance as provided through elastic plus free weight techniques in college aged males and females. Twenty novice lifters were randomly assigned to a traditional free weight only (6 males and 5 females) or elastic band plus free weight group (5 males and 5 females) and 9 more normally active controls (5 males and 4 females), were recruited to maintain normal activity for the duration of the study. No differences existed between control, free weight and elastic band at baseline for age, body height, body mass, body mass index, …
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
Robert J. Rovetti
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of variable resistance as provided through elastic plus free weight techniques in college aged males and females. Twenty novice lifters were randomly assigned to a traditional free weight only (6 males and 5 females) or elastic band plus free weight group (5 males and 5 females) and 9 more normally active controls (5 males and 4 females), were recruited to maintain normal activity for the duration of the study. No differences existed between control, free weight and elastic band at baseline for age, body height, body mass, body mass index, …
Evaluating A Model Of Youth Physical Activity, Carrie D. Heitzler, Leslie A. Lytle, Darin J. Erickson, Daheia Barr-Anderson, John R. Sirard, Mary Story
Evaluating A Model Of Youth Physical Activity, Carrie D. Heitzler, Leslie A. Lytle, Darin J. Erickson, Daheia Barr-Anderson, John R. Sirard, Mary Story
John Sirard
Objective—To explore the relationship between social influences, self-efficacy, enjoyment, and barriers and physical activity. Methods—Structural equation modeling examined relationships between parent and peer support, parent physical activity, individual perceptions, and objectively measured physical activity using accelerometers among a sample of youth aged 10–17 years (N=720). Results—Peer support, parent physical activity, and perceived barriers were directly related to youth activity. The proposed model accounted for 14.7% of the variance in physical activity. Conclusions—The results demonstrate a need to further explore additional individual, social, and environmental factors that may influence youth’s regular participation in physical activity.
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
The Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Simultaneous Elastic And Free Weight Loading On Muscular Performance Of Novice Lifters, Todd C. Shoepe, David A. Ramirez, Robert J. Rovetti, David R. Kohler, Hawley C. Almstedt
Todd Shoepe
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of variable resistance as provided through elastic plus free weight techniques in college aged males and females. Twenty novice lifters were randomly assigned to a traditional free weight only (6 males and 5 females) or elastic band plus free weight group (5 males and 5 females) and 9 more normally active controls (5 males and 4 females), were recruited to maintain normal activity for the duration of the study. No differences existed between control, free weight and elastic band at baseline for age, body height, body mass, body mass index, …
Distribution Of Myosin Attachment Times Predicted From Viscoelasticmechanics Of Striatedmuscle, Bradley M. Palmer, Yuan Wang, Mark S. Miller
Distribution Of Myosin Attachment Times Predicted From Viscoelasticmechanics Of Striatedmuscle, Bradley M. Palmer, Yuan Wang, Mark S. Miller
Mark S. Miller
We demonstrate that viscoelastic mechanics of striated muscle, measured as elastic and viscous moduli, emerge directly from the myosin crossbridge attachment time, tatt, also called time-on. The distribution of tatt was modeled using a gamma distribution with shape parameter, p, and scale parameter, β. At 5mM MgATP, β was similar between mouse α-MyHC (16.0 ± 3.7ms) and β-MyHC (17.9 ± 2.0ms), and p was higher (P < 0.05) for β-MyHC (5.6 ± 0.4 no units) compared to α-MyHC (3.2 ± 0.9). At 1mMMgATP, p approached a value of 10 in both isoforms, but β rose only in the β-MyHC (34.8 ± 5.8ms). The estimated mean tatt (i.e., pβ product) was longer in the β-MyHC compared to α-MyHC, and became prolonged in both isoforms as MgATP was reduced as expected. The application of our viscoelastic model to these isoforms and varying MgATP conditions suggest that tatt is better modeled as a gamma distribution due to its representing multiple temporal events occurring within tatt compared to a single exponential distribution which assumes only one temporal event within tatt.
Effect Of Resistance Training On Physical Disability In Chronic Heart Failure, Patrick Savage, Anthony O. Shaw, Mark S. Miller, Peter Vanburen, Martin M. Lewinter, Philip A. Ades, Michael J. Toth
Effect Of Resistance Training On Physical Disability In Chronic Heart Failure, Patrick Savage, Anthony O. Shaw, Mark S. Miller, Peter Vanburen, Martin M. Lewinter, Philip A. Ades, Michael J. Toth
Mark S. Miller
Purpose—Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) report difficulty performing activities of daily living. To our knowledge, however, no study has directly measured performance in activities of daily living in these patients to systematically assess their level of physical disability. Moreover, the contribution of skeletal muscle weakness to physical disability in CHF remains unclear. Thus, we measured performance in activities of daily living in CHF patients and controls, its relationship to aerobic capacity and muscle strength and the effect of resistance exercise training to improve muscle strength and physical disability. Methods—Patients and controls were assessed for performance in activities of daily …
Cooh-Terminal Truncation Of Flightin Decreases Myofilament Lattice Organization, Cross-Bridge Binding, And Power Output Indrosophila Indirect Flight Muscle, Bertrand C.W. Tanner, Mark S. Miller, Becky M. Miller, Panagiotis Lekkas, Thomas C. Irving, David W. Maughan, Jim O. Vigoreaux
Cooh-Terminal Truncation Of Flightin Decreases Myofilament Lattice Organization, Cross-Bridge Binding, And Power Output Indrosophila Indirect Flight Muscle, Bertrand C.W. Tanner, Mark S. Miller, Becky M. Miller, Panagiotis Lekkas, Thomas C. Irving, David W. Maughan, Jim O. Vigoreaux
Mark S. Miller
IN MUSCLE, THE THICK AND THIN filament lattice provides the structural and mechanical foundation for transmitting contractile forces throughout the cell. The highly ordered indirect flight muscle (IFM) of Drosophila melanogaster is an attractive model system to study the relationship between lattice structure and muscle function, because its in vivo lattice organization can be measured via X-ray diffraction in living flies (15) and its function can be measured from the whole fly to the molecule (14, 20, 30). In addition, the means for producing genetic alterations of specific proteins in D. melanogaster are well established, permitting precise manipulation of thick …
Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation And N-Terminal Extension Increase Cross-Bridge Binding And Power Output In Drosophila At In Vivo Myofilament Lattice Spacing, Mark S. Miller, Gerrie P. Farman, Joan M. Braddock, Felipe N. Soto-Adames, Thomas C. Ivring, Jim O. Vigoreaux, David W. Maughan
Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation And N-Terminal Extension Increase Cross-Bridge Binding And Power Output In Drosophila At In Vivo Myofilament Lattice Spacing, Mark S. Miller, Gerrie P. Farman, Joan M. Braddock, Felipe N. Soto-Adames, Thomas C. Ivring, Jim O. Vigoreaux, David W. Maughan
Mark S. Miller
The N-terminal extension and phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) independently improve Drosophila melanogaster flight performance. Here we examine the functional and structural role of the RLC in chemically skinned fibers at various thick and thin filament lattice spacings from four transgenic Drosophila lines: rescued null or control (Dmlc2þ), truncated N-terminal extension (Dmlc2D2-46), disrupted myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation sites (Dmlc2S66A,S67A), and dual mutant (Dmlc2D2-46; S66A,S67A). The N-terminal extension truncation and phosphorylation sites disruption mutations decreased oscillatory power output and the frequency of maximum power output in maximally Ca2+-activated fibers compressed to near in vivo inter-thick filament spacing, …
Cuba Offers More Than 'Sports For All', Winston Wing Hong To, Dana Poeta, Brook Russell
Cuba Offers More Than 'Sports For All', Winston Wing Hong To, Dana Poeta, Brook Russell
Winston Wing Hong To
A summary about the Cuban sport system and their philosophy on "sports for all" from the first hand perspective of students that were part of the 2011 course "An Educational Exploration of Sport and Physical Activity in Cuba" offer by The University of Western Ontario Kinesiology Department.
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Commonly Used Accelerometer Energy Expenditure And Met Prediction Equations, Kate Lyden, Sarah L. Kozey, John W. Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Commonly Used Accelerometer Energy Expenditure And Met Prediction Equations, Kate Lyden, Sarah L. Kozey, John W. Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson
Patty S. Freedson
Numerous accelerometers and prediction methods are used to estimate energy expenditure (EE). Validation studies have been limited to small sample sizes in which participants complete a narrow range of activities and typically validate only one or two prediction models for one particular accelerometer. Purpose—To evaluate the validity of nine published and two proprietary EE prediction equations for three different accelerometers. Methods—277 participants completed an average of 6 treadmill (TRD) (1.34, 1.56, 2.23 m・sec−1 each at 0% and 3% grade) and 5 self-paced activities of daily living (ADLs). EE estimates were compared to indirect calorimetry. Accelerometers were worn while EE was …
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Commonly Used Accelerometer Energy Expenditure And Met Prediction Equations, Kate Lyden, Sarah L. Kozey, John W. Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Commonly Used Accelerometer Energy Expenditure And Met Prediction Equations, Kate Lyden, Sarah L. Kozey, John W. Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson
Patty S. Freedson
Numerous accelerometers and prediction methods are used to estimate energy expenditure (EE). Validation studies have been limited to small sample sizes in which participants complete a narrow range of activities and typically validate only one or two prediction models for one particular accelerometer. Purpose—To evaluate the validity of nine published and two proprietary EE prediction equations for three different accelerometers. Methods—277 participants completed an average of 6 treadmill (TRD) (1.34, 1.56, 2.23 m・sec−1 each at 0% and 3% grade) and 5 self-paced activities of daily living (ADLs). EE estimates were compared to indirect calorimetry. Accelerometers were worn while EE was …
Relationships Between Energy Balance Knowledge And The Home Environment, Megan E. Slater, John R. Sirard, Melissa N. Laska, Mark A. Pereira, Leslie A. Lytle
Relationships Between Energy Balance Knowledge And The Home Environment, Megan E. Slater, John R. Sirard, Melissa N. Laska, Mark A. Pereira, Leslie A. Lytle
John Sirard
Certain aspects of the home environment as well as individuals’ knowledge of energy balance are believed to be important correlates of various dietary and physical activity behaviors, but no known studies have examined potential relationships between these correlates. This study evaluated cross-sectional associations between characteristics of the home environment and energy balance knowledge among 349 youth/parent pairs recruited from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from September 2006 to June 2007. Linear regression models adjusted for student grade and highest level of parental education were used to compare data from home food, physical activity, and media inventories (parent-reported) with energy balance …
Locomotor Loading Mechanics In The Hindlimbs Of Tegu Lizards (Tupinambis Merianae): Comparative And Evolutionary Implications, K. Megan Sheffield, Michael T. Butcher, S. Katharine Shugart, Jennifer C. Gander, Richard W. Blob
Locomotor Loading Mechanics In The Hindlimbs Of Tegu Lizards (Tupinambis Merianae): Comparative And Evolutionary Implications, K. Megan Sheffield, Michael T. Butcher, S. Katharine Shugart, Jennifer C. Gander, Richard W. Blob
Megan Sheffield
Skeletal elements are usually able to withstand several times their usual load before they yield, and this ratio is known as the bone’s safety factor. Limited studies on amphibians and non-avian reptiles have shown that they have much higher limb bone safety factors than birds and mammals. It has been hypothesized that this difference is related to the difference in posture between upright birds and mammals and sprawling ectotherms; however, limb bone loading data from a wider range of sprawling species are needed in order to determine whether the higher safety factors seen in amphibians and non-avian reptiles are ancestral …
Loading Mechanics Of The Femur In Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma Tigrinum) During Terrestrial Locomotion, K. Megan Sheffield, Richard W. Blob
Loading Mechanics Of The Femur In Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma Tigrinum) During Terrestrial Locomotion, K. Megan Sheffield, Richard W. Blob
Megan Sheffield
Salamanders are often used as representatives of the basal tetrapod body plan in functional studies, but little is known about the loads experienced by their limb bones during locomotion. Although salamanders’ slow walking speeds might lead to low locomotor forces and limb bone stresses similar to those of non-avian reptiles, their highly sprawled posture combined with relatively small limb bones could produce elevated limb bone stresses closer to those of avian and mammalian species. This study evaluates the loads on the femur of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion using three- dimensional measurements of the ground reaction force …