Life Sciences Commons^™

Fatal Cysticercosis By Taenia Crassiceps (Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae) In A Presumed Immunocompromised Canine Host, Eric P. Hoberg, William Ebinger, James A. Render

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cysticercosis in a canine host (Canis jamiliaris) attributable to the taeniid cestode Taenia crassiceps is reported for the first time in North America. Numerous parent and daughter cysticerci occurred in a massive intrapleural and intraperitoneal infection in an apparently immunocompromised host. The largest cysticerci were ovoid to elongate. 5-9 mm in maximum length. and armed with 32-34 rostellar hooks in two rows; small hooks measured 114-143 μm long (avg. = 124 ± 8.2 μm). and large hooks were 156-180 μm (avg. = 163 ± 7.4 μm). Taenia crassiceps is widespread in boreal North America and, like a number …

Differentiation Of Mexican Species Of Haematoloechus Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Plagiorchiformes): Molecular And Morphological Evidence, Virginia León-Règagnon, Daniel R. Brooks, Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Molecular evidence is interpreted in the light of morphology to examine the validity of several species of Haematoloechus described as Mexican endemics. Internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 28S ribosomal genes were sequenced for 11 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of separate partitions and combined databases was conducted. Results were analyzed, in the light of morphological evidence. Haematoloechus macrorchis is proposed as a junior synonym of Haematoloechus longiplexus. Haematoloechus pulcher is a sibling species with Haematoloechus complexus in Lerma wetlands. In Mexico, Haematoloechus medioplexus is distributed along the east coast coinciding with the distribution of Rana berlandieri. The sister …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 21, No. 3, August 25, 1999, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Cross-Transmission Studies With Eimeria Arizonensis, E. Arizonensis-Like Oocysts And Eimeria Langebarteli: Host Specificity At The Genus And Species Level Within The Muridae, John A. Hnida, Donald Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cross-transmission experiments were done using sporulated oocysts of Eimeria arizonensis from Peromyscus truei and Peromyscus maniculatus, and oocysts of 2 putative species that resemble E. arizonensis, i.e., Eimeria albigulae from Neotoma albigula, and Eimeria onychomysis from Onychomys leucogaster. Oocysts of each species were inoculated into representatives of P. maniculatus and the latter 2 rodent species. Other experiments were conducted wherein oocysts of Eimeria langebarteli from Peromyscus leucopus were given to P. truei and P. maniculatus. Oocysts of E. arizonensis from P. truei and P. maniculatus could be transmitted only to P. maniculatus; likewise, …

Emerging Marine Diseases: Climate Links And Anthropogenic Factors, C. D. Harvell, K. Kim, J. M. Burkholder, R. R. Colwell, P. R. Epstein, D. J. Grimes, E. E. Hoffmann, E. K. Lipp, A. D.M.E. Osterhaus, Robin M. Overstreet, J. W. Porter, G. W. Smith, G. R. Vasta

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans. For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of epidemics and the number of new diseases have increased recently. A dramatic global increase in the severity of coral bleaching in 1997-98 is coincident with high El Niño temperatures. Such climate-mediated, physiological stresses may compromise host resistance and increase frequency of opportunistic diseases. Where documented, new diseases typically have emerged through host or range shifts of known pathogens. Both climate and human activities may have also accelerated global transport of species, bringing …

Effects Of Plasma Hiv Rna, Cd4+ T Lymphocytes, And The Chemokine Receptors Ccr5 And Ccr2b On Hiv Disease Progression In Hemophiliacs, Eric S. Daar, Sharyne Donfield, Edward Gomperts, Margaret Hilgartner, Keith Hoots, David Chernoff, Cheryl Winkler, Stephen J. O'Brien, Hemophilia Growth And Development Study

Biology Faculty Articles

We have investigated the effects of plasma HIV RNA, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2b on HIV disease progression in hemophiliacs. We prospectively observed during follow-up 207 HIV-infected hemophiliacs in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. Plasma HIV RNA was measured on cryopreserved plasma from enrollment using the Chiron Corporation bDNA (version 2.0) assay. Genotype variants CCR2b-641 and CCR5-Δ32 were detected using standard molecular techniques. Those with the mutant allele for CCR2b, and to a lesser extent CCR5, had lower plasma HIV RNA, and higher CD4⁺ T lymphocytes than did those without these …

Systematics Of The Eucestoda: Advances Toward A New Phylogenetic Paradigm And Observations On The Early Diversification Of Tapeworms And Vertebrates, Eric P. Hoberg, Scott Lyell Gardner, Ronald A. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Evolutionary relationships of the Eucestoda have received intense but sporadic attention over the past century. Since 1996, the landscape has dramatically changed with respect to our knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships among the tapeworms. The 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics (IWTS) held in Lincoln, Nebraska in October of that year provided the catalyst for development of novel hypotheses for inter-and intra-ordinal phylogeny. The working-group structure of the 2nd IWTS and results of phylogenetic studies are briefly introduced in the present manuscript. Higher-level phylogenies derived from parsimony analysis of independent data bases representing comparative morphology or molecular sequences were largely …

Role Of Mitogen-Activated Kinases In Cd40-Mediated T Cell Activation Of Monocyte/Macrophage And Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cytokine/Chemokine Production, Denise M. Milhorn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation represents efforts to determine the functional consequences acquired by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in response to CD40 ligation by activated CD154+ T cells, and to elucidate components of the signaling pathway(s) activated in response to CD40 signaling in both monocytes and SMC. To study the consequences of CD40 stimulation, primary human monocytes and aortic SMC were treated with plasma membranes purified from CD154 + , CD4+ T cells. The results presented in this dissertation demonstrate that SMC, like monocytes/macrophages, are capable of interacting with T cells in a manner that results in reciprocal activation events. SMC were …

Optimal Replication Activity Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Rna Polymerase Requires Phosphorylation Of A Residue(S) At Carboxy-Terminal Domain Ii Of Its Accessory Subunit, Phosphoprotein P, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Tapas Das, Amiya K. Florida, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein, P, of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a key subunit of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites in two different domains. We recently showed that specific serine and threonine residues within the amino-terminal acidic domain I of P protein must be phosphorylated for in vivo transcription activity, but not for replication activity, of the polymerase complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain II residues of the P protein in transcription and replication, we have used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 21, No. 2, [Summer 1999], Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Pararhinebothroides Hobergi N. Gen. N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) In Urobatis Tumbesensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) From Coastal Ecuador, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Ramiro Barriga

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species of tetraphyllidean eucestode inhabiting Urobatis tumbesensis from inshore waters of southeastern Ecuador shares 3 synapomorphies with Rhinebothroides spp.: apical bothridial suckers poorly differentiated from the marginal loculi, internal seminal vesicles, and insertion of the vas deferens dorsally closer to the poral than the aporal end of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from Rhinebothroides spp. by lacking medial bothridial septa and loculi and having symmetrical ovarian arms, and possesses an apparent autapomorphic trait by having the vas deferens tapering to a narrow tube before entering the cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to the posterior end of the …

Scyphophyllidium Uruguayense N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) In Mustelus Mento (Cope, 1877) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) From La Paloma, Uruguay, Daniel R. Brooks, Fernando Marques, Carla Perroni, Corina Sidagis

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species of Scyphophyllidium inhabits Mustelus mento near La Paloma, Uruguay. It resembles Scyphophyllidium giganteum from the Atlantic Ocean and specimens identified as S. giganteum from California by having anapolytic strobilae 155-258 mm long, 250-300 craspedote proglottids, scoleces 1.2-1.4 mm wide, necks 34-41 mm long, immature and mature proglottids wider than long, gravid proglottids wider than long to longer than wide, genital pores averaging 28% of proglottid length from the anterior end, relatively flat ovaries with digitiform lobes reaching the lateralmost extent of the testicular field, vitellaria in 2 fields converging toward the proglottid midline, straight and short cirrus …

Maternal Modulation Of Neonatal Immunity, Omar R. Fagoaga

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Although the neonatal immune system is functionally immature, immune response capabilities are not the same in all newborns. The objective of this thesis was to determine development of immunocompetence and test the hypothesis that activation of maternal inflammatory immunity during pregnancy influences maturation of the neonatal immune system.

Lymphocytes in blood and spleen were immunophenotyped by flow cytometric analysis to determine differentiation characteristics, and splenocytes were assessed for cytokine production capabilities. In normal Th2-prone outbred (CD-1) mice, an adult repertoire of naïve lymphocytes has developed by day 10 and memory cells by day 20, in blood and spleen. However, in …

Macroevolutionary Patterns Of Male Reproductive Investment In A Clade Of Parasitic Hermaphrodites, David Zamparo, Deborah A. Mclennan, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The Eucestoda is particularly relevant for questions concerning reproductive investment in male gametes because no other parasitic group displays such diversity in testis size and number within and among species. This diversity has long been used as a valuable taxonomic character, but few researchers have ever investigated its evolutionary significance. In this paper we investigate the evolution of testis number and size within Rhinebothroides (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda). Our comparative, phylogenetic analysis revealed that overall allocation to male functions, as measured by relative testicular area, does not change within the clade, even though the packaging of that investment in numerous testes is …

Species: Turning A Conundrum Into A Research Program, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan, E. C. Bernard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The most appropriate ontological basis for understanding the role of species in evolutionary biology is the Evolutionary Species Concept. The ESC is not an operational concept, but one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept is. Linking the ontology of species with the epistemological basis of actual biological studies requires that we specify both a discovery mode for identifying collections of organisms that we believe are evolutionary species, and a series of evaluation criteria for assessing those entities we have discovered. Simply naming a collection of specimens, no matter how strong one’s evolutionary beliefs, is not sufficient for declaring that evolutionary …

Review Of The Avian Brood Parasites: Deception At The Nest By Paul A. Johnsgard; Oxford University Press, 1997, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

Review of The Avian Brood Parasites: Deception at the Nest by Paul A. Johnsgard, published by Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN: 0-19-511042-0.

Histogenesis In The Metacestode Of Echinococcus Vogeli And Mechanism Of Pathogenesis In Polycystic Hydatid Disease, Robert L. Rausch, Antonio D'Alessandro

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Histogenesis of the metacestode of Echinococcus vogeli was traced mainly in rodents inoculated intraperitoneally with finely minced infective vesicles. The fragments aggregated in the peritoneal cavity and coalesced, forming structures (plaques) from which primary vesicles arose. From primordia in their germinal tissue, exogenous vesicles developed, enlarged, and migrated outward to the surface of the laminated membrane, where they remained attached and proliferated. Each unit of vesicles so formed retained discrete identity and, within 6-8 months, acquired an adventitia; thereafter, exogenous multiplication ceased and endogenous proliferation supervened. Large numbers of daughter cysts arose in the germinal tissue lining chambers within the …

Tb Or Not Tb: Disease And The Adaptiveness Of Political Borders, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes adaptive and nonadaptive aspects of political borders at the threshold of the 21st century.

Recommendations From A Satellite Meeting (International Symposium To Commemorate The 90th Anniversary Of The Discovery Of Chagas Disease, April 11-16 1999, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil), Alejandro O. Luquetti, Aluízio Rosa Prata, Alvaro Moncayo, Alvaro Romanha, Ana Maria Jansen, Bianca Zingales, Carlos Morel, Carlos Ponce, Egler Chiari, Elisa Cupolillo, Elisa Ponce, Felipe Guhl, Hooman Momen, José Rodrigues Coura, Mario Steindel, Michael Miles, Michel Tibayrenc, Octavio Fernandes, Riva Oliveira, Rodrigo Zeledón, Sonia Gumes Andrade, Toby Vincent Barrett, Vanize Macêdo, Zigman Brener

Harold W. Manter Laboratory: Library Materials

During this symposium the standardization of the nomenclature of Trypanosoma cruzi strains was discussed, in a parallel session, with a view to facilitating the use and understanding of a common nomenclature that would serve not only taxonomists but the general community of researchers working with T. cruzi.

The diversity in the behavior and morphology of T. cruzi isolates was soon recognized after the discovery of Chagas disease. Since then a variety of biochemical and molecular techniques have revealed the great genetic diversity present in strains of this parasite. Different investigators have described this diversity by using various …

Margolisianum Bulbosum N. Gen., N. Sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) From The Southern Flounder, Paralichthys Lethostigma (Pisces: Bothidae), In Mississippi Sound, Usa, Reginald B. Blaylock, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species of a philometrid nematode, Margolisianum bulbosum, is described from the subcutaneous tissue in the mouth (larvigerous females), head (males, ovigerous, and larvigerous females), and eye (preovigerous females) of the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from Mississippi Sound. It is placed in a new genus diagnosed by the combination of 8 large, paired but separate cephalic papillae; no inner cephalic papillae; an esophagus with a separate, muscular anterior bulb; a prominent mononuclear esophageal gland; and variable, irregularly distributed cuticular bosses in the females, as well as a vestigial rectum, particularly in larvigerous females. Some female specimens exhibit …

The Effect Of Illicit Drugs On The Cardiovascular And Hormonal Responses In Pregnant Rabbits, Andrea Alana Chambliss

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of acute administration of heroin and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) on renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in time dated New Zealand White rabbits. Thirteen rabbits were studied. Arterial blood pressure and pCOz, increased significantly from a control value of 80 ± 8 mmHg and 30 ± 2 mmHg respectively to 93 ± 18 mmHg and 31 ± 1 mmHg. pO₂ decreased from 99 ± 8 mmHg to 90 ± 11 mmHg 10 minutes after heroin administration. EME caused arterial blood pressure to significantly increase from a control …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Nucleotide Sequences For Detection Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae, Gerald E. Duhamel, Robert Elder

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The invention provides a method for detecting the presence of Serpulina hyOdysenteriae in a biological Sample, an oligonucleotide primer and an S. hyodysenteriae-specific oligonucleotide probe useful in that method, and an article of manufacture that contains the primers and/or probe. Also provided are an about 2.3-kb DNA fragment derived from genomic DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and encoding for an about 56 kDa polypeptide, a recombinant expression vector containing the DNA fragment, the 56 kDa polypeptide and a monoclonal antibody reactive with the peptide, and a method of assaying for antibodies reactive with the 56 kDa peptide.

The Life Cycle Of A Horsehair Worm, Gordius Robustus (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Ben Hanelt, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

Aspects of the life cycle of the nematomorph Gordius robustus were investigated. Gordius robustus larvae fed to Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) readily penetrated and subsequently encysted in the posterior portion of the midgut wall. Parasite development was then arrested in each infected beetle. Upon feeding these cysts to laboratory-reared Gryllus firmus. worm larvae developed to adults in the cricket hemocoel. In an additional experiment, G. robustus larvae fed to G. firmus did not develop to adults. These findings are in contrast to other studies that found direct infection to be an alternative mode of infection. This experiment is the …

Mechanisms Of Immunotherapeutic Intervention By Anti-Cd40l (Cd154) Antibody In An Animal Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Laurence M. Howard, Amy J. Miga, Carol L. Vanderlugt, Mauro C. Dal Canto, John D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Stephen D. Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) in the SJL mouse is a Th1-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease model for human multiple sclerosis and is characterized by infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by Th1 cells and macrophages. Disease relapses are mediated by T cells specific for endogenous myelin epitopes released during acute disease, reflecting a critical role for epitope spreading in the perpetuation of chronic central CNS pathology. We asked whether blockade of the CD40–CD154 (CD40L) costimulatory pathway could suppress relapses in mice with established R-EAE. Anti-CD154 antibody treatment at either the peak of acute disease or during remission effectively blocked …

In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4–7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C. trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were …

Revisiting The Code: Clarifying Name-Bearing Types For Photomicrographs Of Protozoa, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

In 1988, Bandoni and Duszynski argued that individuals involved in the taxonomy and systematics of the coccidia should become familiar with the 3rd edition of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Ride et aI., 1985) and tried to reiterate the importance and utility of designating some form of type specimens and archiving them in appropriate museums. Their intent was to create an awareness among biologists working with coccidia (or other protists) of the value of designating type specimens. In the decade since their admonition, bench scholars working with coccidia, and journal editors to whom they submit their work, have begun …

Six New Eimeria Species From Vespertilionid Bats From North America, Donald W. Duszynski, Damien T. Scott, Jacqee Aragon, Ashley Leach, Travis Perry

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Twenty species of bats (Molossidae, Vespertilionidae) were collected from California, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, and Baja California Norte (Mexico), and 29 of 404 (7%) animals, including Antrozous pallidus, Eptesicusfuscus, Myotis auriculus, Myotis californicus, Myotis ciliolabrum, Myotis evotis, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis thysanodes, Myotis vivesi, Myotis volans, Myotis yumanensis, and Nycticeius humeralis were infected with Eimeria spp., which represent 6 new species. Sporulated oocysts of a new species from A. pallidus are subspheroidal, 24.8 × 21.6 (22-27 × 19-24) μm with a polar granule and a large globular residuum. …

Structure, Biodiversity, And Historical Biogeography Of Nematode Faunas In Holarctic Ruminants: Morphological And Molecular Diagnoses For Teladorsagia Boreoarticus N. Sp. (Nemadota: Ostertagiinae), Dimorphic Cryptic Species In Muskoxen (Ovibos Moschatus), Eric P. Hoberg, Kirsten J. Monsen, Susan Kutz, Michael S. Blouin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Discovery of the ostertagiine nematode Teladorsagia boreoarcticus n. sp. in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the central Canadian Arctic highlights the paucity of knowledge about the genealogical and numerical diversity of nematode faunas characteristic of artiodactyls at high latitudes across the Holarctic. Teladorsagia boreoarcticus is a dimorphic cryptic species distinguished from Teladorsagia circumcincta/Teladorsagia trifurcata in domestic sheep by a 13% divergence in the ND4 region of mitochondrial DNA, constant differences in the synlophe, and significantly longer esophageal valve, spicules, gubernaculum, and bursa. Teladorsagia boreoarcticus represents an archaic component of the North American fauna and may have a Holarctic …

Acanthocephala Of Cichlids (Pisces) In Lake Malawi, Africa, With A Description Of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis} Malawiensis Sp. N. (Quadrigyridae) From Labeo Cylindricus Peters, 1852 (Cyprinidae), Omar M. Amin, Sherman S. Hendrix

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Two species of acanthocephalans are reported from fishes collected during the summer of 1996 in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa), East Africa. The common Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) tilapiae (Baylis, 1948) had infected 18 cichlid and 1 bagrid host species (all new host records) netted by divers wearing scuba gear around Harbor Island or caught by hook and line in deep water. The specimens of this parasite were some of the smallest ever reported for that species. Two males of a new species, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) malawiensis, are described from 2 male Labeo cylindricus (Cyprinidae). This is the fifth …